[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/ckd-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/ckd-wikipedia\/","headline":"\u010cKD – Wikipedia","name":"\u010cKD – Wikipedia","description":"This article deals with the Czech machine manufacturer \u010cKD. For further and other meanings see CKD. \u010cKD legal form a.s.","datePublished":"2021-03-27","dateModified":"2021-03-27","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ea\/Disambig-dark.svg\/25px-Disambig-dark.svg.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ea\/Disambig-dark.svg\/25px-Disambig-dark.svg.png","height":"19","width":"25"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/ckd-wikipedia\/","wordCount":2353,"articleBody":"This article deals with the Czech machine manufacturer \u010cKD. For further and other meanings see CKD. \u010cKD legal form a.s. founding 1927 by fusion resolution 1998 Resolution insolvency Seat Prague, Czech Republic Industry Rail vehicles, mechanical engineering, engine construction  Aktie \u00fcber 400 Kronen der \u010ceskomoravsk\u00e1-Kolben-Dan\u011bk VOM 1. November 1927 \u010cKD Praha Holding, a.s. was a Czech industrial group in mechanical engineering based in Prague. The company worked with its divisions in the past as a mechanical engineer. \u010cKD was a supplier for electrical systems, manufacturers of rail vehicles, diesel engines and driven. In addition, the company worked with the construction of cranes and compressors. The abbreviation \u010cKD stands for Czech-Moravian-Kolben-Dan\u011bk , this name was no longer used. At \u010cKD, around 50,000 people were employed at maximum times as a state -owned company in socialist Czechoslovakia. After the velvet revolution, the combination was converted into a group. Due to the elimination of the previous markets and a suboptimal privatization, large components of \u010cKD have decreased. At the moment there are only isolated small companies that bear \u010cKD in their name and are in different ownerships. Has been since December 2013 \u010cKD Praha Holding The property of \u010cKD Asset, a.s. the only shareholder is the British Hanbury Finance Limited with the Czech entrepreneur Petr Speychal as the owner. founding [ Edit | Edit the source text ] The company was created in 1927 from the merger of three companies that have previously cooperated: The first Czech-Moravian machine factory in Prague, a.s. , before. The first Bohemian-Moravian machine factory in Prague, founded in 1871, mainly built locomotives, chemical works and large steel structures. In 1907 she founded the automobile builder Praga together with the Wagon construction company Ringaoffer. In 1891, for example, the company built the Pet\u0159\u00edn lookout tower and the industrial palace on the Prague exhibition site. The construction of rail vehicles began around 1900. Kolben is spol, A.S. ( Piston & Co. ), founded by Emil Kolben in 1896. In 1898 she closed with society Pra\u017esk\u00e1 a.s. to society Electrical engineering a. S. together. In 1921 united Electrical engineering a.s with the company The first Czech-Moravian machine factory in Prague, a.s. (see above) to society \u010ceskomoravsk\u00e1 – Kolben, a.s. The technical equipment for hydropower plants was built. Danek et al, a.s. ( Danek & Co. ) was founded in 1854 by \u010cen\u011bk Dan\u011bk. In 1872 she closed with the company Breitfeld & Evans to society Stock company, formerly Breitfeld, Dan\u011bk et al. together. The equipment for mines and food industry was produced. Between 1926 and 1927, this company provided automobiles under the brand name BD her. [first]  In 1927 then united \u010ceskomoravsk\u00e1-Kolben, a.s. and Stock companies, formerly Breitfeld, Dan\u011bk et al. to society \u010ceskomoravsk\u00e1-Kolben-Dan\u011bk, a.s. 12,000 employees were employed in this company. Emil piston was head of the conglomerate. Compared to the competitor \u0160koda in Pilsen \u010ceskomoravsk\u00e1-Kolben-Dan\u011bk, a.s. Even smaller but more competitive and supplied not only the Czechoslovak state railways (\u010cSD), but also numerous industrial companies with steam engines. The company had a very wide range. The slogan was: “We produce everything, from the pin to the locomotive” [2] In 1930 the company also started the aircraft construction under the \u010cKD-Praga division and from 1932 Kolbens companies had a significant part in the electrification of the Slovak part of Czechoslovakia. From the beginning of the 1930s, people started to become active in the armaments area. Since its declaration of independence in 1918, Czechoslovakia has been striving for independence in the equipment of its forces and care with industrial goods. So from \u010cKD a license for the production of the fuel chain, which was successful internationally at that time Carden-Loyd Mk. VI . acquired and the Czechoslovak army ordered seventy of a model improved by \u010cKD in 1933 TANCIK vz. 33 . After unsuccessfully trying to sell the same vehicle Yugoslavia and Romania, they decided to develop their own fuel models and light tanks in the