[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/le-duc-dalbe-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/le-duc-dalbe-wikipedia\/","headline":"Le Duc d\u2019albe \u2013 Wikipedia","name":"Le Duc d\u2019albe \u2013 Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 Work Title: The Duke of Alba Original title: Le Duc d\u2019Albe Frontispiez des Librettos, Mailand 1882 Form: Opera in","datePublished":"2020-05-27","dateModified":"2020-05-27","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/43\/Gaetano_Donizetti_-_Il_duca_d%27Alba_-_cover_of_the_libretto_-_Milan_1882.png\/211px-Gaetano_Donizetti_-_Il_duca_d%27Alba_-_cover_of_the_libretto_-_Milan_1882.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/43\/Gaetano_Donizetti_-_Il_duca_d%27Alba_-_cover_of_the_libretto_-_Milan_1882.png\/211px-Gaetano_Donizetti_-_Il_duca_d%27Alba_-_cover_of_the_libretto_-_Milan_1882.png","height":"300","width":"211"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/le-duc-dalbe-wikipedia\/","wordCount":2779,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4Work Title: The Duke of Alba  Original title: Le Duc d\u2019Albe  Frontispiez des Librettos, Mailand 1882  Form: Opera in four files Original language: French Music: Gaetano Donizetti, Matteo Salvi Libretto: Eug\u00e8ne Scribe, Charles Duveyrier, Angelo Zanardini (Italienische Fassung) Premiere: March 22, 1882 (posthumously) Place of premiere: Roma, Valle Theater Playing time: approx. 2\u00bd hours (Italian version) Place and time of the action: Brussels and Antwerp, 1573 persons        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Italian version of 1882 [first] The Duke of Alba, Governor of the Netherlands in the name of Philips II (Bariton) Sandoval, Captain of the Spanish troops (baritone) Carlos, another officer (tenor) Marcello di Bruges, young flame (tenor) Daniele, Brauer (Bass) Amelia de Egmont, Daughter Egmonts (soprano) Soldiers, Spaniards, Flamen (choir) Le Duc d\u2019Albe (later Italian title The Duke of Alba ) is an opera in four acts by Gaetano Donizetti. The libretto wrote Eug\u00e8ne Skribe and Charles Duveyer. Since Donizetti hired the work at the opera after half, she was only completed 34 years after Donizetti’s death by his former student Matteo Salvi. The first performance in Italian took place on March 22, 1882 at the Teatro Valle in Rome. In the French original language Le Duc d\u2019Albe first listed in Antwerp in May 2012. The action takes place in Flanders in 1573, at the time of the Dutch uprising against the Spaniards when around 18,000 people were executed under Duke Alba.        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4The action and its division into file can differ depending on the version played. Table of Contentsfirst act [ Edit | Edit the source text ] Second act [ Edit | Edit the source text ] Third act [ Edit | Edit the source text ] Fourth act [ Edit | Edit the source text ] Salvi version [ Edit | Edit the source text ] Posthumous premiere [ Edit | Edit the source text ] Framination Schippers [ Edit | Edit the source text ] Version battistelli [ Edit | Edit the source text ] Version Donizetti [ Edit | Edit the source text ] first act [ Edit | Edit the source text ]  The Duke of Alba on a painting by Titian The Duke of Alba was sent to Flanders to suppress the uprising against Spanish rule. The Flemish hero Egmont, Amelia’s father, is sentenced to death by the Duke. Amelia decides to take revenge to kill the Duke and follow the Flemish resistance. The Duke finds that Amelia’s lover Marcello, his long -lost son, is the head of the rebels. His late wife secretly entrusted him with his adversary Egmont for education. The count invites him to join the Spanish troops, which Marcello rejects. His father warns him of dealing with Amelia and the insurgents.        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Second act [ Edit | Edit the source text ] The freedom fighters meet in Danieles Bierstube. Amelia has a guilty conscience because, despite her father’s death, she feels drawn to Marcello. Marcello confesses to her feelings and swears to want to avenge her father’s death.Spanish soldiers enter the restaurant under Sandoval leadership and all take on Marcel with the exception of Marcel, which arouses distrust with his friends. Third act [ Edit | Edit the source text ] The Duke longs for his son’s love. He confesses Marcello that he was his father, but is reversed by him. The insurgents are to be executed in front of the government palace, including Amelia. The Duke promises Marcello her pardon if he addressed him with his father. Marcello responds to the condition and the rebels are pardoned. Fourth act [ Edit | Edit the source text ] Marcello admits Amelia that he is the duke’s son. She asks him to kill the Duke as proof of his love. Torn back and forth between his father and the woman he loves, Marcello hesitates. Later, before the Duke left back to Portugal, Amelia tries to eradicate the Duke in the port of Antwerp as a man. Marcello throws himself on his father to protect him and is unintentionally killed by Amelia. The orchestra occupation of the Italian version of 1882 contains the following instruments: [first] The opera Le Duc d\u2019Albe dates from around 1839, in the Donizetti Roberto Devereux , Favorite and The martyrs tried to gain a foothold in Paris. Donizetti began with the composition in 1838; The contract with the Paris Opera was signed on August 16, 1838. In the following eighteen months, Donizetti worked with interruptions at the opera, as the staging of other operas was busy for the Paris stage. Donizetti had composed the female leading role for Julie Dorus-Gras, a lyrical coloratura soprano. Since the mistress of the new director Leon Pillet, the dramatic mezzo -soprano Rosine Stoltz, did not allow the new opera sung by her competitor, Donizetti hired and turned