Karl IV. (Spanine) – Wikipedia
Karl IV. (span. Carlos IV , * November 11, 1748 in Portici; † January 20, 1819 in Rome) was the Spanish king of December 14, 1788 until his abdication on March 19, 1808.
childhood [ Edit | Edit the source text ]
Karl was the second son of Charles III. and his wife Maria Amalia of Saxony. He was born in Portici while his father was king of both Sicily. His older brother Philipp was overlooked in the succession of the heir because he was an epileptic and was considered more behind than Karl. Karl had inherited the stature and power of the Saxony line from his mother, a granddaughter of August the strong. In his youth he liked to take the strongest men to be found. However, it was generally perceived as mentally slow and easy to influence.
Before [ Edit | Edit the source text ]
On September 4, 1765, he married his thirteen-year-old Maria Luise von Bourbon-Parma, his thirteen-year-old Maria Luise, his first degree. This wedding should consolidate the relationships between the Bourbons ruling in Spain and Parma. His wife was the dominant part in this marriage even after the description of Francisco de Goya.
When Karl’s father was still alive, Maria Luise ran an intrigue to have the king’s favorite minister, Count Floridablanca. Her goal was to use Pedro Abarca, Count of Aranda, to Floridablanca’s position.
In 1788 his father, King Charles III. From Spain, he became King of Spain and his wife Maria Luise as the wife of Queen of Spain. She soon began to interfere in government business and to keep changing lovers.
Manuel de Godoy, an officer of the Spanish army, was the Queen of Spain’s lover from 1788 to 1808. The youngest of the 14 children of Maria Luise are therefore not highly the physical children of her husband, but come from the connection with Manuel de Godoy.
Reign [ Edit | Edit the source text ]
After Karl had become king in 1788, he dealt almost exclusively with hunting. He left the official business to his wife and thus also Manuel de Godoy, whom the king appreciated despite his relationship with his wife.
When the French Revolution frightened and horror the rulers of Europe from 1789, Karl called the sacred Inquisition at the suggestion of Godoy and his wife. He deeply believed in his divine rights and the sublimity of his person. He wanted to appear as a powerful monarch, although France regarded Spain more as an appendix and his reign was exercised by his wife and her lover. Spain initially joined the first coalition against France in 1793, but then closed an alliance with France in 1798, from which it initially retired after the Battle of Trafalgar.
When Napoleon won the Battle of Jena and Auerstedt, Godoy renewed Allianz with France in 1807, which the Spanish people rejected. In Spain, Godoy’s failures supported the Fernandists who favored an alliance with England.
Abdication and death [ Edit | Edit the source text ]
When Karl learned that his son Ferdinand Napoleon had asked for help against Godoy and marched in French troops in Spain, the royal family fled to Aranjuez. On March 17, 1808, Aranjuez’s mutiny broke out, the king was determined and forced to have Godoy arrested. The following day, his son was celebrated by the people as King Ferdinand VII, but had to return the crown on May 6 after a failed uprising in Madrid. Karl, his wife and Godoy fled to France, where Karl was forced to do without the Spanish throne in favor of Napoleon’s brother Joseph Bonaparte. Karl was awarded a pension and spent the rest of his life with his wife – and her lover Godoy. On January 20, 1819 Karl died in Rome and was in Pantheon of the kings of the monastery El Escorial buried.
The plant genre Carludovic Ruiz & Pav. According to Charles IV and his wife Maria Luise von Bourbon-Parma, the windshield flower family (Cyclanthaceae) is named. [first]
On September 4, 1765, he married Maria Luise von Bourbon-Parma, with whom he had the following children:
- Carlos Clemente (1771–1774)
- Charlotte Joachime of Spain (1775–1830) ⚭ 1785 Johann VI. King of Portugal
- María Luisa (1777–1782)
- Maria Amalia (1779–1798) ⚭ INTEKEL Antonio Pascal (1755–1817)
- Carlos Domingo (1780–1783)
- Maria Luisa of Spain (1782–1824) ⚭ 1795 Ludwig (1773–1803) King of Etruria
- Carlos Francisco (1783–1784)
- Felipe Francisco (1783–1784)
- Ferdinand VII (1784–1833) King of Spain
- ⚭ 1802 Maria Antonia von Naples-Sicily (1784-1806)
- ⚭ 1816 Maria Isabella von Portugal (1797–1818)
- ⚭ 1819 Maria Josepha of Saxony (1803-1829)
- ⚭ 1829 Maria Christina von Naples-Sicily (1806-1878)
- ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: List of eponymic plant names – extended edition. Part I and II. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University of Berlin, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5 Two: 10.3372/Epolist2018 .
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