Desk of the Ruhr area – Wikipedia

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The Desk of the Ruhr area is an earlier colloquial, frequently used metaphor [first] For the state capital of Düsseldorf as a former association and administrative seat of many iron and steel-producing companies in the Ruhr area. The cluster of administrative centers of the Montan industry such as the group Mannesmann, Thyssen and Krupp, which had come together in the steelworks association in the early 20th century Industrial Association Service “had become in Germany. [2] [3] [4]

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Sometimes this term is connoted with the “clean” administrative activity compared to the “dirty” production. [5] In his song Bochum Herbert Grönemeyer played with the question “Who is already living in Düsseldorf?” on this aspect.

Often the concept of Düsseldorf is to be underlined as a central place. Because the administrative activity in Düsseldorf has long since expanded to the steering of internationally important corporations, a broad field of company-related services and to capital functions for the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. Even today, Düsseldorf is the headquarters of the Stahl business association and the Stahl Center.

The steel yard before the First World War, a germ cell of the development of Düsseldorf to the desk of the Ruhr area

The “Rhine Tower” from 1913 planned for a height of 500 meters was an expression of the ambitious ambitions of the steelworks association before the First World War: he wanted to set a gigantic sign of his skills above the Rhine in front of Düsseldorf, 200 meters higher than the Eiffel Tower.

In the early 19th century, Düsseldorf benefited to a significant extent from entrepreneurs, especially from the Bergisches Land and from the Eifel. Their iron -producing and metal -producing industries were able to draw greater benefits on the Rhine from new economic opportunities, which resulted in particular from cross -border trade and from the industrialization of the Ruhr area.

As a former residence city on the Rhine, Düsseldorf had numerous “soft” location factors, in particular a comparatively dense structure of cultural institutions and a artistic milieu forming the city society, in which the Düsseldorf Art Academy and the internationally renowned painters of the Düsseldorf school provide the tone. In this way, there were favorable conditions for professional gatherings, conferences and trading fairs. As early as 1852, Düsseldorf was able to establish itself as a leading trade fair location for the Rheinisch-Westfälische industrial area through the Provincial Trade Exhibition for Rhineland and Westphalen. In addition to goods, information was also traded and social contacts were cultivated and it was important to surround it that they surrounded a representative cultural framework.

Since about 1853, the “Zollverländische Eisenhütten- und Bergwerksverein”, the first protective custom-oriented organization of the German heavy industry has been met in Düsseldorf. [6] Since 1861, the Association of German Engineers founded in Düsseldorf, founded in 1856, and the Association of German Eisen Hütten people, founded in 1860. The Langnam Association initiated by William Thomas Mulvany in 1871 can also be regarded as an early impetus for the establishment of political interest groups in the economy. [7] In 1874, the northwestern group of the Association of German Iron and Steel Industrialists established itself in Düsseldorf. This was followed by the Association of German Machinery Fabries, the Association of German Iron Founders, the Association of German Steel Form Found, the Association of German Stainless Steel Works, the Association of German Rieten Factors and the Association of the German Steam boiler and apparatus industries. [8] In addition, from 1904 there was the steelworks association, in which most steel producers in the Ruhr area, soon afterwards, were also connected to the whole of Germany. The steelworks association was a complex, advanced sales cartel of the type of a syndicate, i.e. with a centralized, shared sale. From 1908 this was carried out in the rooms of the steel yard that was still existing today. Before the First World War, about 80 percent of German steel finished products were organized through the steelworks association. [9] This decades between the founding of the empire and the first world war is the essential development window for the reputation as Desk of the Ruhr area viewed. [ten] In publications by the American publicist Frederic C. Howe, Düsseldorf’s then urban development was emphasized as a result of progressive urban planning and the city was referred to as the “City of Tomorrow”. The settlement of the steelworks association was primarily due to the Mayor Wilhelm Marx, who not only promoted the city’s cultural life in his time, laid the foundations of aviation in Düsseldorf and contributed to the establishment of the Düsseldorf industrial club, but also in combination with others Industrialists represented in the city council to provide the steelworks association for the construction of the steel yard free of charge under certain conditions. Private capital and public sector also invested to a large extent in the representative expansion of the city (construction of the port in the Lausward, 1886–1896; construction of the Oberkasseler Brücke, including K-Bahn, 1896–1898; Rhine banking and layout of the first Rheinuferpromenade, 1899 –1902; Orientation of the international industrial and trade exhibition Düsseldorf and construction of the art palace, 1902; construction of administrative palaces: Higher Regional Court, 1910; Royal Prussian government, 1907–1911; Central Administration of the Provincial Association of the Rhine Province, 1910–1911; all buildings with stately office seats Director).

