Prigrevicica – Wikipedia
Prigrevica ( Serbian-Cyrillic Priglica ) is a village in the Opština Apatin in the West Batschka district (Zapadna Bačka) of the autonomous province of Vojvodina in Serbia with around 4,000 inhabitants. In German the place is called Batsch-belly , less common too Sankt Johann an der Schanze .
As well as Scentyvan as well as the one mentioned in 1361 Zenthyvan , both times in Hungarian Saint To read, mean in German Sanktiwan, derived from “Saint John the Baptist”. Since there were other towns consecrated to St. John, Sentiwan also received the nickname “next to the ski jump” – based on the small Roman hill from Apatin, which passed south of Sentiwan. The Roman hills from 1726 mentioned by Ferdinand von Marsigli could also be or probably more earth walls that were created in the 4th century against the ongoing Danube floods. The Serbian variant St. John Prigrevica is a translation of “Heiliger John next to the ski jump”, literally: Sveti Ivan at the crubs . It later became Sveti Ivan Prigrevica. According to Cothmann, however, there were four independent community in 1763 – before German colonization – on the district of Sentiwan: Sveti Ivan, Prigrevicza, Gyurity and Neority. From 1948 in Yugoslavia – with a few exceptions to the Adriatic – the sacred names were left out for place names, so that the place has only been available since then Prigrevica is called.
middle Ages [ Edit | Edit the source text ]
The place was created in the late Middle Ages in the densely populated commentary of the Kingdom of Hungary as a so -called church town and was first mentioned in 1318 as Scentyvan.
Ottoman Empire [ Edit | Edit the source text ]
The 150-year rule of the Ottomans led to the devastation and depopulation of the Pannonian lowlands. Nomadizing southern Slavs were already tolerated by the Turks, existing towns have already taken over or founded new settlements. However, the turbulence at that time generally did not allow sustainable settlements. In Sentiwan, the traces of the first Slavic settlers go back to 1554. According to Ottoman records (Defter), 1790 already lived in today’s Sentiwan. In the composition of the commentary from 1698, Sentiwan is again listed as a bold village (as one of 150 abandoned settlements). 50 years later, however, there must have been a larger number of Slavic families, because in 1750 two “Pravoslav pastors on site” are listed.
Habsburg monarchy [ Edit | Edit the source text ]
After the victory of the Austrians against the Ottomans (1697) under Prince Eugen near Zenta and the subsequent peace treaty of Karlowitz (1699), the Ottoman Empire and a. the Batschka cede to Austria. After the emperor’s impopulation spade appeared (“.. for better recording, recovery and population of the same”), the Vienna Hofkammer was planned for an immediate new settlement of the Batschka, which, however, was soon set up due to the priority of the military border (Pantschowa, Temeswar, etc.). As the actual resettler of the “Batscher District” – as the official expression was now called – the court chamber council Anton von Cothmann used under Empress Maria Theresia can be viewed. His activity falls into the time of the second big Swabian train (1763–1773). In his letter from May 1763 to Pressburg, the then seat of the Hungarian court chamber, Cothmann repeats his proposal to move the “Sankt Iwaner Raizen” (Serbs) into the Stanišić 25 km north and to replace the place with German colonists. Cothmann justified his proposal u. This means that 75 Serbian families would be too little in order to be able to cultivate the four districts. The Empress Maria Theresia then wrote that the Serbs should be “with good Arth and voluntarily”. In 1765 Cothmann was able to report to the Empress successful: “The Orthodox Raizen went to other places in accordance with the above -mentioned gracious royal decision”.
May 13, 1763 is the founding day of the newly founded town of Batschintiwan and today’s place Prigrevica. On this day, 41 German colonist families settled in Sentivan, who previously came to Apatin with the Ulm box. Five years later, the municipality already consisted of 231 families with 500 souls. 62 families came from Lorraine alone. According to the “Summarium from 1768”, 139 farmers and 66 craftsmen were among the 231 families. 235 houses were built by the colonists themselves. The colonists were freed from all taxes for the first three years, after which a tenth of the yields had to be paid to the camera administration. A land register was created in 1780. Sentiwan consisted of five streets with 330 house numbers. In 1788 the Catholic Church was built with a church tower height of 43 meters. The sewage system of the wastewater was started in 1882. In 1890 the paving road was completed from the train station to the end of Kirchgasse. On January 1, 1905, the previous place name Prigrevica Szent Iván was ordered by the royal. Ministry of the Interior changed to “Bácszentive”.
