Fruit acids – Wikipedia
The term Fruit acids is a collective term for the organic hydroxy carbonic acids, dicarboxylic acids and tricarboxylic acids occurring in fruit. These substances do not have to be identified as an additive when used in food.
Many fruit acids are α-hydroxy carboxylic acids ( What , from Engl. a – H ydroxy- A cids ) and some dicarboxylic acids. Some belong to both groups. Fruit acids include icing acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, gluconic acid, glycolic acid, almond acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, salicylic acid, α-hydroxyceprybean acid and vitic acid.
The term “fruit acids” originally referred to α-hydroxy carboxylic acids such as Äcfelic acid, citric acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid and vineic acid. Later the term was also extended to dicarboxylic acids (oxalic acid, fumaric acid), as these were also found in fruits. A special case is the aromatic β-hydroxy carboxylic acid called salicylic acid, which is one of the phenolic acids. It occurs in many plants, but despite similar applications, it also shows great differences in effect, e.g. B. on human skin.
Of course, fruit acids occur in many plants, mostly in their fruits. Together with the sugar, they have a significant impact on the taste of fruit. The total content of organic acids in the fruit is around one to three percent. [first] In the metabolism of all organisms, the anions of the acids represent important metabolic intermediate. For large -scale use, fruit acids are synthesized by biotechnological processes such as fermentation or enzymatic oxidation.
Fruit acids and their salts serve in large quantities as an acidifier of food. Citronic acid is used for preserving purposes. The salts are slowly absorbed in the human intestine and therefore act as an osmotic laxative.
Fruit acids are also used in cosmetics (e.g. chemical peeling) and acne therapy. [2] [3] [4] It is known for salicylic acid that in addition to the keratolytic, it also has an antimicrobial effect in dermatological use. [5]
Occurrence in fruits (content) [ Edit | Edit the source text ]
The following table lists the occurrence of all organic acids and selected fruit acids in various fruits: [6]
| fruit | Σ organic acids | Antic acid | Citric acid | Oxalic acid | Salicylic acid | Other acids |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pineapple | 0,7 g | 95 mg | 630 mg | – | 2,1 mg | – |
| Apple | 0,6 g | 550 mg | 16 mg | 0,5 mg | 0,31 mg | – |
| apricot | 1,4 g | 1000 mg | 400 mg | 7 mg | 3 mg | – |
| Banana | 0,6 g | 360 mg | 270 mg | – | – | – |
| Pear | 0,3 g | 170 mg | 140 mg | 6,2 mg | – | – |
| blackberry | 1,7 g | 900 mg | 18 mg | 12 mg | – | 810 mg |
| strawberry | 1,0 g | 140 mg | 870 mg | 16 mg | 1,4 mg | – |
| Grapefruit | 1,6 g | 180 mg | 1370 mg | – | 0,68 mg | – |
| Blueberry | 1,4 g | 850 mg | 525 mg | – | – | 120,2 mg |
| raspberry | 2,1 g | 400 mg | 1720 mg | 16 mg | 5,1 mg | – |
| Currant, red | 2,4 g | 290 mg | 2070 mg | 10 mg | 5,1 mg | – |
| sweet cherry | 1,0 g | 940 mg | 13 mg | 7,2 mg | 0,85 mg | – |
| Kiwi | 1,5 g | 500 mg | 990 mg | Sense | 0,32 mg | – |
| Mango | 0,4 g | 75 mg | 295 mg | 35 mg | 0,11 mg | 80 mg |
| Mirabelle | 0,9 g | 890 mg | – | 11 mg | – | – |
| Orange | 1,2 g | 160 mg | 1060 mg | – | 2,4 mg | – |
| Quits | 0,9 g | 930 mg | – | – | – | – |
| peach | 0,6 g | 330 mg | 240 mg | – | 0,58 mg | – |
| plum | 1,3 g | 1220 mg | 35 mg | 12 mg | 0,14 mg | – |
| Gooseberry | 1,4 g | 720 mg | 720 mg | 19 mg | – | 120 mg |
| Weintraube | 0,6 g | 540 mg | 25 mg | 8 mg | 1,4 mg | 530 mg |
| lemon | 4,9 g | – | 4920 mg | – | 0,18 mg | – |
The quantities refer to the salary in 100 g edible proportion . [6]
Fruit acid occurrence (selection in pictures) [ Edit | Edit the source text ]
- ↑ Gerald Rimbach, Jennifer Möhring, Helmut F. Erbersdobler: 9.6.5 Organic acids/fruit acids. In: Food goods science for beginners. Gabler Science publishers, 2010, ISBN 978-3-642-04485-4, p. 238.
- ↑ Doris Fanta, Christine Messeritsch-Fanta: Acne 1999: Do we still need the dermatologist? In: The dermatologist. 50, 1999, S. 900–911. two: 10.1007/s001050051009
- ↑ A. Brother: Fruit acid treatment for acne therapy. In: The dermatologist. 47, 1996, S. 937–938. two: 10.1007/s001050050537
- ↑ A. Fratila, M. Uerlich: Fruit acid peeling-the dermatological and aesthetic-corrective use of alpha hydroxysic (AHA). In: The dermatologist. 50, 1999, S. 448–460. two: 10.1007/s001050050942
- ↑ A. A. Hartmann: The influence of various factors on the human resident skin flora. In: Seminars in Dermatology. 9 (4), Dec 1990, S. 305–308. PMID 2285575 .
- ↑ a b Fruit acids. and Some fruit acids from different fruits. In: Lexicon of biology.
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