Favorite to. The unfinished work was forgotten. In 1848, after Donizetti’s death, the Paris opera made an attempt to have the work completed, but gave up the efforts, discouraged by the condition of the manuscript. In 1855 the libretto was rewritten and for Giuseppe Verdi’s opera The Sicilian Vespers used. In 1875 Donizetti’s birthplace Bergamo commissioned the composers Alessandro Nini, Giovanni Bertuletti and Bernardino Zanetti, who were to examine the manuscript. They found that the first act was finished and the second act was almost finished, but only drafts existed by the third and fourth act, apart from the end of the vocal lines composed at the end. In addition, the tenoraria “Anu du Ciel” was removed and in 1840 in Favorite Under the title “Pure Si Pur” (“Spiro Gentil”). Other parts had also been used for other operas. The manuscript was put aside again. Salvi version [ Edit | Edit the source text ]  In 1881, the heirs of Donizettis offered the manuscript to the most important publishing house in Italy Ricordi, which, however, rejected it on the grounds that the work is faithful to the composer’s reputation. Giovannina Lucca (1810-1894), the widow of the competing publisher Francesco Lucca from Milan, bought the manuscript and commissioned the Milanese music college conservatorio Giuseppe Verdi to have the manuscript investigated by the composer Antonio Bazzini, Cesare Dominicenti and Amilcare Ponchielli. These came to the conclusion that a \u201cexperienced and safe hand\u201d could complete the work. Signora Lucca had already signed Donizetti’s former student Matteo Salvi to revise and complete the score. He was assisted by Antonio Bazzini, Dominicenti and Ponchielli. The Libretto by Eug\u00e8ne Skribe and Charles Duveye was transferred to Italian by Angelo Zanardini and adapted to an opera of three files. Since the original names are now through Henri and H\u00e9l\u00e8ne The Sicilian Vesper They were replaced by Marcello and Amelia. He replaced the missing aria “Spiro Gentil” with his own composition “Angelo Casto e Bel”. Hardly any of the original parts were taken over completely, one wanted to avoid being old -fashioned after 40 years. Orchestration and tempos were further developed in the completed score, the timbre was adapted to the time and updated, which was later accused of Salvi. Posthumous premiere [ Edit | Edit the source text ] The premiere took place on March 12, 1882 in the Teatro Apollo in Rome under the musical direction of Marino Mancinelli. Leone Giraldoni sang in the title role, Abigaille Bruschi-Chiatti as Amelia de Egmont and Juli\u00e1n Gayarre as Marcello as well as Hjalmar Frey (Sandoval), Giovanni Paroli (Carlo), Alessandro Silvestri (Daniele) and Romeo Sartori (Tavernierieriere). [2] The performance was sold out at a double admission price and Queen Margarethe of Italy was sitting in the center. The audience was enthusiastic and the opera was performed in Naples, Bergamo, Turin, Barcelona and Malta. But then the work quickly disappeared from the game plans. Irony of fate: Only one melody prevailed, which was sung by many tenors: “Angelo Casto e Bel”. It is practically always attributed to Donizetti, but comes from Matteo Salvi. In 1951, the Italian conductor Fernando Previtali was said to have discovered the tapped score on a flea market in Rome that the conductor used in 1882 at the premiere. On January 12, 1952 the Duca d\u2019Alba listed by Previtali in Rome concert, but in a strongly shortened version. After that there were a few performances in the version of Salvi, then the opera disappeared from the game plans again. Stage design of the Premi\u00e8re of March 12, 1882 Leone Giraldoni sang the title role  Framination Schippers [ Edit | Edit the source text ] At the Festival Dei Due Mondi at Teatro Nuovo in Spoleto, the American conductor Thomas Schippers performed a version he revised on June 11, 1959. Schipper’s practically all the games added by Salvi to get closer to Donizetti’s original version. He newly composed the missing parts in a style that was to remind more of Donizetti. He also used Donizetti’s original “Spiro Gentil” instead of Salvi’s aria “Angelo Casto et Bel”, who had been particularly well received by the audience. Directed by Luchino Visconti, some of them were still used from the premiere of 1882, which had survived the time in a depot. Practically all performances and recordings of the Duca d\u2019Alba Play Schippers version, that of Salvi is rarely played. Version battistelli [ Edit | Edit the source text ] For a French re -performance of the Vlaamse Opera in Antwerp [3] In May 2012, the Italian composer Giorgio Battistelli completed the score with modern inserts and a new conclusion in cooperation with the British musicologist Roger Parker. [4] BattiTelli took over the four acts, the original French text and largely the orchestration of Salvi.The opening of the 4th act was reconstructed with the tenoraria “Angelo Casto e Bel” based on Donizetti’s designs and his orchestration in Favorite.  Version Donizetti [ Edit | Edit the source text ] In February 2016, Opera Rara under Mark Elder released a new admission in French. Only the first two acts composed by Donizetti were recorded. [5] Robert Steiner-Isenmann: Gaetano Donizetti. His life and operas. Hallwag, Bern 1982. ISBN 3-444-10272-0. \u2191 a b  Norrted Miller: The Duke of Alba. In: Pipers encyclopedia of the music theater. Band 2: Factories. Donizetti – Henze. Piper, Munich\/Zurich 1987, ISBN 3-492-02412-2, pp. 18\u201321.  \u2191  March 22, 1882: “Donizetti”. In: The Almanac of Gherardo Casaglia ., accessed on August 3, 2019.  \u2191  Work information on operalounge.de , accessed on July 24, 2019.  \u2191  Work information on ESDF-Opera.de , accessed on July 24, 2019.  \u2191  CD information at Opera Rara, accessed on July 24, 2019.       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