Double – Wikipedia
The Double is a central method in psychodrama and is also used in other therapy and advisory forms. For example, in mediation it is a tool for translating between parties to dispute in conflict resolution and is therefore a mediation strategy. Difficult content can be transported from one conflict partner to another by the mediator. The mediator presents the statement in such a way that the person addressed understands it and he still recognizes it as his.
A Double is a group member in humanistic psychodrama, which during the protagonist -centered work next to the Protagonist step. In a holistic communication process, supported by body-language alignment, the internal experience of the protagonist is illustrated, conveyed to the group and, among other things, promoted knowledge and insight.
This game is possible through the constant interaction process between the group members as a double and auxiliary ego (teammate), the protagonist and the therapeutic director. It also affects its effect through dynamic processes within the group, which is why the protagonist game can also serve as a group therapy intervention. [first]
Since the double process is to be understood as a communicative process, it always includes properties and effects in a larger context. Neither individual properties of the double nor action mechanisms of individual properties can be seen in isolation without understanding them in a process -related change. It must be taken into account that the relationship structure between the protagonist and double can be expressed in the properties of the double and can be perceived there, so that the properties do not have to be taken into account separately with regard to interactional events. The double does not enter the double process with modified properties, but develops these properties in interactional events with the protagonist. [2]
The doubles described by the protagonist described the doubles of the humanistic psychodrama. If the double z. For example, in such a way that it co -leading the protagonist and helps shape the course of action, the protagonist has gained knowledge, clarity, hope and particularly insight. [2] Raymond Battegay understands an insight into an unconscious motivations in past conflicts and a simultaneous effort for behavioral correction. [3]
With the help of the double, the progressive discovery of one’s own self -image, your own identity during the protagonist game can be presented and experienced in a dialogical conversation. The protagonist is directing that the double has a mediating, supportive, helping function. Insight is created by the protagonist’s own actions and experience, the mediation arises in the game.
Due to the mediation, the conflict party experiences a facilitation of negative feelings.
There is a emotional deepening by slowing down and enriching the conflict. Despite the slowdown, this is an abbreviation for direct dialogue.
Sulery of aggression, disappointments or anxiety are explicitly addressed and correctly labeled.
There is a clearing of minorities and superficial excuses, so that you can concentrate on the essentials again,
And to contact each other with mutual reference and a reaction (feedback).
An extensive empirical examination of the double process by Hans-Werner Gessmann in 1996 describes 10 in its effect on the protagonist double types in humanistic psychodrama, which are characterized by different properties: [4]
| Double type | Characteristics |
|---|---|
| 01 | Is sensitive, listening and accompanying, protagonist -centered and solution -emphasized and causes help, clarity, encouragement and hope for the protagonist to a great extent. |
| 02 | is calm, patient and takes back, only causes peace with the protagonist |
| 03 | recognizes connections (structured), remains on the ball (protagonist -centered), formulates well (cognitive), gives suggestions (creatively) and changes the protagonist highly signifier by giving knowledge, insight, clarity, also solving options, target finding, hope and encouragement |
| 04 | has eye contact with the protagonist and signals consent and solidarity, but has no significant effect for the protagonist |
| 05 | takes over the line, i. that is, it drives the process and makes suggestions. It is a protagonist and action-oriented, as well as imaginative. It is perceived by the protagonist as knowledge, insight, hope, confrontation, activation |
| 06 | is very experienced, spontaneously in relation to the situation of the protagonist and the group, perceives resistance and helps to overcome it. It has a significant effect by activating the protagonist, promoting knowledge and insight ability and conveys clarity and help |
| 07 | Is strenuous, addressed and involved and does no specific effects to the protagonist |
| 08 | Is unsure and rigid in his double behavior, is involved in the protagonist, which is involved in the protagonist, resignation and confusion |
| 09 | is in a hurry, hasty, patronizing and confrontative and thus causes confrontation, shock, confusion and restlessness |
| ten | Is judgmentary, pursues his own concept, urges and wants to realize itself. The protagonist reacts significantly to this |
The following properties of the double are attributed to highly signifier correlations on specific effects in the protagonist:
Provocative behavior in doubles leads to confrontation with the protagonist.
