Ottoman-Saudischer War-Wikipedia
The Ottoman-Saudi war (also known as early Arab revolt ) was an argument between the Ottoman Empire under Mahmud II and an alliance of Bedouin tribes in the area of today’s Saudi Arabia led by Saud I. Ibn Abd al-Aziz, from 1814 by his son Abdallah I. Ibn Saud.
Muhammad ibn Saud from the dynasty of the Saud in 1744 closed an alliance with Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb, the founder of the Wahhabit. In his future Reich, Ibn Saud promised to enforce the Wahhabi interpretation of Koran and Sunna as solely permanent, Ibn Abd Al-Wahhab, on the other hand, assured that the Saudi ruler’s claim to be legitimized religiously. Due to this connection of the distribution of Islam in Wahhabi perspective and the power interests of the Saud family to date, tribes from the highlands of Nadschd began to submit the Bedouine tribes and soon moved to the outskirts of the Arabian Peninsula. After a campaign against Kerbela, where they killed thousands of residents in 1802 and looted the Imam Husain shrine, they conquered the cities of Mecca and Medina, which were under the protection of the Ottoman Empire.
The Ottoman Empire, which was in the middle of a phase of change and was busy with wars against Europe and Russia, reacted late. Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II wanted to restrict the new power in Central Arabia and gave his Egyptian governor Muhammad Ali Pascha the command five years later to carry out a campaign against the Saudis. The commander of the Egyptian army was Ibrahim Pascha, the son of Muhammad Ali Pascha from 1816.
As early as 1812 and 1813, the Ottomans had recaptured Medina and Mecca and prepared for a campaign in the Najd, but Serratkuli were also mobilized.
However, the Ottoman troops from Egypt (20,000 men) had big replenishment problems that could only be solved after Muhammad Ali Pascha took command in Arabia. In January 1815, Muhammad Ali managed to teach Saudis a serious defeat under Faisal between Turaba and Kulakh in Naschd, and the Ottoman army had previously been able to win six battles. The conquest of Diriyya, the then capital of the Saudi Empire, could initially be prevented, since Muhammad Ali was distracted by the unrest of the mamling in Egypt and concluded a peace treaty with Abdallah I.
In 1817, Muhammad Ali had the war continued by his stepson Ibrahim Pascha, who was successful in May in May. In March 1818, the Ottoman troops reached Ibrahim Diriyya and forced the capitulation of the city after very violent fights and six months of siege with severe artillery in September. Abdallah I. Ibn Saud fell into Egyptian captivity and was delivered to the Ottomans. On December 17, 1818, he was executed in Istanbul by beheading with a sword, previously he was sentenced to death by a court for “corruption on earth”, “division of Muslims” and “Rebellion against the caliph”. A large part of the Saudi clan was deported by Ibrahim to Cairo and Istanbul. The following year, Diriyya was completely destroyed by the Ottoman army. The ruinous districts Al-Turaif and Cross are a goal for local tourists in Saudi Arabia today.
- Cem Publications: (History of Türkiye 3) Ottoman Empire 1600–1908 . Istanbul 2000, ISBN 975-406-565-9.
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