José Bergamine – Wikipedia

José Bergamín Gutiérrez (Born December 30, 1895 in Madrid, † August 28, 1983 in Fuenterrabía near Donostia-San Sebastián, province of Guipúzcoa) was a Spanish writer, poet and dramaturge.

José Bergamín was born as the youngest of 13 children of the lawyer and conservative politician Francisco Bergamín García and a fanatical Catholic. Throughout his life, he tried to reconcile Catholicism and communism. He is attributed to the statement: “With the communists until death … but no step further”.

After studying law, the politically interested José Bergamín newspaper articles began in the magazine led by Juan Ramón Jiménez Index to write. His friendship with Jímenez lasted as long as Miguel de Unamuno. The group of generación del 27 (later GENERATION OF THE REPUBLIC ) He was probably only loosely connected. The criticism is more of a group of generación de 1914. In the period of the second republic, Bergamín held various government offices.

During the civil war, Bergamín was chairman of the Allianz anti -fascist intellectual . He gave Pablo Picasso the order for the painting Guernica For the world exhibition in Paris. In 1937 he was chairman of the International Congress of Writers in Defense of Culture in Valencia. He justified numerous murders committed by communists and Trotskyists during the civil war. After Franco’s victory, Bergamín fled to Mexico via New York, where he lived from 1939 to 1946 and as the publisher of the exile magazine Spain pilgrim and the works of Antonio Machado, Rafael Alberti, César Vallejo, García Lorca and Luis Cernuda in the publisher he founded Seneca operated.

García Lorca had manuscripts and materials for his poem collection in 1936 Poet in New York handed over and asked for the publication, which did not come about because of the outbreak of the civil war.
Bergamín left the English edition of The Poet in New York publish at Norton; The Séneca edition followed a short time later; It has long been controversial whether the arrangement of the poems corresponded to García Lorcas. ^[first]

In 1946/47 Bergamín lived in Venezuela, then went to Uruguay and in 1955 to France. In 1958 he returned to Spain, but left the country again in 1963 Manuel Fraga Irarnes after signing his manifesto against the oppression of the Asturian miners and had been lit his apartment. André Malraux raised him in 1966 to the commodity of the Ordre des Arts et des lettre.

In 1970 Bergamín finally returned to Spain from France. Unhappy about the restoration of the royalty and political development, he joined the Basque autonomy movement and moved to the Basque Country, where he died in 1983.

Bergamín’s mystical style, which is still associated with the traditions of the 19th century, is strongly influenced by Miguel de Unamuno. In his work on the Spanish theater of the 17th century, he traced the confusing cultural blossom of that time. His attachments appeared in 110 magazines, mostly in the Spanish -speaking world. In 2013, 32 previously unpublished poems that were written in exile in Paris were published.

• Mangas and Capirotes: Spain in their Laberinto Theatral of the XVII. Madrid 1933 (Faksimilie 2007), new edition of Buenos Aires 1950.
• The soul in a thread. Mexiko-Stadt 1940 (Seneca).
• The voice off: Dante Dantesco and other essays . Mexico City 1945.
• Return. Barcelona 1962.
• Last time. Madrid 1984.
• Poetic anthology. Madrid 1997.

• Nigel Dennis: José Bergamín. A Critical Introduction 1920–1936 . Toronto: Toronto U. P., 1986

1. ↑ Ernst Rudin: The poet and his executioner? Lorcas poetry and theater in German translation 1938-1998. Kassel 2000, p. 121 ff.