[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/thomas-henry-huxley-wikipedia-free-encyclopedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/thomas-henry-huxley-wikipedia-free-encyclopedia\/","headline":"Thomas henry Huxley – Wikipedia, free encyclopedia","name":"Thomas henry Huxley – Wikipedia, free encyclopedia","description":"Thomas Henry Huxley Huxley in a Lock & Whitfield, London 1880 or before Personal information Nickname Darwin\u2019s Bulldog Birth May","datePublished":"2020-11-28","dateModified":"2020-11-28","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2e\/T.H.Huxley%28Woodburytype%29.jpg\/230px-T.H.Huxley%28Woodburytype%29.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2e\/T.H.Huxley%28Woodburytype%29.jpg\/230px-T.H.Huxley%28Woodburytype%29.jpg","height":"302","width":"230"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/thomas-henry-huxley-wikipedia-free-encyclopedia\/","wordCount":4461,"articleBody":"Thomas Henry Huxley  Huxley in a Lock & Whitfield, London 1880 or before Personal information Nickname Darwin\u2019s Bulldog  Birth May 4, 1825 Ealing (Middlesex, today Great London, England) Death June 29, 1895 (70 years) Eastbourne (Sussex, Inglaterra) Grave London  Residence  England England Nationality English Religion Agnosticism  Family Parents George Huxley  Rachel Withers  Spouse Henrietta Anne Heathorn Huxley\u00a0 (Since 1855, since 1855)  Children  Education Educated in Colegio Sydenham, Londres Hospital Charing Cross University of London Supervisor doctoral Thomas Wharton Jones  Professional information Area Biology, comparative anatomy Known by Agnosticism Evolution ‘Darwin’s bulldog’ Scientific education Occupied charges  Employer Royal de Minas School, Hunterian Museum, Royal Institution, University of London Doctoral students Michael Foster Henry Fairfield Osborn Patrick Geddes H. G. Wells Abbreviation in Zoology Huxley Member of Royal Society, Private Council Thomas Henry Huxley PC, F.R.S. In Bulldog de Darwin for his defense of the theory of the evolution of Charles Darwin. [ first ] \u200b His famous debate in 1860 with the bishop of Oxford, Samuel Wilberforce, was a key moment in the broader acceptance of evolution, and for his own career, although some historians believe that the debate, in the version that has reached our days It was a subsequent invention. [ 2 ] Wilberforce asked Huxley if he was a descendant of a ape from his father or his mother. The literal response of this is not collected, which was something like this: I would prefer to descend from a monkey rather than a man of great talent who uses his gifts to put obstacles to a scientific discussion. Huxley had little formal education: he was forced to leave school at age 10 due to his family’s economic difficulties. However, he was determined to form himself, and became one of his century’s great self -taught. He worked first with invertebrates, clarifying the relationships between groups that were previously known. Later, he worked with vertebrates, especially in the relationship between man and monkeys. Another of its important conclusions was that birds evolved from dinosaurs, mostly, small carnivores (Theopoda). This idea is widely supported today. His extensive public work in scientific education had a significant effect on British society and throughout the world. Huxley is considered inventor of the term ‘agnostic’ since he used it in 1869 to describe his own vision of religion. It was expressed like this: [ 3 ] \u200b Agnosticism is not, in fact, a faith, but a method, whose essence is in the rigorous application of a single principle, the fundamental axiom of modern science. In intellectual matters, follow your reason as far as it takes, without any other consideration. In intellectual matters, do not understand that there are certain conclusions that have not been demonstrated or not demonstrable. Huxley was born in Ealing, to the west of London, being the seventh of the eight children of George Huxley, a Mathematics professor at Ealing. Self -taught training, at 17 he began his medical studies at the Charing Cross hospital, where he obtained his title. At the age of 20 he obtained the title in Medicine at the University of London, winning the gold medal for anatomy and physiology. In 1845 he published his first scientific article, demonstrating the existence of a until then unknown layer of the hair follicle, a layer known as the Huxley layer. Later, Huxley requested a position in the Navy. He obtained a job as a surgeon at the HMS Rattlesnake, which would begin his topographic work in the Torres Strait. The Rattlesnake left England on December 3, 1846, and once the southern hemisphere Huxley was reached dedicated his time to studying marine invertebrates, especially jellyfish. He began sending the details of his discoveries to England, and his article On the Anatomy and the Affinities of the Family of Medusae (Of the anatomy and affinities of the jellyfish family) was printed by the Royal Society at the Philosophical Transactions of 1849.  