[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/vulcanoon-wikipedia-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/vulcanoon-wikipedia-wikipedia\/","headline":"Vulcanoon \u2013 Wikipedia Wikipedia","name":"Vulcanoon \u2013 Wikipedia Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 Vulcanodon (“Vulkan-tooth”) is a genus of dinosaurs from the group of sauropods, which lived in southern Africa during the","datePublished":"2018-07-27","dateModified":"2018-07-27","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/ba\/Gr%C3%B6ssenvergleich_Vulganodon-Mensch.png\/220px-Gr%C3%B6ssenvergleich_Vulganodon-Mensch.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/ba\/Gr%C3%B6ssenvergleich_Vulganodon-Mensch.png\/220px-Gr%C3%B6ssenvergleich_Vulganodon-Mensch.png","height":"86","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/vulcanoon-wikipedia-wikipedia\/","wordCount":4634,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4Vulcanodon (“Vulkan-tooth”) is a genus of dinosaurs from the group of sauropods, which lived in southern Africa during the early Jura. The only way is V. Karibaensis . So far, only a single, fragmentary skeleton is known, which was discovered in 1969 on a small island of the Kariba reservoir in Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia). The name Vulcanodon Points out to the fact that the location of sandstone that housed the skeleton is limited by two lava flows. Vulcanodon One of the most original well -known sauropods is already on four legs, like other sauropods and showed the blueprint typical of sauropodes with a column -like legs, long neck and tail. The only skeleton includes most of the pelvic girdle, the hind legs, forearm and tail, while the fuselage and cervical spine and the skull are missing.        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Originally Vulcanodon Classified outside of the Sauropodes, as a ProSauropode, which may be Melanorosauridae, the Melanorosauridae family. This assignment was based on primitive characteristics such as the construction of the pelvis and the knife-like teeth, which suggest a meat or omnivary diet. Today, however, it is known that these teeth belonged to a non -identified Theropoden, which may Vulcanodon -Kadaver has operated. Today applies Vulcanodon as an original representative of the Sauropods. Some paleontologists put the genus together with the relative Tazoudasaurus in a family called vulcanodontidae, which has not been generally accepted. Vulcanodon (years. Vulcan – Roman god of fire; Gr. odon \u2013 \u201eZahn\u201c) [first] was named by Michael Raath in 1972. The name indicates the fact that the skeleton was found in a layer of sandstone that is enclosed between two lava flows. In addition, the name refers to the knife -shaped teeth, which, as it turned out later, does not at all Vulcanodon belong. The second part of the species name, karibaensis , refers to the Kariba reservoir. [2]         (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Size comparison with a person Vulcanodon One of the Sauropodomorpha, a group of herbivorous dinosaurs, who separated from the carnivorous Theropoda early on in the evolution of the dinosaurs. The original Sauropodomorpha traditionally combined as prosauropodes. Most prosauropodes, such as Plateosaurus , like the Theropods, two -legged (biped), with the arms used for gripping. [3] During the Jura, an advanced group of the Suropodomorpha, the Sauropoda, manifested the dominant group of land -living herbivores; All prosauropods died out during the law. Unlike their ancestors, Sauropods were four -legged (quadruped), which made it possible for a larger body size and highly extended necks. Numerous modifications to the skeletal building, which are used for original sauropods such as Vulcanodon With this transition from a two -legged life into a four -legged way of life are connected to this. [4] Vulcanodon Was already four -legged, like other sauropods, still showed a number of primitive characteristics that were typical of prosauropods. [5] As one of the most original known sauropods, the genus for understanding the origin and early evolution of the Suropods is of great importance. With an estimated length of 6.5 meters, it was a comparatively small sauropod; [6] [7] However, the physique with the barrel -shaped body, the long neck and tail and the small head corresponded to that of other sauropods. The front and hind legs were robust and column-like, [2] The front legs probably made 76% of the length of the hind legs and were therefore significantly longer than with two -legged prosauropodes. [8] Surfing, midfoot and toes were shorter than with Prosauropoden, but not as much shortened as with more advanced sauropods. It is controversial whether the hind foot like ProSauropoden Digitigrad (only the toes touched the floor) or, like Semidigitigrad (both the toes and parts of the midfoot, the floor), was the floor). [4] The vertebral bodies of the tail vertebrae were already on the side for weight saving. In the case of later sauropods, depth, pleurocoele called pleurocoele came into place. [5] The sacrum consisted of four sacrifices, while original Sauropodomorpha only had three sacrifices. In contrast to the numerous saucratic characteristics of the skeleton, the pool was primitive and reminded of that of the prosauropodes. [4] The Hallux, the first toe of the foot, showed an enlarged, flattened claw, as was also found