Society of the Mala Band – Wikipedia

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Complete chained coat of arms of members of the company with the male band, approx. 1417 in the coat of arms book of Ryland’s Library, Latin Ms. 28

The Society of the male band , also Society with the male band , or The male ligaments was a noble society (or tournament company) of the late Middle Ages. It was founded in the late 14th century and united nobles from the Upper Lusatian, Bohemian and Lower Silesian region. In the 15th century, the company represents a kind of Hoforden of the Liegnitzer and Glogau lines of the Silesian Piastenherzöge. Ordered by Duke Ludwig II of Brieg and Liegnitz, it also found members in Austria, Franconia, Bavaria and Swabia.

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The time the company was founded with the male band is not known. The first proof of their existence can be found in 1389 on the occasion of a tournament in Görlitz. Duke Johann von Görlitz orders the city at the time YOU RODIN BENDER In honor with gifts. [first] The establishment of the nobility could thus be in connection with the expansion of Görlitz ‘to the residence of Johann. [2] As a heraldic sign of society, the male band was first portrayed in 1402 in the coat of arms book of the St. Christoph Brotherhood on the Arlberg. At that time, several members of the company shared the so -called “second captivity” King Wenceslas IV in Vienna. [3]

The 1413 sealed statutes of society provide a more comprehensive insight into the social life of the male bands. [4] It is unclear whether there was already written statutes in writing in the 14th century. Tournaments already took place in the cities of Görlitz and Liegnitz in 1388/89, which are also defined in the later statutes as the courtyard of society. In addition, prominent participants of the tournament of 1389 or at least their family members later appear as members. [5] The reason for sealing the statutes in 1413 and possibly also adapting could the inheritance dispute Ludwig II of Liegnitz and Brieg with his half -brother Heinrich IX. of Liegnitz and Lüben. The battle at Tannenberg, the plague of 1413 and the Oppelner Fehde are also considered. [6]

Perhaps through Ludwig II’s longer presence at the Constance Council, society also spread in Upper Germany. The members there committed to the foundation to the Langenzenn monastery. The Upper German branch of the company was subordinate to the young margrave Johann von Brandenburg when entering society in 1420. This in turn ordered Hans von Seckendorff to collect the foundation funds in 1425. [7] With Albrecht von Neidberg, there was also a member of Austria at the beginning of the 15th century. [8] The central position of Ludwig II in society – Margrave Johann described him as its “king” – apparently quickly led to the expiry of society in 1436. [9] The male band company may have inspired the foundation of the Swan Order by Elector Frederick II of Brandenburg. [ten]

In the statutes of 1413, society with the male band counteracts a noble society with a wide field of activity. [11] On the outside, an assistance alliance, the company acted as a peace alliance internally: conflicts among journeyman should be solved by arbitration courts from society or the parties to the conflict themselves. If this did not succeed, one of the princes should decide the dispute. If a member came to harm without his own guilt or was captured, the male bands undertook to support.

It was apparently also important to the male bands to enforce strict circles. A member was neither allowed to pursue dishonorable activity, nor was the male band to be given to women lower. Noble women were open to society. According to the report Ghillebert de Lannoys, they even provided half of the members. [twelfth]

In addition, the male ligaments saw themselves as a religious society, which should primarily devote themselves to the veneration of Mary. [13] They planned to create their first annual post together at an eternal trade fair in Liegnitz before they wanted to organize a farm (tournament) in Liegnitz in the second year and then a farm in Görlitz. These tournaments should be promoted vigorously by the members. Memorial services for the deceased members of the company should form the end of each tournament. For their religious foundations, the company of the male band raised annual membership fees of 12, 6 resp. 2 shock groschen from the bishop, the prince resp. The simple knights and noble servants. In 1420, the contribution in Upper Germany was only 1 shock of groschen, which should benefit the Langenzenn monastery. [14]

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Duke Ludwig II of Brieg, who was described by Margrave Johann in 1425 as the king of society, worked as the head of society in the 1420s. He himself called himself the Boarded with the Rüdenpand Oberster Haubtmann . [15] The statutes of 1413 do not know this rank. Only Bishop Wenzel von Breslau is emphasized by a higher membership fee from the College of the Prince. In the second place in the hierarchy of the male bands are the princes who were part of all decisions of the company and were active between members as the last instance referee. The statutes suggest that there was also a standing arbitration court. The oldest in the six country teams of society were still over the simple members of the company. Four oldest stood in the Duchy of Liegnitz, in the Duchy of Schweidnitz, Brieg and Wroclaw, in Upper Lusatia, in the Duchy of Sagan and Glogau as well as in the Duchy of Oels and Cosel.

