Quartet (Argentina’s musical genre)
He characteristic quartet , it simply cuartet , it is a genre of popular music from the city of Córdoba (Argentina). It is characterized by a cheerful and active rhythm.
In its beginnings, in the 1940s, it was almost exclusively associated with the lower class and the marginal sectors, being despised by the middle and high classes. However, in the 1990s the quartet achieved greater diffusion in the rest of the country, thus beginning a process of acceptance by all sectors of Argentine society, a transformation of public opinion that has been consolidated over time. [ first ] [ 2 ]
On July 4, 2013, the Deliberative Council of the City of Córdoba declared it intangible cultural heritage through ordinance 12205 that was promoted by the Ministry of Culture. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] While on November 20 of the same year the declaration extended to the province by the Legislature of the Province of Córdoba through Law 10174. [ 6 ]
At present, a bill promoted under number 2569-D-2016 is processed with the aim of reaching the same status nationwide. [ 7 ]
Beginnings [ To edit ]
The quartet is a direct heir to the merger of the music that the Italian and Spanish immigrants brought to Argentina, especially the tarantela and the pasodoble, although it was fundamentally created by members of the Creole working class. Because of its hybridization, it is complex to delimit the contributions of this popular music, although there is agreement on the influence of tropical genres of South America, such as the Zuliana, the Jalaíto and El Paseo, of Afro roots.
In its beginnings, it was heard in the semi -rural areas and played by small orchestras of four musicians (hence the denomination, which was extended to the genre) that played piano, accordion, double bass and violin, encouraging the holidays.
In 1943, Augusto Marzano (who also integrated the characteristic orchestra Los Bohemios) formed the Leo characteristic quartet, named in honor of his daughter Leonor, composed of himself in double bass; Fernando Achával as the first voice, soon after José Sosa Mendieta; Miguel Gelfo in accordion; Luis Cabero in violin; and Leonor Marzano herself as a pianist. [ 8 ] She was the one who created the essence of this style by giving priority to rhythmic marking with her left hand (which became known colloquially as half a half ) and accentuate the first half instead of the second (the “tun” stressed and softened the “ga”). [ first ] [ 9 ]
On June 4 of that year they debuted in an audition on the LV3 radio of Córdoba. After that presentation, the orchestra toured different locations in that province and Santa Fe, showing its music. [ ten ]
In 1953 they recorded their first album and in 1956 they appeared on the periphery of the city of Córdoba, on a clue called The Negrito . During the 1960s the band incorporated other members, such as Carlitos Rolán, who took care of La Voz in 1965, and Eduardo Gelfo (son of Miguel Gelfo and Leonor Marzano), who entered in 1968, at the age of 19 years . At the end of that decade the quartet had achieved some popularity in the city center.
Rolán retired from the Leo in 1971, after which he began his solo stage, marked by the replacement of the double bass and piano with the bass and the electric piano.
Popularity [ To edit ]
On July 1, 1967, the Berna quartet debuted, which was made up of Bernardo Antonio Bevilacqua in Piano, Daniel Franco in accordion, Dante Franco in guitar-bajo, Horacio Luna in violin and Carlos “La Mona” Jiménez in voice. This meant the artist’s first appearance, who was 16 years old and had obtained the position after participating in a casting With other forty applicants. [ 11 ]
His first album was recorded in 1969 and was named after With guarason rhythm . [ 8 ] The Mona recorded six albums with the band before leaving it to form the Golden Quartet, in 1972. Its place in the Berna Youth Quartet was occupied by Ariel Ferrari, when the genre already had more diffusion.
The group called Characteristic Quartet the Leo introduced airs of these genres in their repertoire, as evidenced in their 1971 album Long live happiness! On the other hand, one of the quartet songs with best -known bagpipes is The lobizon bagpipe , interpreted by the Golden Quartet in 1974.
Put your chain , one of the first albums of the Golden Quartet, was a failure in sales. However, his next album, entitled Cut your hair stubborn , came to sell 180,000 units, between LPS, cassettes and magazines.
The Mona, originally from Córdoba, retired from the golden quartet to assemble her own solo project, after recording twenty -six albums with the group. In 1984 he launched his first job, For all America , which included the song “La Flaca Marta.” Four years later he debuted in Buenos Aires, at the Atlanta Microstadium, then played at Luna Park and in 1989 in cement.
Expansion to the rest of the country [ To edit ]
In the mid -1980s the quartet was broadcast in the province of Córdoba, the region of Cuy Taken all the wine? On the scene of Rodrigo Bueno, an interpreter who gained great popularity almost immediately throughout the country.
In 1996, Rodrigo launched “the best of love,” work for which he received the ACE prize, but his final take -off was with Cuistering , recorded in Córdoba. Themes such as “And flew, flew” and “eight forty” were the most successful of the album.
During the century xxi , the quartet is still in force, both by classic names and “La Mona” Jiménez and Tru-La-Lá or by new musicians such as Ulises Bueno and Damián Córdoba.
Subgenres [ To edit ]
The quartet, according to its style, is divided into several subgenres.
Traditional quartet [ To edit ]
The quartet itself (also known as Tunga-Tunga) is the original rhythm born of the mixture of the tarantela and the pasodoble. To these, later the influence of rhythms such as the Zuliana bagpipe, the jalaíto and the ride was added. It has been interpreted by the LEO quartet, the Mona Jiménez, Rodrigo Bueno, the golden quartet, the Berna quartet, Heraldo Bossio, and several more, and currently it is still by artists such as Cachumba, Damián Córdoba and Ulises Bueno, among others: among others:
Modern [ To edit ]
This subgenre was admitted to the quartet atmosphere by the Chébere team and is currently touched by many bands. It is characterized by the absence of classical percussion and the strong presence of battery and winds. Its similarity with rhythms such as rock National or the will . It is interpreted by groups such as:
Merenteto [ To edit ]
The Merenteto is a mixture between the Cordoba and merengue quartet. There are two theories of how this subgenre was created: some point to the introduction of wind instruments by Chebere, and others attribute it to singer Jean Carlos, who has Dominican origin, such as the musical genre.
Instruments [ To edit ]
The name of the genre shows that it was originally touched by four musicians who executed double bass, piano, violin and accordion.
Currently, quartet groups use about 15 musicians, between percussion instruments (timbales, drum, conga, güiro and drums), strings (electric and low guitar), wind (trumpet, trombone and sometimes, saxophone) , piano and keyboard.
The dances is how the quartet recitals are known, this is because in those places it is common for people, in addition to singing, dance the songs of the groups that play live.
They are mainly carried out in specific locations, such as the Monumental Sergeant Cabral, Stadium of the Center, La Morocha, Super Deportivo, among others. However, on special occasions, neighborhood clubs and soccer courts are usually carried out in Boliches, neighborhood clubs. [ twelfth ] [ 13 ] [ 14 ]
Quartet Day [ To edit ]
On June 4, the day of the quartet is celebrated, in commemoration of the first live presentation of the Leo Quartet, in 1943. [ 15 ]
References [ To edit ]
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