[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/appelbeereren-wikipedia-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/appelbeereren-wikipedia-wikipedia\/","headline":"Appelbeereren \u2013 Wikipedia Wikipedia","name":"Appelbeereren \u2013 Wikipedia Wikipedia","description":"The Apple berries ( Aronia ) are a plant genre of three Aronia -Tarts within the family of rose plants","datePublished":"2021-06-25","dateModified":"2021-06-25","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cc\/Choke-Berries-IMG_2431_051013_121714.jpg\/220px-Choke-Berries-IMG_2431_051013_121714.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cc\/Choke-Berries-IMG_2431_051013_121714.jpg\/220px-Choke-Berries-IMG_2431_051013_121714.jpg","height":"147","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/appelbeereren-wikipedia-wikipedia\/","wordCount":4982,"articleBody":"   The Apple berries ( Aronia ) are a plant genre of three Aronia -Tarts within the family of rose plants (Rosaceae). They originally come from eastern North America and grow there as a shrub of one to two meters. Aronia -Tarts are summer green shrubs with tips, strikingly wine -red winter buds. The simple, stalked, more or less hairy leaves are elliptical to wrong-torn, 2 to 8 centimeters long, usually briefly pointed or pointed, finely notched to sawn and on the middle rib with removed, black and red hair with bright red autumn color. There are secondary leaves. Ten to twenty flowers stand together in umbrella -rispine inflorescences. The hermaphrodite, mostly stalked, radiermed -symmetrical, fifties have a diameter of about one centimeter. The front and support leaves are converted into glands. There is a small flower cup, as well as five sepals. The five free crown leaves are white or pale pink. The mostly hairy stamens, usually up to about 20, are overgrown on their base. There are several precise and subdent stamps, with often free stuff. The red or black, one to multi-segregated and apple-shaped, rounded, sometimes hairy fruits (false fruit) have a diameter of 5 to 12 millimeters. They have a constant, sometimes sunken chalice and a chalice hollow at the top, similar to the Javaapfel. They have a core housing and the seeds are apple core. The genus Aronia was set up by Friedrich Kasimir Medi. Aronia  Medical. nom. Cons. was preserved according to the rules of the ICN (Melbourne ICN Art. 14.10 & App. III, Melbourne ICN Art. 53) Aronia  Mitch. name. rej. [first] The genus Aronia belongs to the subtribus core fruit crop (pyrinae) in the subfamily Spiraeoideae within the Rosaceae family. The genus Aronia is mainly common in the eastern North America, but also occurs in the central USA. There are only three Aronia -Species: [first] Filty apple berry [2] ( Aronia arbutifolia  (L.) Pers. , His.: Aronia arbutifolia was. Brilliantissima hort., Crataegus pyrifolia  Blue. , Mespilus arbutifolia  L. , Photinia pyrifolia  (Lam.) K.R.Robertson & J.B.Phipps , Pyrus Arbutifolia  (L.) L. f. , Sorbus Arbutifolia  (L.) Heynh. ): She is in the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, southeastern Ontario, southeastern Qu\u00e9bec as well as Prince Edward Island and in the US states Connecticut, southern Maine, Massachusetts, Southeastern New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, West Virginia, Oklahoma, Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia and Texas. [first] Black apple berry or bald apple berry ( Hawn honeyocarpa  (Michx.) Elliott , His.: Hawn honeyocarpa  Spach , Aronia black  (Medical.) Dippel , Aronia black  (Willd.) Koehne , Hahnia arbutifolia was. nigra  Medical. , Mespilus arbutifolia was. melanocarpa  Michx. , Photinia melanocarpa  (Michx.) K.R.Robertson & J.B.Phipps , Pyrus Arbutifolia was. nigra  Willd. , Pyrus melanocarpa  (Michx.) Willd. , Pyrus Nigra  (Willd.) Sarg. ): She is in the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick, Neufundland, Nova Scotia, southern Ontario, southern Quebec as well as on Prince Edward Island and in the US states Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio , Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia, Illinois, northeastern Iowa, eastern Minnesota, Missouri (only