According to the statutes for noble men and women, joining the male band was only possible at the tournaments of society. In 1420, Duke Ludwig II took the male band independently as a captain. The exit was associated with a penalty of 3 shock. Members who opposed the arbitration of a princely, dishonorable activities or the male band were unauthorized were excluded. If a member did not wore the male band, he had to pay a penalty of six groschen.

Coat of arms by Heinze Koppe von Zedlitz with male band in the coat of arms book of St. Christoph on the Arlberg, 1402

The number of members gave Ghillebert de Lannoy 1414 with 700 knights and noble servants and just as many female members. [16] However, this could be an exaggeration. [17] As sources for membership of society with the male band, in addition to the statutes of 1413 [18] , The Portuguese coat of arms (John Rylands University Library Latin Ms. 28) and the coat of arms book by Sankt Christoph on the Arlberg. [19] Participants in the tournament of 1389 are also listed in the Görlitz council invoices, among which members of the male band company can also be assumed. [20]

With the exception of Přemysl I of Troppau (and later Johanns v. Brandenburg), the princely members of the male band company belong to all of the Liegnitzer and the Glogau line of the Silesian Piasts. It is Bishop Wenzel von Breslau, whose nephew Ludwig II of Brieg and Liegnitz, Konrad V. “Kanthner” by Oels and Johann I of Sagan. [21] Later Bishop Wenzel’s successor Konrad IV. “Senior” by Oels was also proven as a member. [22]

The known, non-princely members of the company were usually well integrated into the court society of their respective principalities. They often wore court offices or were captains of soft pictures. Some were in the service of the Bohemian-German kings Wenzel and Sigismund. [23] Several of them went on “Prussia trip” and partly took part in the Battle of Tannenberg with considerable mercenary quotas in 1410. [24]

The members were prescribed to wear the male band as a sign of belonging to society. If a member was found without a male band, a fine was collected. [25] In contemporary representations, the male band is usually shown as a sign of membership in society next to the coat of arms. The Portuguese coat of arms book John Rylands University Library Library Latin Ms. 28 reflects the use of heraldic symbols on the Constance Council. It shows a number of coats of arms of the members of the company, which are bound by chains to golden, silver and bronze male ligaments and thus a difference in rank among the non-princely members of the company. At Ludwig II at the beginning of the coat of arms, the male band is chained to its standard and surrounds the lily sign of the diocese of Wroclaw (red coat of arms with 6 silver lilies). [26]

Another form of heraldic use shows the coat of arms of the Brieger Duke at Conrad Grünenberg. Here the male band surrounds the shield of the coat of arms. [27]