future. [3] From 1935, tanks were also part of the regular range. Commercial successes were the models export Tankette Ah-IV , the light Panzer P-II (50 pieces) and in particular the TNH, which was built as a tank steam truck 38 (T), in large numbers for the German Wehrmacht. Steam locomotives and combustion engine were built. Electrol locomotives such as the series 407.0 for the Prague knot with accumulator drive were also occasionally created. With the engine railcar in the \u010cSD M 260.001 series, \u010cKD put a modern, prestigious vehicle in competition with the \u010cSD M 290 in the spring of 1939. Because of the events that followed in the same year, the unique piece remained without further developments. With the Praga dead, the first overhead line bus in 1936 of the company in Prague was put into operation. Until 1939, eleven of these buses had been produced for the Prague Oberleitungsbus network, which was built in 1936. German occupation [ Edit | Edit the source text ] With the destruction of Czechoslovakia and occupation by Germany, the company was in Bohemian-Moravian Maschinenfabrik AG renamed Bohemia and Moravia in the protectorate and reorganized the ownership. The main shareholder and head of the large corporation, Emil Piston, was a Jewish origin and had to step back from \u010cKD and later sell his shares. At the age of 80, he was deported to Theresienstadt concentration camp in 1940 and died there a few days later. The German Reich thus had access to new technologies and capacities for the armament of the Wehrmacht. The best-known armaments of this time were a light tank- the Panzer 38 (t)- and the hunting tank 38, which was developed by the company, which was based on the same chassis and drive components. This resulted in a huge increase in strength of the German military potential. [4] At that time, Czechoslovakia was considered a country with a strong and advanced mechanical engineering industry. nationalization [ Edit | Edit the source text ] After the exemption from the German National Socialists by the Red Army of the Soviet Union in 1945, \u010cKD was restored as the state operations of Czechoslovakia. The structure of \u010cKD was repeated with the introduction of the planned economy. Here, numerous companies, distributed over the entire Republic, were incorporated. From the first half of the 1960s, the state was called \u010cKD Praha with different legal forms. In 1963 the combat \u010cKD of the wagons and tram manufacturers became Vagonka Tatra Sm\u00edchov n.p. Under the new name \u010cKD Tatra n.p. added. Between 1946 and 1990, up to 50,000 workers were employed in the factories from \u010cKD. The extensive product range included locomotives, cranes, electrical machines, compressors and thyristors. However, \u010cKD was particularly well-known through the Tatra-Stra\u00dfenbahnen built in large numbers, which were manufactured at \u010cKD Tatra in the Sm\u00edchov district of Prague. The best known tram is Tatra T3. In addition to the main buyer Soviet Union, Tatra street railways were used, especially in Czechoslovakia. From 1951 to 2003, \u010cKD produced around 20,000 vehicles for tram companies in the German Democratic Republic, Yugoslavia and Hungary. Outside of Europe, the vehicles were also delivered to Egypt and North Korea. Another main income area was the locomotive construction. From 1950 to 1955 \u010cKD built 60 steam locomotives of the \u010cSD series 477.0. The Czechoslovak state railway followed the trend of the European railways and switched to diesel and electrolocomotives. While \u0160KODA had to specialize in drives on electrolocomotives and Vag\u00f3nka Stud\u00e9nka, \u010cKD received the order to build diesel locomotives. Initially, from 1956, the locomotive factory focused on the construction of small shunting locomotives such as the T 211.0 series with an amount of over 800 pieces, some of which also went into export. Privatization, division and downfall [ Edit | Edit the source text ] After 1990, the company’s situation had become more difficult, which is why it was subsequently divided into several companies. In 2004 these societies were partly back under the holding Group \u010cKD Praha ( GRUPPE CKD PRAG ). Members of the group (2006): \u010cKD Praha DIZ, a.s. , \u010cKD Nov\u00e9 Enero, a.s. , \u010cKD Electrical Engineering, a.s. , Semiconductors, a.s. and An energy, A.S.  \u2191  Harald H. Linz, Halwart Schrader: The international automotive cyclopedia . United Soft Media Verlag, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-8032-9876-8.   \u2191  Czech: We produce everything, from a pin to the locomotive  \u2191  Francev: Export tankettes 2004 S. 5  \u2191  Walther Hofer, Herbert R. Reginbogin: Hitler, the West and Switzerland. NZZ, Zurich 2001, ISBN 3-85823-882-1, p. 418 ff.  50.071667 14.401944 Coordinates: 50 \u00b0 4 \u2032 18 \u2033 N , 14 \u00b0 24 \u2032 7 \u2033 O  Czechoslovak car automobile brands "},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/ckd-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"\u010cKD – Wikipedia"}}]}]