Stoddard County), Wisconsin, northern Alabama, northern Georgia, Kentucky, western Maryland, western North North, South Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia spread : [first] Hawn honeyocarpa was. Larges  (Lindl.) Cutting. Well apfelbeere [2] ( Hawn honeyocarpa  (Michx.) Elliott was. melanocarpa ) Aronia \u00d7 PRUNFOLIA  (Marshall) Rehder (His.: Crataegus prunifolia  (Marshall) Baumg. , Mespilus Prunifolia  Marshall , Photinia floribunda  (Lindl.) K.R.Robertson & J.B.Phipps , Pyrus Floribunda  Lindl. ): She is a natural hybrid of Aronia arbutifolia \u00d7 Hawn honeyocarpa And is in the Canadian provinces of southeastern New Brunswick, Nova Scotia as well as Quebec and in the US states Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia, Northern Illinois , Wisconsin, Kentucky, western Maryland, North Carolina and Virginia. No longer for the genus Aronia belongs to the fellow pulp berry because it Aronia  Medical. and Sorbus  L. is. Such hybrids become too Sorbaronia  C.K.schneid. placed: Aronia mitschurinii  A.K.skvortsov & Maitul. \u2192 Sorbaronia mitschurinii  (A.K.Skvortsov & Maitul.) Sennikov . [3] Hybrids between Hawn honeyocarpa and Sorbus aucuparia become Sorbaronia deceptive  (C.k.schneid.) C.K.Schneid. called. [3] There is also the intergenerean hybrid Sorbocotoneaster  Pojark . This includes the natural hybrid between Sorbus aucuparia  L. and Cotoneaster laxiflorus  Lindl. = Sorbocotoneaster pozdnjakovii  Pojark . [3] Aronia -Sorts [4] are little susceptible to plant diseases. The high flavonoid concentration in the shell makes them insensitive to external influences such as ultraviolet radiation or pests. The two types most frequently grown due to their apple fruits are the felt -like apple berry ( Aronia arbutifolia ) and the black apple berry ( Hawn honeyocarpa ). The fruit -building use began at the beginning of the 20th century by the Russian biologist and fruit breeder Iwan fellow, who was said to have crossed the Aronia around 1910 with other types of fruit such as wheels and diocese or at least refined them. [5] In Germany, the apple berry is mainly grown in Saxony, Brandenburg and Bavaria. About 86% of the overall German harvesting amounts were generated here in 2016. [6] Around 470 tons were harvested in 2015. [7] According to the Federal Statistical Office, around 1,100 tons were harvested to almost 560 hectares in 2016. The acreage rose by about 41% compared to the previous year 2015. In 2019, the area was 959 ha with 1127 t of yield. [8] In Austria, the apple berry was first planted in 2001 by six farmers in Southeast Styria. [9] A continuously increasing number of companies have meanwhile Association Aronia Austria Combined in Feldbach. [ten] In 2019, around 1560 tons were harvested in Austria on the area of \u200b\u200b537 hectares. [11] Aronia has been grown in Switzerland since 2007 [twelfth] . The entire acreage is 77 ha (2019). [13] Almost all producers are organized in the IG Aronia association (50 members 2018 [twelfth] ). The Swiss harvest of Aronia Swiss and Land H\u00fcttwilen . The pea-sized, black, often wax-like fruits that can be harvested from mid-August to October taste sweet and sour, and similar to the blueberry. The berries are either dried (such as raisins), processed into a jam (for example together with oranges), or drunk as a juice for vaping juicers. They are often processed in homemade fruit smoothies in a ground form. Due to the high flavonoid, folic acid, provitamin-A, vitamin B2, vitamin K and vitamin C content [14] counts the Aronia in Poland and Russia to the medicinal plants. In Vitro it was demonstrated that fruit extract of Hawn honeyocarpa significantly reduced the oxidative stress, caused by surgery or in various phases of chemotherapy, in patients with invasive breast cancer thanks to its antioxidative effect. [15] Because of its strong red color (anthocyan), it is also used as a replacement for food colors (especially Cochenillerot A). Like many vegetable foods, apple berries also contain cyanogenic glycosides, with the hydrocyanic acid content of fresh fruits typically about 0.6 to 1.2 milligrams per 100 grams. According to the Max Rubner Institute, the enjoyment of small portions is harmless. The hydrocyanic acid content is reduced by heating, so that accordingly processed fruits can also be consumed regularly. [16] Fruits and leaves  Sigrid Gr\u00fcn, Jan Neidhardt: Aronia – undiscovered medicinal plant . Edition Bunt dog, Regensburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-934941-39-7.  