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He Urbanistic planning O urban planification It is the set of technical and regulatory instruments that are written to order land use and regulate the conditions for transformation or, where appropriate, conservation. It includes a set of essentially projective practices with which an management model is established for a spatial field, which generally refers to a municipality, an urban area or an area with a neighborhood scale. ^{[ first ]} ​

Urban planning is related to geography, architecture, transport engineering and civil engineering insofar as they order spaces. It must ensure its correct integration with urban infrastructure and systems. It requires a good knowledge of the physical, social and economic environment that is obtained through analysis according to the methods of geography, sociology and demography, economics and other disciplines. Urban planning is, therefore, one of the specializations of the profession of Urbanist Independent academic discipline.

However, urbanism is not only planning, but also requires management which entails political-administrative organization.

Urban planning is specified in Urban plans , technical instruments that generally comprise an informative memory about the background and justification of the proposed action, mandatory norms, plans that reflect the determinations, economic studies on the viability of the action and environmental on the conditions it will produce. ^{[ 2 ]} ​

Urban planning establishes decisions that affect property right, so it is necessary to know the structure of the property and establish what the impact of private property conditions on the viability of the plans can be.

Background [ To edit ]

There are disagreements on neutrality in the point of view of the current version of this article or section.

In order to plan we start from the concept of policy.

It has a social democratic origin, which conceives the plan as a globalizing element (the plan conceived as a perfect strategy of social democratic intervention techniques) capable of forming an effective regulation framework for constructive activity, regulating the relations between the forces that represent faced interests .

In free market societies, the social democratic conception of urban practice, that is, the practice of the plan, will be the mechanism that “formally” imposes a regulatory order (almost always the form is the support of the decision) through which, so layer to provide guarantee to the free right through the installation of a regulatory order, it is hidden, in fact, the instrumentation of intervention policies that lack justification from the point of view of the doctrinal system of free market economy societies. Such practices are not usually perceived as illegitimate – we always speak of an illegitimacy of doctrinal and political order – although they are considered, and in effect they are, as factors that disturb the free development of the economic plans of private agents, which are the ones who, in These types of societies effectively and legitimately star in economic life and social progress

Manuel Ayllón, p. 166.

Under this prima conceptual approach the global about the spontaneity of the initiative that is forced to promote actions beyond all logic, based on urban classification and qualification techniques.

Urban planning in various countries [ To edit ]

Chile [ To edit ]

In Chile there are a variety of communities where people live. These are established differently and have different needs and are divided in several ways. The urban division of Chile could be expressed as follows:

• Barrios where there is a little more space than in the neighborhood, around 500 meters. It has about 10,000 inhabitants and less than 3,000 homes. In this, free spaces are playing and sports. 2 m² per inhabitant is required on scale.

• Communes, larger than the neighborhoods, is the minimum urban group, about 800 to 1000 meters, only has landscaped areas. It has about 30,000 inhabitants and less than 10,000 homes. On a scale, 5 m² per inhabitant is required, these are the landscaped air or urban parks as it can also be called, in these cultural and sports activities can be developed.

• City is very complex and extensive with resting spaces, but those rest space are large landscaped parks. It has about 90,000 inhabitants and 30,000 homes. At least 5 m² are required per inhabitants.

In Chile, planning focuses more on urban land regulation. Before, it focused more on urban centers and did not apply to rural areas despite the fact that most of the natural resources existed, and this because the greater concentration of people was in urban places.
A good example about this are the communes of different sizes, which does not agree with the number of inhabitants that sometimes reside in the area. For example, in Providence one of the least inhabited communes, has many resources and Florida, this commune despite having very few resources has a lot of infrastructure and also many inhabitants. Sometimes this is irremediable because the place cannot be expanded since they have other communes around them, as is the case in Providencia and others that are possible that it expands as in the case of Florida.

How to develop a model of green or possible solution to the problem:

To develop a model of green areas, two examples would have to be incorporated, the first is to link the need for green areas to people and not to the surface. Become aware that the more people more green spaces are necessary, also to link the size of the areas with the density, to the number of inhabitants and not to a percentage of land. Second that the green areas are not all together and these areas with the appropriate space for the place where it goes. Recognize the scales of the place and approach international parameters, and not by scale. For example, not putting a neighborhood square with characteristics of a neighborhood square, as it would not be well established for the place.

The important thing is to look for a balance between areas, not only more than one than another. Soil protection is very important, in addition to the preservation of historical centers and also regulate the constructions, this because in cities and their dynamics there is not much. Also that the needs of people are met for the inhabitants of the different places, because they arise and change according to cultures and other things such as technology. Communities must organize and aspire to define a development model and organize to function. This will allow them to reach prosperity and a better quality of life. It is advisable to have two conditions:

• First, that there is a dynamic in the city, one that allows to select or not investment and development projects.
• Second, that the variables that drive the development of a city are constant and stable over time.

The World Health Organization proposes that the moderate standard should be 9 m², the space that must exist for each person, of green air per inhabitant and the standard of Spain is 13 m² per inhabitant. In Santiago de Chile it can be seen that the average green air per inhabitants is 4.2, that is, it is below international standards and it is estimated that this is why a deficit problem occurs, also because urban parks They require a lot of maintenance and this is very difficult. It is difficult because getting the appropriate monetary value to benefits such as clean air and the use of the parks and said that value is that the inhabitants are willing to pay for living in that area.

