Territorial development of Zurich – Wikipedia

Map of the development of the Zurich city state until 1789

The city of Zurich first secured its influence outside of its walls through the allocation of pile rights to hundreds of residents surrounding villages and small towns and the completion of castle rights with neighboring nobles and monasteries. So with the Johanniterkomureies Bubikon, Wädenswil, and Küsnacht, the monasteries Rüti, Kappel, Einsiedeln, Wettingen, St. Blasien, Allerheiligen-Schaffhausen, Pfäfers, Schänis, Wurmsbach, Dänikon and Rheinau. Secular gentlemen in the castle law with Zurich were u. The Counts of Rapperswil, the Landenberg, Bonstetten, Hinwil, Tengen, and the Meyer of Knonau.

Another means of extending urban influence was the acquisition of rule rights by urban nobility. So the Mülner owned the bailiwick via Stadelhofen, Zollikon and Küsnacht; The Brun the one about Niederhasli and Mettmenhasli in the Glattal, via Stäfa, Uetikon, Pfäffikon SZ, Freienbach and Wollerau and via Thalwil am Zurichsee. Under Mayor Rudolf Brun, Zurich began to acquire subject areas directly. This was made possible by the fact that the Habsburgers pledged their property in smaller components to insignificant noble families due to the shortage of money. At the turn of the 14th to the 15th century, several of these noble families came to the city of Zurich for money and passed their Habsburg plants on money. The city came into an extensive land ownership that could no longer be bought from Habsburg.

After 1365, the city of Wiedikon, Wollishofen, Wipkingen, Zürichberg, Hottingen, Oberstrass and Unterstrass acquired. 1358 by the Mülner Stadelhofen and Zollikon, 1384 Küsnacht, miles from the Freifrau of Ebersberg and Höngg from the Wettingen monastery. In the following year, Thalwil was added, in 1393 the Höfe Freienbach, Wollerau, Pfäffikon SZ and Bäch by Hans von Schellenberg. Erlenbach was acquired in 1400. In 1402 the city bought the office of Greifensee from the Counts of Toggenburg, 1405 Männedorf from Gessler, 1406 Maschwanden, Eschenbach and Horgen from the Lords of Hallwyl, 1408 Grüningen from the Gesslern, in 1409 the Regensberg office and the town of Bülach from the Habsburgs . In connection with the Reich War called by King Sigismund against the Habsburg Duke Friedrich IV of Austria, Zurich conquered the basement, the Freiamt Affoltern, Birmensdorf, Aesch and Steinhausen. Also with the support of Sigismund, Zurich received the Habsburg Reich Organizations Kyburg, Embrach and Kloten in 1424 and in 1434 Andelfingen from the Landenberg. ^[first] In 1432 the city acquired the village of Altstetten. Furthermore, the city asserted its sovereign law across all areas with whose owners they were in a castle law, e.g. B. about the Courtlocks Rüschlikon, Meilen, Fluntern and Albisrieden from the Grossmünster canon. According to the Reformation, the possessions of the secularized monasteries and pens into the possession of the city.

If the council bought an area for Zurich, it generally left the existing administration. So every acquisition became a separate administrative district, a so -called bailiff. However, there was not even a legal unit within the birds, since individual communities or gentlemen each had special “traditional” rights or privileges that could not be touched or only difficult to touch. According to the type of administration of a bailiff, it was differentiated between upper and rural bailiffs. Upper bailiffs were usually smaller and closer to the city, while country bailiffs were larger and often had more sovereign rights. The bailiffs were also divided into “inner” and “external” birds. The former were mostly subordinate to the municipal council court in legal matters. The latter were part of a country bailiff that even had their own civil courts, Kyburg and Grüningen. Some “external” upper bailiffs were even subject to the “foreign” high and blood dishes of the Landbogtse Thurgau or Baden.

The time after the Reformation ended the stormy phase of the military expansion of the old Confederation and thus also the territory of the city of Zurich. Further acquisitions were only carried out by 1798 by purchase, e.g. B. the gentlemen run (1544), Wädenswil (1549), Steinegg (1583), Weinfelden and Pfyn (1614), Sax-Forstegg (1615), Neunforn, Wellenberg and Hüttlingen (1693). In the case of Zurich’s possessions in the Swiss federal bailiffs Baden and Thurgau, however, only the acquisition of the Lower Court succeeded, so that they did not fall into the actual territory of the city.

