Amphibia system – Wikipedia

The Systematics of amphibians is presented here based on the living (recent) amphibians or amphibians, mostly called “Lis Samphibia” as a taxon. According to modern taxonomic criteria, the inclusion of all fossil groups, which are referred to as amphibians, is no longer justified, since the corresponding group would also include the ancestors of the amniots. This overarching group is usually no longer called amphibia, but tetrapoda to prevent confusion. However, the modern, recent amphibians form a monophyletic taxon, i.e. a closed parentage.

The systematics, which traditionally only be based on morphological comparisons, is partially changed compared to traditional ideas by the new methods of phylogenomics, which are not to determine the relationships based on the comparison of homolog DNA sequences. ^[first] The presentation selected here follows the websites amphibian species of the world ^[2] and amphibiaweb ^[3] As well as the largely based on it, systematics in the global list Animal Biodiversity by Zhang et al. In 2013. ^[4] In the few, cases of different classifications, there may be a note.

The display takes place to the level of the families, in some cases of the subfamilies. More detailed subdivisions can be found in the linked articles.

Immediately subclass Liss Samphibia Haeckel, 1866

(Sorting within the same rank alphabetically according to scientific names)

Order sneak amateur (= blind rugs), Gymnophiona Müller, 1832 [ Edit | Edit the source text ]

• Familie Erdwühlen (Caeciliidae Rafinesque, 1814)
• Familie Kamei, St. Mauro, Gower, go in Bocxlaer, Sherratt, Babu, Bossuyt, Wilkinson, 2012 (Bei zhaning al.
• Familie Dermophiidae Taylor, 1969
• Familie Erpelidae Laurent, 1984
• Fischwühlen family (Ichthyophiidae Taylor, 1968)
• Familie Grandisoniidae Lescure, Renous & Gasc, 1986
• Family nose rinsing (Rhinatrematidae Nussbaum, 1977)
• Grabwühlen family (Scolecomorphidae Taylor, 1969)
• Familie Siphonopidae Bonaparte, 1850
• Family Typhlonectidae Taylor, 1968

Order Schwanzlurche, Caudata Fischer von Waldheim, 1813 [ Edit | Edit the source text ]

• Family cross -tooth melche (Ambystomatidae Gray, 1850)
• Family Giant Querzahn olk (DicAmptodontidae Tihen, 1958) (in Amphibian Species of the World as a subfamily dicamptodontinae included in the Ambystomatidae))
• Familie Aalmolche (Amphiumidae Gray, 1825)
• Familie Riesensalamander (Cryptobranchidae Fitzinger, 1826)
• Winkelzahnmolche family (Hynobiidae Cope, 1859)
• Family LungenLose Salamander (Plethodontidae Gray, 1850)
  • Sub -Familie Hemidactyliinae Hallowell, 1856
  • Sub -Familie Pllethodontidinae Gray, 1850
• FAMILIE OLME (Poteidae Gray, 1825)
• Familie Rhyacotritonidae Tihen, 1958
• Family real salamander and newt (Salamandridae Goldfuss, 1820)
  • Sub -family Pleurodelinae Tschudi, 1838
  • Salamandrinae Goldfuss subfamily, 1820
  • Salamandrininae Fitzinger subfamily, 1843
• Familie Armmolche (Sirenidae Gray, 1825)

Order Froschlurche, Anura Fischer von Waldheim, 1813 [ Edit | Edit the source text ]

