[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/schlacht-von-albulena-1457-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/schlacht-von-albulena-1457-wikipedia\/","headline":"Schlacht von Albulena (1457) – Wikipedia","name":"Schlacht von Albulena (1457) – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 Battle of Albulena Dimitri French: Attack of the Albanians on a Turkish camp during the Battle of Albulena .","datePublished":"2017-08-28","dateModified":"2017-08-28","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/64\/Assault_on_Turkish_encampment.jpg\/300px-Assault_on_Turkish_encampment.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/64\/Assault_on_Turkish_encampment.jpg\/300px-Assault_on_Turkish_encampment.jpg","height":"190","width":"300"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/schlacht-von-albulena-1457-wikipedia\/","wordCount":3407,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4Battle of Albulena Dimitri French: Attack of the Albanians on a Turkish camp during the Battle of Albulena . Venice 1539 Parties        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Liga von Lezha 1444 Liga von lezha Ottoman Empire 1453 Ottoman Empire Commander Liga von Lezha 1444 Gjergj Kastrioti        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Ottoman Empire 1453 Mehmed II. Ottoman Empire 1453 Isak Bey Evrenoz Ottoman Empire 1453 Hamza Kastrioti Troop strength 8000 to 10,000 men 50,000 to 80,000 men losses not known 15,000-30,000 deaths and wounded 15,000 prisoners of war 24 Standarten Albanian-Turkish wars        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4 The main routes of the Ottoman invasion forces to Albania The Battle of Albulena , also known as Battle of Uj\u00ebbardha , was called on September 2, 1457 between the Christian defense alliance of the League of Lezha, under the leadership of the Albanian Prince Gjergj Kastrioti (called Skanderbeg), and the Ottoman invasion of the Islamic Monarch Sultan Mehmede II. Father of the conquest , under the operational command of Isak Bey Evrenoz, held in the north of today’s Albania. Gjergj Kastrioti, ruler of Albania, served for a few years, as a result of his forced Islamization and recruitment by the Knabenhese in the Ottoman army before returning to his homeland and the uprising against the expansion efforts of the Ottoman Empire in 1444 with the founding of the league of Lezha organized. [2] The second battle on the Amselfeld in 1448 already ended in a defeat for the Roman Catholic coalition under the Hungarian army leader Johann Hunyadi when the military support of the Lezha league was still on the way to the battlefield. Since 1450, the strategically important fortress city, located in southern Albania, has been under Ottoman control. With the outcome of the siege of consultation in 1455, the fortress failed. Alfons V. von Aragon, the most important ally of Gjergj Kastrioti, also suffered military setbacks in his Mediterranean expansion policy and was therefore unable to provide help. From a tactical point of view, the league was in a very unfavorable position: Due to the solid military presence of the Ottomans north (Amselfeld) and south (consultation) of the borders of the League of Liga of Lezha, a Turkish invasion army and the Adriatic coast in the west, Threatened to encirclement due to a turkish force, which is far superior. In this scenario, nothing would have prevented the Ottomans from landing in Italy and the further conquest of Europe.  Sultan Mehmed II entrusted the operational command Isak Bey Evrenoz, who was supported by the defector Hamza Kastrioti, son of Reposh Kastrioti, the brother of Gjergj Kastrioti. Isak Bey Evrenoz was an experienced general who had already successfully smashed the anti -Turkish rebellion of Gjon Kastrioti I, the father of Gjergj Kastrioti in 1430 and cited the Ottoman counter -offensive in the siege of consultation in 1455. Hamza Kastrioti, a nephew of Gjergj Kastrioti, who was considered his best officer before he was deserted, brought experience and knowledge of the tactics of the Liga league. Between 50,000 and 80,000 men were available to the Ottoman armed forces. Army of this size were usually commanded directly by a sultan, which is why on the Albanian side it was assumed that Mehmed II would personally lead the campaign. The Albanians were only available for 8,000 to 10,000 men for defense. [3] However, the fighting morality of the Albanians could be restored before the battle, through the promise of Pope Kalixt III to support Lezha’s league financially and militarily. At the end of May 1457, a large Ottoman army, marching towards Albania, was spotted. Gjergj Kastrioti wrote a letter to Pope Kalixt III, with which he informed him about the arrival of the Ottoman Army and asked for material and military help. The Pope then promised the sending of a fleet of warships that never arrived and would have been useless in the Land War. The soldiers of the Lezha league were on their own in the fight against the