Helmut Pirc: Wild fruit and rare fruit start in the home garden . Stocker, Graz \/ Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-7020-1212-0, S.  89\u201393 .  Aronia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Abgerufen am 18. Mai 2014. Aronia in der Flora of North America, Vol. 9. Map with all linked pages: EIGHT | WikiMap  \u2191 a b c d   Aronia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Abgerufen am 18. Mai 2014.  \u2191 a b  Robert Zander: Zander. Hand dictionary of plant names. Edited by Walter Erhardt, Erich G\u00f6tz, Nils B\u00f6deker, Siegmund Seybold. 18th edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5408-1.  \u2191 a b c  Alexander N. Senkov, James B. Phipps: Atlas Flora European Notes, 19-22.  Nomenclatural changes and taxonomic adjustments in some native and introduced species of Malinae (Rosaceae) in Europe. In: Willdenowia \u2013 Annals of the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem , Band 43, number 1, 21. June 2013, S. 33\u201344. Full text pdf.  \u2191  Aronia plant\/varieties\/ accessed on January 23, 2021  \u2191   Andreas Zeitlh\u00f6fler: The fruit -building use of wild fruit trees. (No longer available online.) 2002, archived from Original am 26.\u00a0September 2011 ; accessed on May 18, 2014 (Chapter 2.1, extract from the diploma thesis).   \u2191  Press releases – 1 100 tons of the “health berry” Aronia harvested. Federal Statistical Office (Destatis), accessed on May 16, 2017 .   \u2191  The aronia berry is coming back. The acreage continues to grow – especially in the east of Germany. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. 18. August 2016, S. 22.  \u2191  Aronia cultivation statistics – Aronia Swiss. Accessed on December 16, 2019 (German).   \u2191  Austria -wide brand Aronia Austria. (No longer available online.) Styria Chamber of Agriculture, October 6, 2015, archived from Original am 30.\u00a0April 2018 ; accessed on April 29, 2018 .   Info: The archive link has been used automatically and not yet checked. Please check original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. @first @2 Template: webachiv\/iabot\/stmk.lko.at   \u2191  Aronia Austria – the companies. Association Aronia Austria, accessed on April 29, 2018 .   \u2191  Statistics Austria: fruit harvest in 2019 from earnings plants . In: Statistik.at . 27.\u00a0November 2019 ( Statistik.at [accessed on March 8, 2020]).   \u2191 a b  Development – IG Aronia Switzerland. Accessed on November 13, 2018 .   \u2191  Berries construction area 2019 – Swissfruit. (PDF) (no longer available online) archived from Original am 20. June 2020 ; accessed on March 8, 2020 .   Info: The archive link has been used automatically and not yet checked. Please check original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. @first @2 Template: Webachiv\/Iabot\/www.swissfruit.ch   \u2191   ApfelBeere.org: Properties of the apple berry. Accessed on May 18, 2014 (Tables with vitamin and anthocyan content of the apple berry. What kind or variety the information includes does not show).   \u2191  Magdalena Kedz\u0119ska, Beata Olas, Barbara Wachowicz, Rafal Glowacki, Edward Bald, Urszula Czernek, Katarzyna Szyd\u0142owska-Pazera, Piotr P\u0142o\u0142omski, Janusz Piekarski, Arkadiusz Jeziorski: Effects of the commercial extract of aronia on oxidative stress in blood platelets isolated from breast cancer patients after the surgery and various phases of the chemotherapy. In: Phytotherapy , (2012), 83: S. 310\u2013317. PMID 22101070 . Two: 10.1016\/J.Fitote.2011.11.007  \u2191  Aronia berries and aronia juice , Institute for Food and Bio-Process Technology, accessed May 26, 2017  "},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/appelbeereren-wikipedia-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Appelbeereren \u2013 Wikipedia Wikipedia"}}]}]