London protocols in Greece – Wikipedia
The London protocols to Greece dealt with the creation of a Hellenic state. In the first London protocol of March 22, 1829, the borders of the new state of Greece were determined in a paper of three major European powers. In the years 1830 and 1832, modifications to the joint agreements, even after voting with the Ottoman Empire, were made in further protocols.
After the outbreak of the Greek revolution, the great powers had to deal with the situation in the southern Balkans. If the Holy Alliance was originally opposed to the crowd of freedom of the Greeks, the attitude of Great Britain, France and Russia changed after some time. The successful intervention of Egyptian auxiliary troops under Muhammad Ali Pascha in the Balkans and to the lake in favor of the Ottoman Empire made the uprising suppressed. Grand -powered interests, but also known war, led to a change in mood in Europe, and Philhellenen such as Lord Byron supported the Greeks in their struggle for their own state.
On July 6, 1827, Great Britain, France and Russia agreed on an intervention in favor of the Greek revolutionaries in the London contract and asked for an armistice, which was rejected by the Ottoman side. The following sea battle near Navarino on October 20, 1827 set the fleet of the Ottoman Empire as well as out of action. The sultan was also forced to deduct the majority of its army units from Greece because the broken Russian-Turkish war pushed the Russians on the land path to Constantinople in 1828. An gradually emerging defeat on the Turkish side led to considerations by the Allies, as should go on in the region.
The representatives of Great Britain, Russia and France-Foreign Minister George Hamilton-Gordon, 4. Earl of Aberdeen, Messenger Christoph von Lieven and Jules de Polignac-signed the London minutes on March 22, 1829. The regions of Central Greece, the Peloponnes and the Cyclades were declared the independent state of Greece. His border should then run from the Gulf of Arta in the west to the Gulf of Volos in the east. An annual share of 1.5 million Turkish piasters on the sultan was planned for the new state, under which he was supposed to remain. A Christian prince should receive Greece from the Sultan as a fief and the first choice of the ruler of the three powers and the high gate should be done together.
However, the Greek President Ioannis Kapodistriad refused to recover all Greek blockades apart from the area of Morea and the Cyclades and to withdraw the Greek corps from Livadia, Epirus and Attica. The military advances of the Russians to Adrianople came to the aid of the Greeks and suddenly changed the situation. Russia was not considerate of British concerns of weakening the gate and forced the Ottoman Empire in the Peace of Adrianopel on September 14, 1829, in advance to give approval to change the London contract. The inferior opponent of the war actually recognized the future independence of Greece.
In the London protocol of February 3, 1830, the provisions were changed to the fact that Greece should form a completely independent and tribute -free state under its own king. As its northern border, a line running west of the outflow of the Aspropotamos to Vrachori to the Gulf of Malia was determined; Euböa, the Kykladen and the island of Skyros should also belong to Greece. Furthermore, the crown of Greece Prince Leopold of Saxony-Coburg was carried, which, however, did without the crown and instead became the Belgian king.
The regional festival was found a few months later, in the London protocol of August 18 jul. / 30. August 1832 greg. , again concretized by the three protective powers. The new state of Greece now included the Peloponnes peninsula and a few its obvious islands, the mainland south of the Gulf from Arta to the Gulf of Volos, the island of Euböa, the Cyclades and the northern Sporades. [first]
The sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire were subject to Thessalia, Epirus, Macedonia, Crete and most islands.
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