Ottomans. [4] The Ottoman army marched to Albania in several groups. Ottoman storm rider, who marched through the eastern border town of Dibra, was the first military department. When the Ottoman main trivial had arrived, the Albanians were unable to resist and withdrew. Since Gjergj Kastrioti was aware that Isak Bey Evrenoz and Hamza Kastrioti knew his tactics and Albanian terrain well, he chose new military means. As a rule, he attracted his enemy to a trap and then attacked the ambush. The old one was very similar to his new tactic, but this time he decided to enter the battlefield in a different way. [5] In order to make persecution on the part of the Ottomans, Gjergj Kastrioti ordered his troops to split up into several groups and to spread through the mountains in different directions. An attack on the Ottomans or the Association of his troops was expressly only allowed on his command. The Albanian soldiers were cared for by the local population, which also set up storage camp. [6] The Ottomans marched into Mat from Dibra and on the way to the Albanian main fortress Kruja, looting Albanian villages, while Gjergj Kastrioti moved westward on parallel routes. [6] [7] Isak Bey Evrenoz decided not to besiege the fortress of Kruja and stopped north of the Tumenish mountain to wait for the Albanian troops’ arrival. This region became Albulen\u00eb (Albanian: Uj\u00eb I Bardh\u00eb; German: White Water) called and is located south of today’s city of La\u00e7. Since Tumenisha served as the main Albanian base during the first siege of Kruja, the Ottomans were waiting for an Albanian attack there [8] And therefore expanded the northern line of defense (view of the view of Kruja) of its field camp, while the eastern flank (view of Tumenish) was still only weakly defended. Due to the ongoing absence of the Albanian army, the Turks spread that the league of Lezha, intimidated by the Ottoman superiority, did not want to face any battle and was on the run. A ambassador was sent to Rome to explain to the Pope that Albania was conquered by the Ottomans and needed the help of the Vatican to achieve an expulsion of the Ottomans from Albania. [9] It was only on September 17, 1457 that Gjergj Kastrioti received from Pope Kalixt III. By letter, the answer that financial and military resources were on the move to support the crusade, as he called the violent examination of the Ottomans. [ten] [11] The Ottomans were unknown to the immediate presence of the Albanians until the last moment, since the local population remained loyal to their prince Gjergj Kastrioti and did not reveal the positions of the Albanian armed forces. Before the battle, the Albanian troops were ordered to reorganize themselves without being discovered by the Ottomans. They gathered on the forested group of hills of the Tumenish hill, opposite the weakest point of the Ottoman lines of defense, in order to storm the Ottoman camp in three attack lines on September 2, 1457. [ten] With his closest confidants, Gjergj Kastrioti climbed to one of the surrounding peaks and observed the Turkish camp in order to get their willingness to fight. It was found that the Ottoman army rested and no battle was expected. During the descent, they were discovered by Ottoman guards who were persecuted and destroyed before reaching the Turkish base. One succeeded in reaching the field camp, where he warned alarming before the LEZHA league arrival. In order to be able to use the surprise moment, Gjergj Kastrioti ordered the immediate attack. [twelfth] [13] Accompanied by the loud sound of the metallic battle noise, the Albanian troops stormed the field camp of the Turks unprepared for the fight, which were totally surprised by the attack. [14] After a series of attacks by the Albanian crossbow shooters, infantry and cavalry, the Ottomans were pushed into the center of their warehouse. When the Ottoman army was surrounded by Albanian soldiers, she panicked and was as follows. [15] Isak Bey Evrenoz managed to leave the battlefield flieend. After the battle, 15,000 to 30,000 deaths were dead and wounded on the part of the Turks. Another 15,000 went into captivity, including Hamza Kastrioti. 24 Ottoman standards fell into the hands of the Albanians. [16] The fallen Albanian soldiers were buried in the St. Marienkirche of the surrounding village Sh\u00ebmri. [14] A negotiator of the Ottomans was sent to negotiate the handover of the Ottoman standards and the release of 40 high -ranking captors. He also tried to realize a ceasefire between Gjergj Kastrioti and Sultan Mehmed II. This failed, as the Albanian side as a condition for a ceasefire demanded the return of Svivrad and Berat, which were conquered by the Ottomans in 1448 and 1450. [17] The Battle of Albulena was of great importance for Christian resistance to the Ottomans on the southeastern flank of Europe. Franz Babinger, a historian in the field of the Ottoman Empire, describes the outcome of the battle as the Brillantesten Sieg von Gjergj Kastrioti . Pope Kalixt III. Gjergj