SiedlungsBiotop – Wikipedia
Settlement biotopes , also Biotopes of the development , are biotopes of human settlements. They include housing estates of the villages and cities, industrial plants, road traffic areas, green areas such as parks and other areas that are within the settlements and are used intensively by humans.
Settlement biotopes are euhemerobe to metahemerobe biotopes. In these biotopes, human activities are the decisive factor that disturbs or completely destroys the landscape in its components of water, soil, air and climate, and therefore the biozenosis. Depending on the intensity of human work, the biozenoses in settlement biotopes replace with less sensitive species or foreign, adapted species.
The structure is common after the density of the development (floor sealing and overring the horizon) as well as after the area of the area:
- City core, historical city center
- Block edge development (e.g. Wilhelminian era),
- Line and point houses with a moderate greening
- Individual and row house areas with gardens
- Allotment gardens, green areas,
- Parks, cemeteries,
as well as
- Transport facilities, sports facilities, industrial plants
and
- Individual trees, avenue, trunk groups, waters
- Ruhral corridors and ruins, industrial wasteland (e.g. mining), landfill
and village structures
Angle and valuation scale of landscape ecology and landscape planning is the hypothetical original state of the landscape without interventions by man that can be assessed after climatic vegetation and PNV. If you assess biotopes within settlement areas, the valuation standards must be adapted to the local state of the indicators.
Criteria can be:
Area size, rarity and regeneration ability (duration) are usually no sensible criteria for the evaluation of settlement biotopes, since these factors inevitably lead to an undervaluation. Nevertheless, settlement biotopes, precisely because of the extensive expansion of the cities, has functions in the biotope network.
Likewise, the species equipment cannot be compared to the ideal state of the hypothetical natural landscape. Due to the changed conditions, the species composition of the cities has changed completely and corresponds to v. a. Due to the city climate, the rocky landscapes in the Mediterranean climate.
Indicator organisms are:
The endangered biotopes include the village structures (sludge points, sand paths, barns …) as well as old avenues, cemeteries and parks, some of which resemble the Hutenwalds and Au forests; Furthermore, structurally rich green areas. The village biotopes are v. a. threatened by the mechanization of agriculture and direct bonuses of the EEC in the past to destruction (tree felling premiums, etc.). The urban green spaces are often subordinate to other interests (relaxation, traffic safety).
Topping land for the development is the most important hazard factor. Especially in the east of Germany, the turning room ruins and structural spontaneous forests have become rare after the turn. The area consumption has increased significantly. The expansion of the traffic routes and the increase in traffic has increased the traffic routes of the traffic routes.
Defective gas pipes, road salt and the city climate, as well as the need for order of people and not naturally planting ornamental green have a harmful effect.
The protection and development of the settlement biotopes is already the task of landscape planning at the level of land use planning. At this level, the area consumption must be reduced and the green order planning must be provided with sufficient use in the form of the FNP or LP.
In particular, the measures are best to be determined in the green order plan (independent or in the development plan):
- Tree slices, green strips,
- Preservation of old trees, and stipulations of new plantings
- Suggestions and stipulations for planting private gardens,
- Sticking for the greening of facade and green roofs,
- – “- for surface design (albedo)
- Free keeping and developing and maintaining important green areas
- Achievement of compensation measures through the intervention regulation
- Eckhard Jedicke: Biotop protection in the community . Neumann, Radebeul 1994, ISBN 3-7402-0148-7, ( Practical nature conservation ).
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