  • Paul Bretschneider, Silesian ordnance , in: Silesian monthly books 2 Hft. 7 (1925), pp. 337–344 Digitized .
  • Holger Kruse, Kirstin Kamenz, Art. Most band (1413) , in: Holger Kruse, Werner Paravicini, Andreas Ranft (ed.), Knights and noble companies in late medieval Germany (Kiel workpieces. Series D: Contributions to the European History of late Middle Ages 1), Frankfurt/Main 1991, pp. 250–255.
  • Hermann Markgraf, About a Silesian knight society at the beginning of the 15th century (male band) , in: Ders., Small writings on the history of Silesia and Wroclaw , Breslau 1915, S. 81–95. Digitized
  • Werner Paravicini, From Silesia to France, England, Spain and back. About the spread of noble culture in the late Middle Ages , in: Jan Harasimowicz, Matthias Weber (ed.), Nobility in Silesia: rule – culture – self -expression , Munich 2010, pp. 135–205.
  • Philipp Ernst Spieß, From society with the male band , in: Ders., Archive side work and news mixed content with documents , Vol. 1. Hall 1783, pp. 101–103. Digitized
  1. ↑ See Richard Jecht, The oldest Görlitz council invoices until 1419 (Codex diplomaticus Lusatiae upper 3), Görlitz 1905/10, S. 129 Z. 3ff. Online
  2. ↑ For the expansion of Görlitz to the duking residence see Siegfried Hoche, Duchy of Görlitz (1377-1396) , In: Lenka Bobková, Jana Konvicna (HRSG.), Residence and administrative settlements in the countries of the Czech Crown in 14-17. century (Residence and administrative seats in the countries of the Bohemian crown in the 14th to 17th centuries), Prague 2007, 403–412. Already during Johann’s first stay in 1380/1381, three tournaments were held with guests from Meißen and Silesia, see Richard Gelbe, Duke Johann von Görlitz , in: Neue Lausitzisches Magazin 59 (1883), pp. 1–201, here especially p. 31f, 82. Since the Görlitz council invoices for the 1380s have only been handed down and the Görlitzer Rat had to send a messenger to Prague in 1389 Whether it should be tasted the process of not (Anne ought to build) d. H. In order to inquire whether the tour of the tour is continued and the next tournament should be prepared, you can assume that tournaments took place regularly in Görlitz, see Jecht, The oldest Görlitz council invoices , P. 64 line 22ff, p. 71 line 11ff and p. 77 line 8ff and p. 142 line 14.
  3. ↑ See Eva Katharin Ledel, The Viennese manuscript of Sankt Christoph’s coat of arms on the Arlberg , Diss. Vienna 2017, p. 41. DOI:10.25365/thesis.48846 The social members Ulrich and Heinze v. Zedlitz probably stayed at Wenzel’s IV courtyard during his Viennese captivity. Further Silesians – including the members of the company Clocrand von Rachenau – remained in Wenzel’s escape in Vienna in 1403. You can find yourself in Sources on the history of the city of Vienna , ABT. 1, bd. 4, S. 183, nr. 4263-4265, 4268, 4272-4274, 4276f Online . To Wenzel’s captivity in general, see ondřej Schmidt: Second capture of Wenceslas IV. from an Italian perspective , in: Studia Mediaevalia Bohemica 9.2 (2017), S. 163-214. Online Ivan Hlaváček, Wenzel’s detention in Wenzels in the years 1402–1403 from a diplomatic and administrative history perspective , in: Hussite – Reformation – Renaissance , hrsg. v. Jaroslav Pánek, Miloslav Polívka, Noemi Rejchrtová, Prague 1994, p. 225–238. und Ivan Hlaváček, King Wenzel (IV.) And his two capture (mirror of his struggle with the aristocracy and with Wenceslas relatives for supremacy in Bohemia and Reich) In: Questions Middle Ages New 18 (2013), S. 115-149 Online
  4. ↑ Ed. Markgraf 1915, pp. 91–95.
  5. ↑ Peter von Gusk (from Gaußig) with their partners is honored in the week of the tournament and appeared in 1413 as the eldest of the Upper Lusatia in the foundation certificate. Likewise a gentleman of Rechenberg with polils 1389 and Nickel von Rechenberg 1413. See Jecht, The oldest Görlitz council invoices , S. 127 Z. 20, S. 128 Z. 10. Markgraf 1915, S. 95.
  6. ↑ See Kruse, Kamenz 1991, 251. On the defeat before one day with Heinrich IX. The following entries in the Görlitz Council invoices are likely to speak: Between August 12 and 25, the socially eldest Christoph Rex from Gersdorff will be with friends in Görlitz. In September he rides with journeyman and friends to Bunzlau for a day with Duke Heinrich. See Jecht, The oldest Görlitz council invoices , S. 651 Z. 5, S. 652 Z. 13.