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A number of banks and insurance companies also settled at the emerging financial center of Düsseldorf. [11] [twelfth] In 1875, the Düsseldorf Stock Exchange was an important trading center for securities transactions, which significantly increased the central local importance of the financial center. The state recognition of the stock exchange in 1884 was significantly back on the work of Christian Gottfried Trinkaus. [twelfth] In 1935 she merged under the name Rhenish-Westphalian stock exchange With the stock exchanges of Essen and Cologne, which gave it an outstanding importance for West German economic life. In the 1920s, other industrial groups were added, such as 1921 Phoenix Rhine tube and from 1926 the United Steelworks. In the Third Reich, Düsseldorf remained the most important sales and organizational hub of the carteted German steel industry. The Reich Association of Eisen, a steering association of the Nazi economy since 1942, operated on site the largest of its branch offices. [13]

After the collapse of the Third Reich, Düsseldorf was able to protect himself for the economy of the Ruhr area and Rhineland due to its material and ideal infrastructure. From 1949 to 1952 the international ruhr authority was based there.
Cluster formation towards an important location for companies and company-related service providers was promoted early on by art, commercial and industrial exhibitions such as the Düsseldorf industrial and trade exhibition in 1902 and the development of a banking and stock exchange square. [twelfth] In addition to the development of a trade fair location, the central traffic location on the Rhine with an important railway node and an international transport airport also favors the growth of the business location.

Many companies now fell victim to the structural change and globalization – like the first three: Mannesmann was taken over in an enemy takeover of Vodafone in 2000 and then handled, Thyssen and Krupp fusioned and have now had their headquarters in Essen – but other worldwide operating companies came , partly in their successor, such as E.ON, Vodafone D2 and E-Plus. However, these administrative seats no longer have to do with the Ruhr area.

To what extent the function of the Desk of the Ruhr area Having an impact on the election as the state capital of North Rhine-Westphalia is the subject of historical research. [14] It is indisputable that this positive reputation has led to settlements of the Japanese in Düsseldorf, the development of a Japanese infrastructure and the establishment of the state capital as “crystallization core for Japanese investments in Europe” since the early 1950s. [15] The first branch was that of Mitsubishi. [16]

After the foundation of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Düsseldorf saw himself the center of 1952 as the center of the Rhein-Ruhr city landscape an. [17] Also within the spatial planning concept Rhein-Ruhr metropolitan region And the Metropolitan Region of the Rhineland Economic Development Association is the focus of the state capital and has the highest centrality.

Not only Düsseldorf, but also other cities with central importance for the Ruhr area, such as Essen, are now with the attribute Desk of the Ruhr area characterized. [18] [19] The view can be determined that the function “Desk of the Ruhr area” could have meant more than a mere centralization of administrative functions, especially or prototypically for the time of the cartels and syndicates in the 19th and early 20th century. in 2013 stated that in the vicinity of the syndicate headquarters for steel and coal, i. H. In Düsseldorf and Essen, important regional economic decisions were made, which, over decades, enabled the rise of the Ruhr area to a region with a unique and well thought -out infrastructure. [20] Because of this, he advocates to understand the special “regional economy organizational art” of the syndicates as an intangible cultural asset and to be under the UNESCO World Heritage Protection before it is completely forgotten. Suitable reminder are Düsseldorf and Essen.

