Jacoonian Architektur – Wikipedia Wikipedia

The Jakobinian architecture is the second phase of the Renaissance in England. It was a further development of Elisabethan architecture and is named after King Jakob I of England, whose reign (1603–1625) was fashionable.

In the reign of King Jakobs VI. From Scotland (also King Jakob I of England), the first essential introduction of Renaissance motifs in freely form in England, which happened through German and Flemish builders and not through Italian. The basic lines of the Elisabethan architecture remained, but the design language was used more consistently and more uniform, both in the floor plans and in the facades. Pillars and pilasters, arched arcades and flat roofs with opened parapets were often used. These and other classic elements appeared in a free, fantastic peculiarity and not in classic purity. Prismatic rustling and ornamental details were mixed, fittings and diamonds that were also typical of the Elisabethan style. This architectural style also influenced the style of furniture and art objects.

Reproductions of classic patterns were already found during the reign Elisabeth I. The First and Chief Grounds of Architecture From 1563 and the rebounds from 1579 and 1584. 1577, three years before Wollaton Hall started building, Hans Vredeman de Vries in Antwerp released a booklet with classic patterns. This issue was nominally based on the description of the patterns of Vitruvius, but the author not only deviated from it in her presentation, but also made suggestions himself, showing how these patterns could be used in different buildings. These suggestions were so extraordinarily decadent that even the author thought it was advisable to publish a letter from a canon of the Church, who said that no detail of his architecture contradicted religion. The Jacobin Architecture owes these publications to the perversion of their forms and the introduction of conflagration and broken parapets that appeared for the first time in Wollaton Hall (1580). In the Bramshill House in Hampshire (1607–1612) and in the Holland House in Kensington (1624) they learned their strongest form.

Other important buildings in Jacobin -style are Crewe Hall in Cheshire, Hatfield House in Hertfordshire, Knole House near Sevenoaks in Kent, Charlton House in Charlton (London), Holland House by John Thorpe, Plas TEG Bridge Between Wrexham and Mold in Wales, Bank Hall in Bretherton , Castle Bromwich Hall at Solihull and Lilford Hall in Northamptonshire.

Although the concept of Jacobin architecture is designated by the architectural style, which predominated in England in the first quarter of the 17th century, its particularly decadent details can be found in Wollaton Hall in Nottinghamshire almost 20 years earlier, and in Oxford and Cambridge there are examples of this Until 1660, not to mention the introduction of the purer, Italian style by Inigo Jones 1619 in Whitehall.

In the years 1607 and 1620, England founded his first successful colonies: Jamestown in Virginia and Plymouth in Massachusetts. Like other settlers in the New World, these men and women created their houses and buildings, which formed the infrastructure of these cities, in a style that resembled the Jacobin of the buildings from the part of England from which they came. those who followed them in the later centuries. So z. B. derived from the local architecture in northeastern England at the beginning of the 17th century, for example, which is still common for houses in Neugin and Nova Scotia. Historians often classify this architecture as a subtype of the American colonial architecture, the First-Period-Architecture is called. However, there are major matches between the architecture of the simpler class at the beginning of the 17th century in England and the American colonial architecture. Because of the low contact between the American colonists and fashion in England, some decisive elements of the Jacobin era often survived King Jakob I of England.

When the Puritans arrived in Neuengland in winter 1620, there was no time to lose because of the bitter -cold weather: many settlers who had come with the Mayflower were very sick and needed houses before the circumstances could be spread further on board. Those who were still healthy enough had to act quickly and so the first buildings in New England were strongly resembled the braided farm farmers of the simple people at home, especially those of East Anglia and Devonshire, with their straw roofs, which were common in England until 1660. However, the material for the blanket of the houses was grass that was found in the salt marches. ^[first] Most of these houses had only two rooms and a simple fireplace in the middle, just as the simple houses in Great Britain have been built since the former Elisabethan period. They had a wooden frame, an underbody and a top floor made of raw boards and space to store the supplies. ^[first] Sales on the excavated remains of the houses of Myles Standish and John Alden , the middle of the 19th and mid -20th century in Duxbury in Massachusetts, a settlement on the other side of the port of Plymouth, which also settled by the pilgrimage fathers and was inhabited for eight years, show that the old houses were very small and narrow, average only 12 meters long and 4.5 meters wide. This roughly corresponds to the size of the houses that lived in the simpler people (especially yomes and small farmers) in England. This could be seen in tax roles from the Jacobin period that have survived to this day.

Example of the original Jacobin architecture in America are z. B. Drax Hall Great House and the St Nicholas Abbey, both in Barbados and Bacon’s Castle in Surry County (Virginia).

1. ↑ ^{a b} Vernacular House Forms in Seventeenth Century Plymouth Colony . The Plymouth Colony Archive Project. Accessed on January 16, 2015.

• M. Whiffen: An Introduction to Elizabethan and Jacobean Architecture (1952).
• J. Summerson: Architecture in Britain, 1530–1830 . Revised edition 1963.
• The Columbia Encyclopedia . 6th edition 2001.