Prunus serotine – Wikipedia, free encyclopedia

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He Creole cherry ( Punus Serotina ) American black cherry [ 2 ] The CAPULIN It is a tree from the Rosaceae family, originally from North America of the East of Southern Quebec and South Ontarium to Texas, the Central Florida and the East and West of Mexico. It is a species of the subgenre Soles With the flowers in clusters, and is a deciduous tree that grows 15-30 m high. The leaves are simple, 6-14 centimeters long, with the serrated margin. The fruit is 1 centimeter in diameter and is something astringent and bitter if it eats fresh, the birds also consume it, for whom astringency is not unpleasant. Is closely related to the Capulin of Virginia ( Pruus Virginians ), from which it differs by the largest leaves and cherries, that when they are mature they are black, not red. It is also confused with the Capulin : Prunus salicifolia from Mexico. In Europe it is confused with the cherry alia ( Prunus soles ), from which it differs by the leaves, which are brilliant, and the flowers, which appear later ( serotino means late ), a few weeks after the leaves. Therefore, in many languages ​​(French, Italian, German), this species is called Late cherry tree .

Classification and description [ To edit ]

Prunus , from Latin that means plum and serótina which means late. Species of plant that belongs to the Rosaceae family. Capulín, also known as Capulincillo, Mexican Cherry or American Black Cerez, belongs to the Rosaceae family. Tree or shrub, deciduous, 5 to 15 m high with a diameter at chest height up to 1.2 m. Leaves, simple, alternate, shortly petiolate, ovate to lanceolates and sawn margin. Coffee or grayish cortex almost smooth, except the tender branches that are sometimes pubescent. Hermaphrodite flowers, numerous, small and white, grouped into hanging and long axillary clusters, 10 to 15 cm. The fruit is a globose drup approximately 1 centimeter in diameter, reddish black in maturity, bittersweet taste and something astringent containing a single seed. Spherical seed and surrounded by a woody bone (almond) of bitter taste. [ 3 ] ​

Distribution [ To edit ]

It is found in the mountainous regions of the Valley of Mexico, Guanajuato, Jalisco and Chiapas. It is also distributed in other states of Mexico such as; Chihuahua, Coahuila, Federal District, Durango, Hidalgo, Michoacán, Morelos, Oaxaca, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas and Veracruz. It is located in other countries such as the east part of Canada and the U.S. It was introduced to Europe in the seventeenth century and currently throughout the European continent. [ 4 ] ​ [ 3 ] ​

It develops on accentuated slopes and is found in cultivation areas. Inhabits temperate and cold places of Mexico, from 800 to 2600 meters above sea level or more, it thrives in stony, shallow and deep organic matter. Secondary species, it is intolerant in the shade, it develops mainly in clear (pioneer). Dominant species in secondary succession. It is established well after disturbances such as fire, felling and cyclones. [ 4 ] ​

Punus Serotina It was described by the Swiss botanical pharmacist Jakob Friedrich Ehrhart and published in Garden calendar 3: 285 In 1783. [ 5 ] ​

Etymology

See: Prunus: Etymology

serotine : Latin epithet that means “late” [ 6 ] ​

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Accepted varieties

State of conservation [ To edit ]

It is a native species of America. Present in the backyard in many rural communities, its cultivation is incipient as far as it is known is only in the state of Puebla. [ 4 ] It is usually found in a wild, associated with oak forests, pine pine in grasslands and cultivation areas. The trees are protected and frequently planted in family orchards and in the rural environment in general. [ 3 ] ​

It is not an endangered species and is not threatened, however, it is important to mention that in some places its local disappearance tends because it is very susceptible to the invasion of parasitic plants.

Invasive species in Europe [ To edit ]

The black cherry tree was introduced in Europe in 1623 as an ornamental plant and since the nineteenth century it has been used for forest repopulation. Today, its distribution area has been extended to almost all of Europe and often enters into direct competition with native forest species; makes the diversity of the flora reduce considerably. The seeds of this species are dispersed by birds and can remain up to five years in the forest ground before germination. [ 7 ] That favors the rapid diffusion of the black cherry tree, especially after the forest exploitation talas.

Fruits fresh from the tree in Cajamarca.