Kastrioti, one day before Christmas Eve in 1457, appointed the captain’s general of the Roman Curia and Captain General of the Holy Chair. For his special services in the defense of Christianity against the Ottomans, he also awarded him the honorary title Athleta Christi ( Latin  Defense lawyer of Christianity ). [18] The Battle of Albulena sustainably strengthened the morality of the Albanian army. From now on, deserters and defectors occur very rarely, if at all. This victory was a turning point in the course of the Albanian-Turkish war and set the course for the 1460 three-year ceasefire agreed between the Liga of Lezha and the Ottoman Empire. The military expedition of Gjergj Kastrioti to Italy started this peaceful period to help Ferdinand I von Naples, son and heir to the throne of Alfons V., to help the lost areas of the Kingdom of Naples. Albulena is a common female first name among the Albanians and a synonym for Freedom and victory . The battle is a popular folkloric folk song that is considered a musical expression of Albanian patriotism. Franz Babinger: Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time. Princeton University Press, 1978, ISBN 0-691-01078-1. Robert Elsie: Historical Dictionary of Kosova. Scarecrow Press, 2004, ISBN 0-8108-5309-4. Demetrio Franco: Courage of the thing of Turchi, et of the S. George Srankerbeg, principe d’ pyr. Altobello Salkato, 1539, ISBN 99943-1-042-9. Kristo Frash\u00ebri: Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg: Life and Acts, 1405\u20131468 (Albanisch). Toena Publications, 2002, ISBN 99927-1-627-4. Harry Hodgkinson: Scanderbeg: From Ottoman Captive to Albanian Hero. Centre for Albanian Studies, 1999, ISBN 978-1-873928-13-4. Steven Runciman: The Fall of Constantinople 1453. Cambridge University Press, 1990, ISBN 0-521-39832-0. Kenneth Meyer Setton: The Papacy and the Levant, 1204\u20131571. Diane Publishing, 1978, ISBN 978-0-87169-127-9. Peter Sugar: Southeastern Europe Under Ottoman Rule, 1354\u20131804. University of Washington Press, 1983, ISBN 0-295-96033-7. \u2191  Franz Babinger: Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time. Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-01078-1, S. 152 ff.  \u2191  Robert Elsie: Historical Dictionary of Kosova. Scarecrow Press, ISBN 0-8108-5309-4, S. 162.  \u2191  Kristo Frash\u00ebri: Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg: Life and Work, 1405\u20131468. Toena Publications, ISBN 99927-1-627-4, S. 347.  \u2191  Kristo Frash\u00ebri: Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg: Life and Work, 1405\u20131468. Toena Publications, ISBN 99927-1-627-4, S. 346.  \u2191  Kristo Frash\u00ebri: Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg: Life and Work, 1405\u20131468. Toena Publications, ISBN 99927-1-627-4, S. 347.  \u2191 a b  Kristo Frash\u00ebri: Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg: Life and Work, 1405\u20131468. TOENA Publications, ISBN 99927-1-627-4, S. 348.  \u2191  Harry Hodgkinson: Scanderbeg: From Ottoman Captive to Albanian Hero. Centre for Albanian Studies, London, ISBN 978-1-873928-13-4, S.\u00a0147.  \u2191  Kristo Frash\u00ebri: Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg: Life and Work, 1405\u20131468. Toena Publications, ISBN 99927-1-627-4, S. 349.  \u2191  Kristo Frash\u00ebri: Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg: Life and Work, 1405\u20131468. TOENA Publications, ISBN 99927-1-627-4, S. 350.  \u2191 a b  Kristo Frash\u00ebri: Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg: Life and Work, 1405\u20131468. Toena Publications, ISBN 99927-1-627-4, S. 351.  \u2191  Kenneth Meyer Setton: The Papacy and the Levant, 1204\u20131571. Diane Publishing, ISBN 978-0-87169-127-9, S.\u00a0194.  \u2191  Demetrio Franco: It comes from the thing of Turchi, et of the S. George Sannderbeg, prince D’ pyr, high-in-lasting Salkato. ISBN 99943-1-042-9, p. 320.  \u2191  Harry Hodgkinson: Scanderbeg: From Ottoman Captive to Albanian Hero. Centre for Albanian Studies, London, ISBN 978-1-873928-13-4, S.\u00a0184.  \u2191 a b  Kristo Frash\u00ebri: Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg: Life and Work, 1405\u20131468. TOENA Publications, ISBN 99927-1-627-4, S. 352.  \u2191  Harry Hodgkinson: Scanderbeg: From Ottoman Captive to Albanian Hero. Centre for Albanian Studies, London, ISBN 978-1-873928-13-4, S.\u00a0149.  \u2191  Franz Babinger: Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time. Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-01078-1, S.\u00a0152.  \u2191  Harry Hodgkinson: Scanderbeg: From Ottoman Captive to Albanian Hero. Centre for Albanian Studies, London, ISBN 978-1-873928-13-4, S.\u00a0150\u00a0ff.  \u2191  Franz Babinger: Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time. Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-01078-1, S. 152\u2013153.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/schlacht-von-albulena-1457-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Schlacht von Albulena (1457) – Wikipedia"}}]}]