Thomas Henry Huxley, RN, at the age of 21 Huxley Uni\u00f3, next to the jellyfish, to the polyps to form a class called Hydrozoa. The connection it made is that all these class members consisted of two membranes enclosing a central cavity or stomach. This is the characteristic of the now called cnidarians. He was able to compare these membranes with the mucous structures of the embryos of upper animals. Huxley’s value was recognized, and on his return to England in 1850 he was chosen as a member of the Royal Society. The following year, at the age of 26, he not only received the medal of the Royal Society, but was also chosen for the Council. He assured his friendship with Joseph Dalton Hooker and John Tyndall, who would remain friends with life. The admiralty kept him as a surgeon assistant, so that he could work on the observations he made during the Rattlesnake trip. They allowed him to perform several important essays, especially those about the Ascidiacea, who would solve the problem of the organisms that Johannes Peter M\u00fcller discovered but could not catalog, and the morphology of the cephalopods. Huxley resigned from the Navy, and in July 1854 he began as a lecturer at the School of Mines and Naturalist in the geological study of the following year. His most important research in this period was the conference given before to the Royal Society in 1858 of The Theory of the Vertebrate Skull (The vertebral theory of the skull). In this he opposed Richard Owen’s vision that the bones of the skull and the spine were homologous, an opinion that Goethe and Lorenz Oken previously maintained. In 1859, the The origin of species . Huxley had previously rejected Lamarck’s transmutation theory based on the fact that there was insufficient evidence to support her. However, he believed that Darwin at least had a sufficiently good hypothesis as a basis, although he believed the evidence he still lacked, and became one of Darwin’s main supporters in the debate that followed the publication of the book. Huxley held a conference at the Royal Institution in February 1860, and spoke in favor of Darwinism in the debate of the British Association at the Natural History Museum of the University of Oxford in June. Huxley joined his friend Hooker, and opposed the Bishop of Oxford, Samuel Wilberforce and the HMS Beagle captain, Robert Fitzroy.  In this frontispiece of your Evidence as to Man’s Place in Nature (1863), Huxley first published his famous image comparing the skeleton of apes to humans. After this Huxley concentrated on the matter of the Origins of the human, maintaining that the hominid was related to the monkeys. This opposed Richard Owen, who indicated that the human was clearly differentiated from the other animals by the anatomical structure of his brain. That was really inconsistent with the known facts, and was effectively refuted by Huxley in several articles and conferences, summarized in 1863 in Evidence as to Man’s Place in Nature . Huxley also faced Owen in the field of homology and archetype theory. Huxley admitted special homologies, interpreting them as due to common ancestry, but rejected serial homologies (in particular, the vertebral theory of the skull). [ 4 ] \u200b The 31 years during which Huxley occupied the natural history chair at the School of Mines were largely used in paleontological research. Numerous fish fossil rehearsals established many large morphological facts. The study of fossil reptiles led to its demonstration, in the bird conferences course, delivered to the Royal College of Surgeons in 1867, the fundamental affinity of the two groups that united under the name of Sauropsida. From 1870 the demands of public duty moved Huxley from scientific research. From 1862 to 1884 to serve in ten royal commissions. From 1871 to 1880 he was secretary of the Royal Society, and from 1881 to 1885 its president. They made him a private advisor in 1892. In 1870 he was president