Capulín in the Andes [ To edit ]

It is usually a plant also dispersed in the Andes, in areas of tempered climate such as in parts of Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. In the Peruvian town of Cajamarca the plant begins to bloom and bear fruit in the first quarter of the year; The tree is used in traditional parties known as unshas .

Properties [ To edit ]

Of the capuline The leaves, the buds, and the branches, for traditional medicine purposes are used; and fruit for its nutritional value. [ 8 ] ​

The leaves and the buttons of this plant are used to calm the cramps, and the discomfort of rheumatism. [ 9 ] It is considered effective to combat the discomfort of the flu, it has expectorant properties, relieves coughing accesses, so it is used for bronchitis, cough, drowning and bluish color due to lack of oxygen, the cold of the respiratory tract and convulsive cough.
External use : In the Andes, in southern Ecuador the Capulí branches are used, sometimes together with other plants for several clean ceremonies.
Active principles : The leaves contain an essential oil, fat, resin, tannin, tonsil, a brown pigment and mineral salts. The bark contains brown pigment, tonsil, starch, gallic acid, fat, calcium, potassium, and iron. The cortex, leaves and seeds, in contact with water, release hydrogen cyanide or hydrogen cyanide (HCN), for this reason it must be manipulated carefully.
Contraindications : Do not ingest preparations containing capulí leaves in high doses, or for prolonged periods, due to the cyianhydric acid that releases its leaves, cortex and seeds.

References [ To edit ]

  1. ↑ Punus Serotina and plantlist
  2. ↑ Vulgar name preferred in Spanish, in Trees: field guide ; Johnson, Owen and More, David; Translator: Pijoan Rotger, Manuel, ed. Omega, 2006. ISBN 978-84-282-1400-1 Spanish version of the Collins Tree Guide
  3. ↑ a b c Vázquez-Yanes, C., A. I. Batis Muñoz, M. I. Alcocer Silva, M. Gual Díaz and C. Sánchez Dirzo. 1999. potentially valuable trees and bushes for ecological restoration and reforestation. Technical Report of the J084 Project. Conabio – Institute of Ecology, UNAM.
  4. ↑ a b c Páez -reyes L. M., J. Sánchez–Olarte, M. Velasco -Tores, J. F. Álvarez -Guxola and a. of the ranchs. ra Ximhai vo. 9 No. 1. January- April. Journal of Society, Culture and Sustainable Development. The Autonomous Autonomous University of Mexico, Mochicahui, the Fueri Sinaloa. PP 109-1
  5. ↑ Punus Serotina In tropics
  6. ↑ In botanical epithets
  7. ↑ Fulvio Enrico Caronni. The case of late cherry cherry (Prunus serotina ehrh.) At the Lombard Park of the Ticino Valley. (EN Italian) 2008
  8. ↑ (PASS), 2008. Pg. 114 A 118.
  9. ↑ Cease – Swiss intercooperation. 1993

Bibliography [ To edit ]

  1. jørgentsen, Q. M. & S. León-Yánez. (EDS.) 1999. Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri bot. Gard. 75: I–Viii, 1–1181
  2. Killeen, T. J., E. García Estigarribia & S. G. Beck. (eds.) 1993. GUIA ARB. Bolivia 1–958. National Herbarium of Bolivia & Missouri Botanical Garden, La Paz.
  3. Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles & C. R. Bell. 1968. Man. Vasc. Fl. Carolinas i–lxi, 1–1183. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
  4. Schwegman, J. E. 1991. The Vascular Flora of Langham Island, Kakakee County, Illinois. Erigenia 11:1–8
  5. Scoggan, H. J. 1978. Dicotyledoneae (Saururaceae to Violaceae). 3: 547–1115. In Fl. Canada. National Museums of Canada, Ottawa.
  6. Voss, E. G. 1985. Michigan Flora. Part II Dicots (Saururaceae-Cornaceae). Bull. Cranbrook Inst. Sci. 59. xix + 724.
  7. Wunderlin, R. P. 1998. Guide Vasc. Pl. Florida i–x + 1–806. University Press of Florida, Gainseville.
  8. Brummitt, R. K. 2011. Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants: 62. Taxon 60(1): 226–232.
  9. Gandhi, K. N., J. L. Reveal & L. Brouillet. 2009. (1886-1887) Proposals to conserve the names Prunus serotina and P. virginiana (Rosaceae) with conserved types. Taxon 58(1): 312–314.

external links [ To edit ]

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