Sunday St. Mary González – Wikipedia
Domingo Santa María González (* August 4, 1825 in Santiago de Chile, † July 18, 1889 ibid) was president of Chile from 1881 to 1886.
After the school attendance and parallel to studying law at the Universidad de Chile, Santa María initially hit a career as a teacher of geography, arithmetic and history.
In 1846 he married Emilia Márquez de la Plata Guzmán, with whom he had five children.
His political career began in the same year when he as a representative of the Order Society (German: Society for Order) appeared publicly for the first time. He was appointed to the Ministry of Education, rose to his head in 1847 at the age of only 23 and was sent to the province of Colchaagua by the government in 1848 as governor.
He had to step down from this post in 1850 after allegations loud that Santa María had manipulated the results of parliamentary elections.
At the end of the term of the term of President Manuel Bulnes Prieto, Domingo Santa María joined Manuel Montt Torres as opponents. Santa María joined radical reformer organizations, but did not actively participate in the civil war fights at the end of 1851. Nevertheless, he chose exile in Lima in Peru.
Two years later, in 1853, he returned to Chile, where he initially worked as a lawyer. The Universidad de Chile took him to its Faculty of Philosophy in 1856, where he dedicated his free time to the letter of biographical and literature -historical essays.
But the political arena attracted him to the public again. In the conflict between the national liberal supporters of President Montt and the peculiar liberal-clerical conservative coalition of his opponents, Santa María opted for the latter. As a successor to the La Serena constituency, he came to the House of Representatives and made revolutionary plans against the government. But when the radicals, which Montt supported, won in the cities of the north, he had to give up his overthrow plans and was banished deep to the south of the country. Santa María preferred Europe to the Polar climate and went into exile again; An amnesty under President José Joaquín Pérez Mascayano allowed him to return to his homeland in 1862.
Again, he held back politically and was appointed to a post at the Chile Supreme Court. In 1863 President Pérez then called him to the cabinet and transferred the business area of the Ministry of Finance. In the war with Spain, which broke off in May 1864, when the Spaniards occupied the Peruvian Chincha Islands, Santa María served as the Messenger of the Chilean government in Peru, where he still had excellent connections from his first exile.
In 1865 he was called to the Santiago Court of Appeal and in 1866 to the State Council. From 1867 to 1873 he represented the constituency around Curicó in the House of Representatives, and in 1879 the citizens of Concepción elected him as a senator. In the same year, President Aníbal Pinto Garmendia called him to Foreign Minister. In this office he experienced the beginning of the Salpeter War Chile against Peru and Bolivia and took over the offices of the Minister of War and Navy in succession as well as the second most powerful office in the state, that of the Interior Minister.
In doing so, he worked towards the presidency, made contacts and did everything to succeed President Pinto. The radical party and parts of the national made it his candidate, while the conservatives wanted to set up General Manuel Baquedano González, who retreated his candidacy at short notice. With a majority of 255 out of 305 votes, Santa María won the office of Chilean president with a majority of 255 out of 305 votes and took over on September 18, 1881.
He took over the government at a time when there was still war. However, since the sheet had already inclined in favor of Chile, Santa María primarily came to the diplomatic backup of Chilean victory on an international parquet. He prevented an intervention by the United States or Argentina against Chile and secured in the contract of
Ancón from October 29, 1883 The territorial profits of his country, ranging from Antofagasta to Arica.
The Chilean electoral population rewarded the victory: the government parties were able to triumph in the parliamentary election of March 1882 – they won all seats while the conservative opposition remained without mandate! Santa María used the favor of the hour and enforced far -reaching reforms to separate the state and church, which his predecessor Pinto
had initiated, but had not been able to assert against the violent resistance of the clerical conservatives. This affected the reform of the registration, regarding the state (non-church) registration of newborns, civil and non-religious funerals. Under the Presidency of Santa Marías, Chile also experienced the first major wave of immigration from Protestants, such as from England, Germany and Switzerland.
The passion with which Santa María and his supporters went to work often shot out. The rule was the rule, and in the parliament (in which oppositionally sat again since 1885) the opponents led heated, often violent arguments.
Domingo Santa María, which had been ailing up to that point and the Chile’s infrastructure, was expanded during the term: Railway and postal system have been expanded and numerous public institutions were established. The new immigrants expanded the settlement area south, new cities like Temuco were founded. The army, which was victorious in the north, was now used in the south and beat the last resistance of the Indian population in Araukania bloody.
In 1886 Santa María gave up his office to the chosen successor José Manuel Balmaceda. Three years later, he died in Santiago from the consequences of a heart attack.
See also: History of Chiles
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