• Family Blattkrötchen (Allophrynidae Savage, 1973)
• Family Alsodidae Mivart, 1869
• Family obstetrician toads and disc fountain (Alytidae Fitzinger, 1843)
• The Aromobatidae Grant family, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel & Wheeler, 2006 (at Amphibiaweb subfamily of the Dendrobatidae)
  • Sub -family Anomaloglossinae Grant, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel & Wheeler, 2006
  • Sub -Familie Aromobatinae Grant, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel & Wheeler, 2006
  • Sub -family Allobatinae Grant, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel & Wheeler, 2006
• Family middle fingerfrösche (Arthrolepidae Mivart, 1869)
  • Sub -Familie Arthroleptinae Mivart, 1869
  • Sub -family Astylosterinae Noble, 1927
  • Unterfamilie Leptopelinae Laurent, 1972
• The Schwanzfrog family (Ascaphidae Fejérváry, 1923)
• Familie Batrachylidae Gallardo, 1965
• Familie Bombinatoridae Gray, 1825
• Family saddle toads (Brachycephalidae Günther, 1858)
• Family Kurzkopffrösche (Brevicipitidididididae Bonaparte, 1850)
• Family toads (Bufonidae Gray, 1825)
• Familie Calyptocephalellidae Reig, 1960
• Family Glasfrösche (Centrolenidae Taylor, 1951)
  • Sub -Familie Centroleninae Taylor, 1951
  • Unterfamilie Hyalinobatrachinae Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, & Vilà, 2009
• Familie Ceratobatrachidae Boulenger, 1884
• Familie Ceratophryidae Tschudi, 1838
• Family Ceuthomentidae Heinicke, Duellman, Trueb, Means, Macculloch & Hedges, 2009 (at Amphibia Species of the World Unterfamilie of the Craugastoridae)
• Familie Conrauidae Dubois, 1992
• Familie Craugastoridae Hedges, Duellman & Heinicke, 2008
• Familie Cycloramphidae Bonaparte, 1850
• Family Baumsteigerfrog (Dendrobatididae Cope, 1865)
  • Sub -family Colostethinae Cope, 1867
  • Sub -family Dendrobatinae Cope, 1865
  • Sub -family Hyloxalinae Grant, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel & Wheeler, 2006
• Family Dicroglosidae Anderson, 1871
  • Sub -Familie Dicroglossinae Anderson, 1871
  • Unterfamilie Occidozyginae Fei, Ye, & Huang, 1990
• Familie Eleutherodactylidae Lutz, 1954
  • Sub -Familie ELEUTHERODACTYLINAE LUTZ, 1954
  • Sub -Familie Phyzelaphryninae Hedges, Duellman, & Heinicke, 2008
• Family ghost frog (Heleophrynidae Noble, 1931)
• Family Hemiphractidae Peters, 1862
  • Unterfamilie CryptoTrachinae Frost et al., 2006
  • Sub -Familie Hemiphractinae Peters, 1862
• Family Hemisotidae Cope, 1867
• Family Laubfrogs (Hylidae Rafinesque, 1815) (structure. Families Pelodryadidae and Phyllomedusidae partly understood as subfamilies of the Hylidae)
  • Sub -Familie Acridinae Mivart, 1869
  • Sub -family Dendropshinae Fitzinger, 1843
  • Unterfamilie Hylinae Rafinesque, 1815
  • Sub-Familie Lophyohylinae Miranda-Ribiro, 1926
  • Sub -family kinking frogs i. w. S. (Scinaxinae Duellman, Marion & Hedges, 2016)
• The Hylodidae Günther family, 1858
• Riedfrog family (Hyperoliidae Laurent, 1943)
• The New Zealand family (Leiopelmatidae Mivart, 1869)
• Family Leptodactylidae Werner, 1896 (subfamily Leiuperinae near Zhang et al.
  • Sub -Familie Leuperinae Bonaparte, 1850
  • Sub -family Leptodactylinae Werner, 1896
  • Sub -family paratelmatobiinae Ohler & Dubois, 2012
• Family Australian southern Frogs (Limnodynastidae Lynch, 1969) (at Zhang et al. As a subfamily of the Myobatrachidae) understood)