After the First World War, Sentivan fell to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia according to Trianon’s peace treaty. As a first official act, the Hungarian money was stamped and the place name in Prigrevica Sveti Ivan was changed. The first newspaper “Kleine Wochenblatt” printed in the municipality goes back to 1923. The editor was Johann Stefan. Josef Blechl’s “Deutsche Volkszeitung” followed ten years later. In 1937 Sentivan was considered the media center of the Danube Swabians in Yugoslavia with seven printed newspapers.
Industry and craft until World War II [ Edit | Edit the source text ]
Until the expulsion of the German population, there were the following business in Prigrevica:
- 26 academic professions (doctor, teacher, notary, …)
- 22 industrial companies (including 13 Hemffabriken)
- 2 financial institutions
- 35 shops (including 6 textile transactions)
- 277 commercial businesses (including 10 inns and a women’s having)
Prigrevica in World War II [ Edit | Edit the source text ]
At the beginning of the Second World War, all defensive men in the place were drafted into military service by the Yugoslav army. After the surrender of the Yugoslav army, the German men switched to the Hungarian army, but were also called to report voluntarily in the SS. However, since this call was practically unsuccessful, all tangible men from 1900 to 1924 were forced. The recent years were brought to basic training according to Prague and then ordered to the Eastern Front. The majority of the older vintages reported to the “Hipo” (auxiliary police) to avoid military service.
In April 1942, the 7th mountain division “Prinz Eugen” was set up, to which all military German men from Vojvodina were collected from 17 to 50 years old, provided that they were not indispensable in agriculture. With the list of the “Prince Eugen”, Himmler for the first time was dropped the “racial selection” and the “voluntary principle” for the Waffen-SS. The Prince-Eugen Division operated mainly in Bosnia and in Serbia, which is why their soldiers were later declared national overran by the Yugoslav government.
Prigrevica after the Second World War [ Edit | Edit the source text ]
After the German population was expelled by the partisans, a vacuum was created in the administration. The Hungarians, who remained in the village, initially set up a village guard, which, however, was immediately dissolved by the Yugoslav People’s Liberation Committee, the chair of which a Serbian shepherd appointed himself. However, this was soon replaced by the partisan captain Nikola Popović due to success and incompetence, who then also organized the new colonists from the Lika.
On October 29, 1944, Prigrevica expected the first transport of his future residents from the Lika, where Serbian villages were initially destroyed by the Ustascha and then by the Wehrmacht during the war. Among the new settlers were also Middle Country Citizens from Croatian villages, who had “proven” themselves during the war. As a rule, the colonists came from Gospić or its surroundings.
- 1900: 5054 inhabitants, including 4812 Germans, 195 Hungary, 47 others
- 1910: 5416 inhabitants, including a majority of 4514 Germans
- 1991: 4842 inhabitants, including 89.3% Serbs and 7.4% Yugoslavs
- 2002: 4781 inhabitants, including 95.6% Serbs
After 1991, the population structure changed again in favor of the Serbs, since many (especially young) Hungary and Croatians fled to Hungary or Croatia for fear of recruiting the Yugoslav Army. In addition, like most towns in Vojvodina, Prigrevica had to take out numerous Serbs (Licani from the Croatian Lika) and Serbian refugees from Bosnia, later also from Kosovo.
- Stefan Augsburger (1856–1893), pastor of Sentivan (Prigrevica) from 1878 to 1893 and for three legislative periods in the Budapest parliament.
- Željko Rebrača (* 1972), basketball player of the NBA and international for Yugoslavia, born in 1972 in Prigrevica.
- Local Sip book BatschStiwan, 1763–1827, by Jakob Schuy and Paul Scherer, Lappersdorf: Research Foundation Mittelbatschka, 1992
- Heimatbuch Batschstiwan, history of a large -scale Donauschwäbische in the Batschka between the Donaus and Theiß, Anton Tafferner, Hans Gassmann, Heidelberg: Homeckergemeinschaft Batschstiwan, 1980
- Hans Gassman/Ernst Jäger: Our beautiful Batschentiwan . Regensburg 1985
- Milenko Beljanski: Bokcenovic-Seven-Pregrey . Sombor
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