of the British Association in Liverpool, and in that same year he was elected member of the newly created London School Board. In 1888 he received the Copley medal awarded by the Royal Society. His health worsened markedly in 1885. In 1890 he moved from London to Eastbourne, where he would die. Huxley was the founder of an outstanding family of British academics, including his grandchildren Aldous Huxley, sir Julian Huxley y Sir Andrew Huxley. Influence on teaching [ To edit ] Huxley exerted an important influence on the way of educating in British schools. In primary education he defended teaching a wide spectrum of disciplines: reading, writing, arithmetic, art, science, music, etc. At higher levels he foresaw that schools should work with two years of basic studies followed by two years at a higher level of work focusing on a more specific field of study. This was a new approach to the general classic studies of English schools. Much of his educational approaches are found in his work “On on Piece of Chalk (on a piece of chalk)”, a deep essay published in 1868 by MacMillan’s Magazine in London. The work reconstructs the geological history of Great Britain from a piece of chalk and shows the methods of science as an “organized common sense.” Another significant defense of Huxley that is not currently seen was its promotion to teach the Bible in schools. This could be seen as a step back with its evolutionary theories, but believed that the Bible had significant literary and moral teachings that were relevant to English ethics. He tried to reconcile evolution and ethics in his book Evolution and Ethics , which proposed the principle of “adapting as much as possible to survive.”  The Oceanic Hydrozoa . London 1859; online Evidence as to Man’s Place in Nature . London 1863; online finished by J. Victor Carus. Certificates for the position of man in nature (Certificaci\u00f3n de la Posici\u00f3n del Hombre en la Naturaleza). Braunschweig 1863, Gutenberg eText On Our Knowledge of the Causes of the Phenomena of Organic Nature. Six Lectures to Working Men . London 1863; online Lectures on the Elements of Comparative Anatomy . London 1864; online Lessons in Elementary Physiology. London 1866; online Aphorisms by Goethe. London, November 4, 1869 (first issue of the scientific journal Nature) Complete text A Manual of the Anatomy of Vertebrated Animals . London 1871; online A Course of Practical Instruction in Elementary Biology . London 1875 – with H. Newell Martin; online Physiography: An Introduction to the Study of Nature . London 1877; online A Manual of the Anatomy of Invertebrated Animals . London 1877; online Introductory Science Primer . London 1880; online The Crayfish: An Introduction to the Study of Zoology . London 1879; online Collected Essays . 9 v. London 1893\u20131894 Originally published as:Lay Sermons, Addresses and Reviews . London 1870; online Critiques and Addresses . London 1873; online American Addresses . London 1877; online Science and Culture . London 1882; online Social Diseases and Worse Remedies . London 1891 Essays upon Some Controverted Questions . London 1892; online Michael Foster (ed.) The Scientific Memoirs of Thomas Henry Huxley . 5 v. London 1898\u20131903 Julian Huxley (ed.) T.H. Huxley’s Diary of the Voyage of H.M.S. Rattlesnake . London 1935 Abbreviation (zoology) The abbreviation Huxley It is used to indicate Thomas Henry Huxley as an authority in the description and taxonomy in zoology. References [ To edit ] \u2191  \u00abencyclop\u00e6dia Britannica online (2006), Thomas Henry Huxley, Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica Inc.\u00bb.    \u2191  Livingstone, David. “Myth 17. That Huxley Defeated Wilberforce in Their Debate over Evolution and Religion,” in Numbers, Ronald L., ed. Galileo goes to jail and other myths about science and religion. No. 74. Harvard University Press, 2009, 152-160 .   \u2191  Dixon, Thomas (2008). Science and Religion: A Very Short Introduction . Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.\u00a0 63 . ISBN\u00a0978-0-19-929551-7 .   \u2191  Ruse, 1983, p.\u00a0181  Bibliography [ To edit ] Etc. Aa. (1973). Argos encyclopedia of the animal world v. 5 . Barcelona: Ed. Argos Vergara. ISBN 84-7017-425-8 .  external links [ To edit ]     "},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/thomas-henry-huxley-wikipedia-free-encyclopedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Thomas henry Huxley – Wikipedia, free encyclopedia"}}]}]