• Family Madagaskarfroösche (Mantellida LACENT, 1946)
  • Unterfamilie Boophinae Vences & Glaw, 2001
  • Unterfamilie Laliostominae Vences & Glaw, 2001
  • Unterfamilie Mantellinae Laurent, 1946
• Family Asian toad frogs (Megophryidae Bonaparte, 1850)
• FAMILIE MICRIXALIDAE DUBOIS, OHLER & BIJU, 2001
• Family Eng meafen (Microhylidae Günther, 1858)
  • Unterfamilie Adelastinae Peloso et al., 2015
  • Sub-family papua gums (Asterophryinae Günther, 1858)
  • Sub-Familie Madagascar-Engreche (Cophylinae Cope, 1889)
  • Unterfamilie Chaperininae Peloso et al., 2015
  • Sub -family deaf frogs (Dyscophinae Boulenger, 1882)
  • Sub -family gastrophryninae Fitzinger, 1843
  • Sub -family Hoplophryninae Noble, 1931
  • Sub -Familie Kalophthryninae Mivart, 1869
  • Sub -family Melanobatrachinae Noble, 1931
  • Sub -family real gone frogs (Microhylinae Günther, 1858)
  • Sub -Familie Otophryninae Wassersug & Pyburn, 1987
  • Sub -family turning hall frogs (Phrynomerinae Noble, 1931)
  • Unterfamilie Scaphiophryninae Laurent, 1946
• Family Australian South Frogs (Myobatrachidae Schlegel, 1850)
• Familie Nasikabatrachidae Biju & Bossuyt, 2003
• Family Nyctibatrachidae Blommers locks, 1993
  • Sub -family Astrobatrachinae
  • Sub -family Lancanectinae
  • Sub -Familie Nyctibatrachinae
• Family Odontobatharidae Barej, Schmits, Tünning, Lohlow, Mahlow, 2014, 2014 (to Zhalemn It Al. Petropedttae
• Familie Odontophrynidae Lynch, 1969
• The family of European shovels (Pelobatidae Bonaparte, 1850)
• The Pelodryadidae Günther family, 1858
  • Unterfamilie Litoriinae Dubois & Frétey, 2016
  • Sub -Familie Pelodryadinae Günther, 1858
• Family Schlammaucher (Pelodytidae Bonaparte, 1850)
• Family Petropedetidae Noble, 1931
• Familie Prynobatrachidae Laurent, 1941
• FAMILIES ERISTRICE (PHYLLOMEDUSUSAE GUYSHERHER, 1858)
• Zungenlose family (Pipidae Gray, 1825)
• Family Ptychadenidae Dubois, 1987
• Family Pyxicephalidae Bonaparte, 1850
  • Sub -family Cacosterninae Noble, 1931
  • Sub -Familie Pyxicephalinae Bonaparte, 1850
• Family real frogs (Ranidae Rafinesque, 1814)
• Familie Ranixalidae Dubois, 1987
• Family rowing frogs (Rhacophoridae Hoffman, 1932)
  • Unterfamilie caneriiise channing, 1989
  • Sub -family Rhacophorinae Hoffman, 1932
• Family nose frogs (Rhinodermatidae Bonaparte, 1850)
• Family nose toads (Rhinophrynidae Günther, 1859)
• Family American shovel foot toads (Scaphiopodidae Cope, 1865)
• The Seychellenfrog family (Sooglossidae Noble, 1931)
• Familie Strabomantidae Hedges, Duellman & Heinicke, 2008
• Family Telmatobiidae Fitzinger, 1843

1. ↑ vgl. die umfassende, aktuelle Darstellung in R. Alexander Pyron & John J. Wiens (2011): A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2800 species, and a revised classification of extant frogs, salamanders, and caecilians. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61: 543–583. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.06.012
2. ↑ Amphibian Species of the World , accessed on February 3, 2017
3. ↑ List of amphibian families according to amphibiaweb.org , accessed on February 3, 2017.
4. ↑ D.C. Blackburn & D.B. Wake: Class Amphibia Gray, 1825. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Editor) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa 3148: 1-237.