If the double can formulate well, it achieves activation for the protagonist.
If the double relationships see, this leads to clarity with the protagonist.
If the double stays on the ball, this causes knowledge, insight and thinking with the protagonist.
If the double adjusts to the protagonist, help is given and a feeling of calm is triggered.
If the double is very experienced, the protagonist will be activated.
The doubles describe four effect groups:
| Impact group | Effect |
|---|---|
| first | comforting, soothing, hope and encouraging effect |
| 2 | destructive, leading and confusing effect |
| 3 | Calm triggering effect |
| 4 | Insight, solution -oriented, knowledge -giving effect |
Double types that stringent, cognitive, experienced and sensitively act are perceived by the protagonist as helpful in coping with his conflict resolution (type 3, 6, 1, 5), whereas double types that judged, urgent, patronizing (type 10, 9 , 8) were perceived by the protagonist as not helpful or even reinforcing as the conflict.
Since the double process is to be understood as a communicative process, it always includes properties and effects in a larger context. Neither individual properties of the double nor action mechanisms of individual properties can be seen in isolation without understanding them in a process -related change. It must be taken into account that the relationship structure between the protagonist and double can be expressed in the properties of the double and can be perceived there, so that the properties do not have to be taken into account separately with regard to interactional events. The double does not enter the double process with modified properties, but develops these properties in interactional events with the protagonist. [5]
- H.-W. Gessmann, M. Meyer: The importance of aspects of body language in the double process in humanistic psychodrama – an empirical study. In: International magazine for humanistic psychodrama. (Ed. Hans-Werner Gessmann). 3rd year, issue 2, Dec 1997, publisher of the Psychotherapeutic Institute Bergerhausen, Duisburg, pp. 30–51 ISSN 0949-3018
- H.-W. Gessmann: The therapeutic effectiveness of the double method in the humanistic psychodrama. In: International magazine for humanistic psychodrama. (Ed. Hans-Werner Gessmann). 1st year, issue 2, Dec 1995, publisher of the Psychotherapeutic Institute Bergerhausen, Duisburg, pp. 5–23 ISSN 0949-3018
- H.-W. Gessmann: Empirical examination of the therapeutic effectiveness of the double method in the humanistic psychodrama. In: Humanistic psychodrama. I I IVA a Pames Publion These Bib, DiseBurg, in 1996, ISBENE 39,928525252525252-3.
- H.-W. Gessmann: Empirical examination of the therapeutic effectiveness of the double method in the humanistic psychodrama. (pib-zentrum.de)
- A. Fights: The double in humanistic psychodrama. (pib-zentrum.de)
- J. SUPPOSED: Double in humanistic psychodrama. In: International magazine for humanistic psychodrama. (Ed. Hans-Werner Gessmann). 5th year, issue 1, June 1999, publisher of the Psychotherapeutic Institute Bergerhausen, Duisburg, pp. 69–75 ISSN 0949-3018
- ↑ A. Fights: The double in humanistic psychodrama. (pib-zentrum.de) ( Memento of the Originals from March 9, 2013 in Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been used automatically and not yet checked. Please check original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note.
- ↑ a b Hans-Werner Gessmann: Empirical examination of the therapeutic effectiveness of the double method in the humanistic psychodrama. In: Humanistic psychodrama. Band Iv, publishes desiring des bib, Duisburg 1996.
- ↑ R. Battegay: The person in the group. Band III, Huber, Bern 1972.
- ↑ H.-W. Gessmann: Empirical examination of the therapeutic effectiveness of the double method in the humanistic psychodrama. In: Humanistic psychodrama. IV, Verlag des PIB, Duisburg, 1996, ISBN 3-928524-31-3.
- ↑ H.-W. Gessmann: Empirical examination of the therapeutic effectiveness of the double method in the humanistic psychodrama. 1996. (pib-zentrum.de) ( Memento of the Originals from March 9, 2013 in Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been used automatically and not yet checked. Please check original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note.
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