The administrative structure of the Zurich city state until 1798

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Coat of arms of the Reichsstadt Zurich, wreathed by the coat of arms of the bailiffs, from the Murerplan 1576

The coat of arms of the outer bailiffs on the front page of David Herrliberger’s publication on the Landvogteischlöscheners Zurichs

Inner birds [ Edit | Edit the source text ]

The inner bailiffs were administered by members of the small council who retained their seat in the city. Two upper -birds detached each other at an unlimited term at an annual cycle. In contrast to the rural bailiffs, most of the upper bailiffs were rather small, some included only one municipality. In addition to the city of Zurich, both private individuals, noble families and the Grossmünsterstift, the Fraumünsterstift, the monasteries, the monasteries Pfäfers, Einsiedeln, Kappel, St. Blasien, Wettingen, Rheinau the Bishop of Constance and the cities of Bremgarten and Zug parts of jurisdiction, the Tax rights or team law. ^[2]

The following upper bailiffs were called inner birds. The list follows the contemporary order in the 18th century, the coats of arms follow the representations of the coats of arms used in contemporary cards and coat of arms. ^[3]

Only temporarily existed:

External birds [ Edit | Edit the source text ]

The outer bailiffs were usually occupied by members of the Grand Council. Only Kyburg as the most important country bailiff was temporarily appointed with a member of the small council, but this was released from the council for the term of office. In contrast to the upper bailiffs, the country birds had a residence obligation in the Vogtei, mostly in a specially available castle. The term of office of the country birds was six years since 1543. Two upper birds also organized in the outer bailiffs at an annual cycle, since the 16th century, the two birds that have been detached. Your term was not limited. ^[4]

The following country bailiffs and Obervogtsie were referred to as external birds. The list follows the contemporary order in the 18th century, the coats of arms follow the representations of the coats of arms used in contemporary cards and coat of arms. ^[5]

• Landvogtei Kyburg (comprises the high court on the Obervogteichen run, Flaach, Hegi, Altikon)
• Landvogtei Grüningen (from 1406/16)
• Landvogtei Eglisau (from 1496)
• Landvogtei Regensberg (1409/17)
• Landvogtei Andelfingen (1465–1473 to the Landvogtei Kyburg, from 1482 Landvogtei; Blood court in Dörflingen until 1770: Men von Tengen; from 1761 Subordination of the rule Wülflingen-Buch)
• Landvogtei Greifensee (from 1402)
• Landvogtei Knonau (from 1512, union of the former Upper Vogtei Maschwanden-Freiamt with the court rulers Hedingen and Knonau)
• Landvogtei Wädenswil (1549/50)
• Obervogtei run (from 1540/44, only a low court, in the Kyburg country bailiff)
• Obervogtei Steinegg
• Obervogtei Hegi (from 1587, only a low court, part of the Kyburg Landvogtei)
• Obervogtei Weinfelden (from 1614, Lower Court, in the common rule Thurgau)
• Landvogtei sax enrichment
• Obervogtei Pfyn (from 1614, Lower Court, High Jurisdiction: Landgrave Thurgau)
• Obervogtei Neunforn (from 1693, only a low court; high jurisdiction: Landgrave Thurgau)
• Obervogtei Flaach (from 1694, only a low court, part of the Andelfingen Landvogtei)
• Obervogtei Wellenberg-Hüttlingen (from 1694, only a low court, high jurisdiction: Landgrave Thurgau)
• Obervogtei Altikon (from 1696, only a low court, in the Kyburg Landvogtei)
• Obervogtei Stammheim-Steinegg (from 1583, Association of Stammheim with rule Steinegg; High Jurisdiction: Landgrave Thurgau)

Courtlords outside the bailiffs [ Edit | Edit the source text ]

Other areas belonging to Zurich [ Edit | Edit the source text ]

• City of Winterthur (from 1467 Highness of Zurich) with Suban area Hettlingen
• City of Stein am Rhein (from 1463/84 Highness of Zurich)
  • Ramsen (from 1539 Lower Court, High Court from 1770 near Zurich)
  • Wagenhausen (from 1575 Lower Court; high jurisdiction: Landgrave Thurgau)

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  Castle and Marktlecken Andelfingen, residence of the Landvogt of Andelfingen

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  The Municipal City of Winterthur 1642

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  The Munizipalstadt Stein am Rhein with the Hohenklingen Castle, 1642

1. ↑ Erwin Eugster: “Development on the municipal territorial state”. In: History of the Canton of Zurich, Vol. 1, early on until late Middle Ages. Werd: Zurich 1995, pp. 298–235; P. 301.
2. ↑ History of the Canton of Zurich, Vol. 2, pp. 38f.
3. ↑ Please refer Ryhiner collection ( Memento of the Originals from May 24, 2008 in Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been used automatically and not yet checked. Please check original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. @first @2 Template: Webachiv/Iabot/www.zb.unibe.ch
4. ↑ History of the Canton of Zurich, Vol. 2, pp. 38f.
5. ↑ Please refer Ryhiner collection ( Memento of the Originals from May 24, 2008 in Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been used automatically and not yet checked. Please check original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. @first @2 Template: Webachiv/Iabot/www.zb.unibe.ch

• History of the canton of Zurich. Volume 2. Early modern times – 16th to 18th centuries . Werd: Zurich, 1996. ISBN 3-85932-159-5
• Paul Kläui / Eduard Imhof: Atlas on the history of the canton of Zurich . Published by the government council of the Canton of Zurich for the 600th anniversary of Zurich’s entry into the federal government of Confederates. 1351–1951. Orell Füssli: Zurich 1951.