Space [ To edit ]

Urban planning is, in Spain, a public activity on all territorial scales, being able to delegate private agents on the lower scale to the municipality, although always under the control of public administration. Urban planning instruments must be oriented to achieve, in their scope, of the general objectives of public urban activity, without prejudice to promoting their own objectives. In application of their objectives, urban planning instruments are legitimized to indicate different determinations on each of the land to which they are applied, even when they present similar characteristics or belong to the same owner.

Its contents are subject to legal demands contained in the national and regional laws, which establish formats for urban planning plans and minimum requirements of urban quality, among which are:

• Conditions of use, intensity of use and building typology (urban qualification): maximum and minimum densities, variety of uses and typologies …
• Form, dimension, area per inhabitant and other parameters of public free spaces. These parameters intend to ensure that there are parks and public gardens in the city in sufficient quantity and conditions. The most advanced laws include determinations on solving these spaces, pavements and trees.
• Surface for plots for public equipment. These parameters allow the administration to have land to be able to execute schools, health centers and other necessary equipment.
• Sounds of land or use free of charges and free to the administration: These assignments include those destined for free spaces and equipment referred to, together with the assignments of buildable plots and the rights to be built in them that the administration receives freely.

As for the system itself, it is organized in three large sets:

• he General planning : written at the municipal scale, it contains the general management determinations that establish the structural management of the entire municipality; Depending on the different urban laws -it is an exclusive competence of the Autonomous Communities, in addition to the starcutural management, it must or may include the promising management of some soils. Depending on the municipality, it can be (names may vary in each regional legislation):
• he Development planning : destined for a neighborhood scale, or, in any case, lower than the municipal, its object is the prorestorized ordination of its entire scope. According to the class and soil category they can be (names may vary in each autonomic legislation):
• The complementary instruments :

Review of urban planning instruments is understood as the total reconsideration of general management determinations, so that its final approval produces the replacement of the revised instrument. Some laws, for example that of the Basque Country, also provide partial review, used when its scope extends to a wide area, so that its modification alters the general management of the municipality. ^{[ first ]} ​

Modification of urban planning instruments is understood as any other change in their current determinations that do not suppose a review.

In Spain, Law 8/2007, of May 28, on land, is the basic legal support of urban planning instruments in terms of conditions for the equality of Spaniards in the right to land property; Although the competence in the matter falls to the autonomous communities exclusively, so each of them has its own urban legislation.
Different planning execution systems are expected.

He Consolidated text of the 2015 Urban Land and Rehabilitation Law In its first additional provision, “urban information system and other information at the service of public policies for a sustainable urban environment,” provides the permanent training and updating of a general and integrated public system of information on land, urban planning and building, with The objective of promoting transparency.

See also [ To edit ]

References [ To edit ]

Bibliography [ To edit ]

• Ayllón Campillo, Manuel: The dictatorship of the urbanists. A manifesto for a free city . TODAY’S THEMES, MADRID, 1995. ISBN 84-7880-520-6.

• Boville, Bethlehem; Sánchez-González, Diego (2007). Territorial Planning and Sustainable Development in Mexico, Comparative Perspective / Planning and Sustainable Development in Mexico, Comparative Perspective . University of Barcelona-Autonomous University of Tamaulipas. p. 465. ISBN 978-84-611-9500-8 .

• Larrodera López, Emilio: Annotations on forty years of urban planning in Spain , Accessories to the course on planning figures and its management . Coam Urban Planning and Housing Commission, Madrid, 1982. ISBN 84-85572-43-2.

• García Medina, José: Urban use mortgage . Head. 2 was lay. Paderchon Callsal Gere, S.I. I are 2008-97-87-87-87-87-77-67-7

• Bascuñán Walker, Francisco / Walker Fernández, Paz / Mastrantonio Freitas, Juan: «Green aerial calculation model in urban planning from housing density». Urban . Chile, 2007 vol. 10 núm. 015., pp.97-1 ISBN 07717-3

• Baeriswyl Rada, Sergio: «New urban challenges and new planning tools». Urban . Chile, 2006 vol. 9 núm. 013., pp.44-4 ISBN 07717-3

• Muñoz Rebolledo, María Dolores: «Environmental dimension in territorial planning instruments». Urban . Chile, 2003 vol. 6 núm. 7., pp.63-7 ISBN 0117-3

• Sánchez-González, Diego; Ledezma-Elizondo, María Teresa; Rivera-Herrera, Nora Livia (2011). Human geography and urban crisis in Mexico / Human Geography and urban crisis in Mexico . Monterrey: Autonomous University of Nuevo León. p. 278. ISBN 978-607-433-688-7 .

• Sánchez-González, Diego. “Approaches to social conflicts and sustainable proposals for urban planning and territory management in Mexico / Approaches to Social Conflicts and Sustainable proposals for urban and regional planning in Mexico.” Social Studies Magazine (42): 40-56. ISSN  0123-885X .

external links [ To edit ]