  • Desk of the Ruhr area. In: The time. Ed. 23/50, June 8, 1950
  • Reiner Burger: The world is a Düsseldorf. on: faz.net , 9. May 2011.
  • Susanne Hilger: Social capital and regional economic development – the example of Düsseldorf in the 19th and early 20th centuries . In: Gertrude Cepl-Kaufmann, Dominik Groß, Georg Mönich (ed.): Science history in the Rhineland with special consideration of room concepts . Kassel University Press, Kassel 2008, ISBN 978-3-89958-407-3, p. 49. (online)
  1. ↑ Dietrich Henckel: Development opportunities of German cities: the consequences of the association. (Writings of the German Institute for Urban Studies, Volume 86). Verlag W. Kohlhammer, 1993, ISBN 3-17-012682-2, p. 388.
  2. ↑ Helmut Uebbing: Stahl writes history. 125 years of the Stahl business association . Düsseldorf 1999, S. 5.
  3. ↑ Josef Wertschuh: The club with the long name. History of an economic association . Berlin 1932.
  4. ↑ Jens Kirsch: Geography of the German Association. Mobility and immobility of the interest associations with the government parade . Dissertation at the Humboldt University Berlin 2003. Lit Verlag, Münster 2003, ISBN 3-8258-7029-4, p. 117. (online)
  5. ↑ Gerhard Bosch: The labor market in the Ruhr area: 40 years of descent with opportunities for the new beginning (PDF; 267 KB). Publication of the institute work and technology in the portal IAT.EU , accessed on October 3, 2012.
  6. ↑ Manfred Erdmann: The constitutional function of the economy in Germany 1815-1871 . In: Social science treatises. Issue 12, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1968, p. 213 (online)
  7. ↑ Reinhard Mehring: Carl Schmitt: ascent and case. Publish publion C.H.beck, 2009, ISBN 978-3-406-5922224-9, P. 37.
  8. ↑ Susanne Hilger: Social capital and regional economic development – the example of Düsseldorf in the 19th and early 20th centuries . In: Gertrude Cepl-Kaufmann, Dominik Groß, Georg Mönich (ed.): Science history in the Rhineland with special consideration of room concepts . Kassel University Press, Kassel 2008, ISBN 978-3-89958-407-3, p. 57.
  9. ↑ Irmgard Steinisch: Shortening of working hours and social change. The fight for the eight-hour day in the German and American iron and steel industry. 1986, ISBN 3-10104848-0, Pl, 39.
  10. ↑ Friedrich-Wilhelm Henning: Düsseldorf and its economy: On the history of a region. Volume 1, Verlag Droste, 1981, ISBN 3-7700-0595-3, pp. 389ff.
  11. ↑ Michaela Paal: City donations in Germany: strategies between boom and crisis. (Research contributions to urban and regional geography, Volume 4). Lit Verlag, Münster 2010, ISBN 978-3-643-10236-2, p. 40.
  12. ↑ a b c Axel Row: The origin and development of the Düsseldorf banking place. From the beginning of industrialization to the stuxour (1850–1961) . Dr. Kovac, Hamburg.
  13. ↑ Liselotte Eckelberg, the importance of the Reich Associations as part of the economic steering for the commercial economy, Diss. Univ. Hamburg 1944, p. 47.
  14. ↑ See Kurt Düwell: “Operation Marriage”-British obstetrics when founding North Rhine-Westphalia. ( Memento from December 6, 2012 in Internet Archive ) (PDF; 91 KB), Redemanuscript, Düsseldorf 2006, p. 2 ff., Accessed August 28, 2012.
  15. ↑ Volker Güttgemanns: Japanese direct investments in Germany and their regional economic effects using the example of the city of Düsseldorf . Bachelor thesis at the Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische University Aachen, Aachen 2008. Diplomica Verlag, Hamburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8366-1909-7, p. 29. (online)
  16. ↑ Japanese Consulate General Düsseldorf
  17. ↑ Figure 13 in Werner Durth: Düsseldorf: Demonstration of modernity . In: Klaus von Beyme: New cities from ruins. German urban development of the post -war period . Prestel-Verlag, Munich 1992, ISBN 3-7913-1164-6, p. 243.
  18. ↑ Eckhard Bergmann, Karl-Werner Schulte: Real estate economy. Volume 3, Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2005, ISBN 3-486-24447-7, p. 354.
  19. ↑ Frank Gesemann, Roland Roth: Local integration policy in the immigration society. VS publisher, 2009, ISBN 978-3-531-15427-5, S.3.
  20. ↑ Holm Arno Leonhardt: Regional economy organizational art. Proposal to supplement the NRW application to the UNESCO World Heritage Site . In: Forum History Culture Ruhr 2013 (2013), S. 41–42.
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