  7. ↑ See Spieß 1783, pp. 102f.
  8. ↑ Albrecht von Neidberg can be entered in the Arlberg coat of arms book with a golden male band, see Ledel, see The Viennese manuscript of Sankt Christoph’s coat of arms on the Arlberg , S. 41. DOI:10.25365/thesis.48846 To Albrecht See Fritz Posch, The Styrian ministerial family of the Nitberg-Neitberg (Neuberg), its Styrian and Austrian possessions and its relationships with the Lilienfeld monastery , in: Commemorative publication for Friedrich Hausmann , ed. v. Herwig Ebner, Graz 1977, pp. 409–440, here p. 419f.
  9. ↑ See Kruse, Kamenz 1991, p. 250. Markgraf 1915, p. 90.
  10. ↑ See Kruse, Kamenz 1991, p. 254.
  11. ↑ Ed. Markgraf 1915, pp. 92–95.
  12. ↑ VGL. Kruse, Kamenz 1991, S. 250 ANM. 1. Ed. Works by Ghillebert de Lannoy, voyages, diplomat and moralist, hrsg. v. Charles Potvin und Jean-Charles Houzeau, Louvain, 1878, S. 48. Digitized
  13. ↑ Spieß 1783, p. 102 f.
  14. ↑ See Spieß 1783, p. 102.
  15. ↑ See Spieß 1783, p. 102 f.
  16. ↑ ed. Works by Ghillebert de Lannoy, voyages, diplomat and moralist, hrsg. v. Charles Potvin und Jean-Charles Houzeau, Louvain, 1878, S. 48 Digitized . Two female members are known by name: Dorothea (“Ortchen”, the daughter of a Wilperg) and Heinze Dornheim’s wife, see Markgraf 1915, p. 89; Ed. Samuel Benjamin Klose, From Wroclaw , Volume 2nd, Part 2, Korn, Breslau 1781, p. 62 Digitized .
  17. ↑ See Kruse, Kamenz 1991, p. 253.
  18. ↑ Ed. Markgraf 1915, p. 95.
  19. ↑ s. John Rylands University Library Latin MS 28, Digitized P. 117ff (side of the digitized: N145). Ledel, The Viennese manuscript of Sankt Christoph’s coat of arms on the Arlberg , S. 41. DOI:10.25365/thesis.48846
  20. ↑ s. Jecht, The oldest Görlitz council invoices , S. 127f.
  21. ↑ See Markgraf 1915, pp. 91–95.
  22. ↑ See Markgraf 1915, p. 89 and Klose, From Wroclaw , Volume 2, Part 2, p. 62.
  23. ↑ For the Duchy of Liegnitz-Brieg, see Paravicini 2010, p. 164. In Oberlausitz: Christoph Rex of Gersdorff as a servant Wenzels and Sigismunds, Peter von Gusk also as a servant Wenzels, his brother Ulrich is the state elder and captain in Oberlausitz, the father Christophs von Gersdorff on Königshain Heintze was also the national elder, cf. Walter Boetticher, The nobility of the Görlitz soft picture around the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries , in: New Lusatian magazine 104 (1928), p. 58f, 77, 86f. S.A. The relevant short biographies in Sven Ekdahl, The soldier book of the Teutonic Order 1410/1411. Part 2: Indices with personal history comments , Cologne 2010. A special proximity of the members of the male band company to Roman-German king Sigismund attests to Martin Čapský, Luxembourg’s letter traffic with Silesian princes and cities , in: Kaiser Sigismund (1368–1437), ed. v. Karel Hruza and Alexandra Kaar, Vienna 2012, pp. 255–266, here p. 258. Online
  24. ↑ vgl. Sven Ekdahl, The soldier book of the Teutonic Order 1410/1411. Part 2: Indices with personal history comments , Cologne 2010, Passim to Friedrich (Fritsche) of Landeskrone, Nickel and Hans von Zedlitz, Martin von Busewoy, Christoph Rex von Gersdorff, Nickel von Kittlitz, Franz von Warnsdorf, Heinrich von Dohna, Friedrich Schaff, Clocrand von Rachenau, Lorenz v. Pipe.
  25. ↑ See Markgraf 1915, p. 93.
  26. ↑ Latin MS 28, S. 127 Digitized S. N145 . Gold and silver can also be found in the coat of arms book by Sankt Christoph, Bl. 33R, 165V and 166r Digitized . For the chain, see also the description of an extract from Constance on April 15, 1417 in the Richental Chronicle Editing . To the lily shield: Paul Bretschneider, The Wroclaw’s coat of arms, in: Journal of the Association for History of Silesia 50 (1916), pp. 225-256 Online . Ewald Walter: The lily shield of the Breslau diocese coat of arms and the coat of arms of the city of Wroclaw in the coat of arms of the castle of the Emperor Charles IV. In: Archive for Silesian church history 50 (1992), pp. 271–278.
  27. ↑ Rudolf von Stillfried-Alcantara, Adolf Matthias Hildebrandt (ed.), Des Conrad Grünenberg, Ritter and Burgers zu Contstenz, coat of arms. Volbracht am Nünde Day of the Ready Do Man Zalt TuSend Four Hundred Drü and Eighty Jar. Published in color printing, newly published, 2. Faksimile band, Starke, Görlitz 1884, p. 2 Digitized .
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