in Prosauropoden. [5] The claws of the second and third toes were unusual; These were nail -like and wider than deep. [2] [9] This feature can also be found in the probably relatives Tazoudasaurus was missing from all other Suropods. [ten] Relationships of Vulcanodon , simplified according to Allain and Aquesbi, 2008. [ten] Originally Michael Raath (1972) Vulcanodon Not as a sauropod, but as an advanced, specialized prosauropoden, which may have been belonging to the Melanorosauridae family. [2] [5] Raath argued that the sauropoden -like leg proportions were independent of each other Vulcanodon and the Sauropods are evolved (convergent evolution). The primitive construction of the pelvis and the knife -shaped teeth would exclude a belonging to the Suropods. [2] Today, however, it is known that the teeth belong to a Theropod. In 1975, Arthur Cruickshank was the first to take belonging to the Sauropoden: As the researcher argued, the fifth midfoot bone corresponded to the rest in length, a characteristic that is typical of Sauropoden, which is missing. Today’s consensus confirmed Vulcanodon As one of the most original well -known representatives of the Sauropods. [9] [11]        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4In 1984 Michael Cooper set up a new family, the Vulcanodontidae, who, according to this researcher, formed the \u201crootstock\u201d from which the later sauropoden families emerged. [5] The vulcanodontidae was originally Vulcanodon Only the Indian Barapasaurus attributed; However, subsequent studies provided a number of other early sauropods known to this family, each known to only a few fragmentary bones, including Ohmdenosaurus and Zizhongosaurus . [twelfth] Paul Upchurch (1995) showed that Barapasaurus closer to later, more advanced sauropods was related than with Vulcanodon , with which the vulcanodontidae are polyphyletic and the family is therefore invalid. [8] The exact relationship relationships with other original sauropods remain unclear. Ronan Allain and colleagues (2004, 2008) found that Vulcanodon the closest with Tazoudasaurus was related, a newly discovered genus from Morocco. These researchers proposed to reintroduce the name Vulcanodontidae than Klade, which only Vulcanodon and Tazoudasaurus comprises. [ten] [13] However, other studies could not confirm that Tazoudasaurus and Vulcanodon have been related to the next. [14] [15] Adam Yates (2004) described a single tail vertebra from the upper Elliot formation of South Africa, which may be close to one Vulcanodon Could have heard relative sauropodenges. The upper Elliot formation is famous for its rich finds of the Prosauropoden Massospondylus . [16] The only known fossils come from an island in the Kariba reservoir of the Sambesi in northern Zimbabwes (formerly Rhodesia), one of the largest reservoirs in the world. The island, which is located west of Bumi Hills, is referred to as “Iceland 126\/127” after early, not published nautical charts, but has no formal name. The first bone, which was weathered out of a slope, was discovered in July 1969 by B. A. Gibson, a resident of the city of Kariba. As early as October of the same year, an excavation team set up to rescue the fossils; Further excavations took place in March and May 1970. In July 1970, the find was first presented to the scientific society on a symposium with the main topic “Stratigraphy and Paleontology of South Africa” \u200b\u200bin Cape Town. A preliminary report was published later in the same year. In 1972 the first description of the scientific was published by the paleontologist Michael Raath. [2] Parts of the skeleton (copy number QG24) were lost before the discovery, since they were partly exposed on the surface of the terrain and were partly eroded by plant roots. The recovered fossils comprise pelvis and sacrums, the majority of the left rear leg and foot, a right thigh bone, as well as 12 front tail vertebrae. These remains can be attributed to a single individual because they were still found in their original skeleton network. In addition, different bones were found outside the skeletal network, which are probably also to be attributed to this individual, including the right forearm as well as various middle hand and finger bones from the left and right hand skeleton. [2] Later, the scientists G. Bond and Michael Cooper visited the site again and were able to secure other fossils in a re -dig, including a shoulder blade and the fragment of a cervical vertebra. [5] These remains show that more than one individual was available in the site; The shoulder blade and the cervical vertebra may even belong to a different genus. [11] Today the fossils are kept in the collection of the Zimbabwe Natural History Museum in Bulawayo. [5] Raath (1972) reports on the discovery of nine fragmentary knife -shaped, Carnivor teeth near the pelvic region of the skeleton. According to Raath’s idea, the neck and head could have curved backwards after death, so that the skull came to lie directly above the pool – this position, known as Death Pose, can be found in numerous other dinosaur skeletons. The teeth are therefore the only preserved elements of the otherwise missing skull. [2] Cooper (1984), however, showed that the teeth were not too Vulcanodon , but have belonged to a Theropoden dinosaurs who may Vulcanodon -Kadaver has operated. [5]  Artistic live presentation During the later Unterjura, the southern Africa was the scene of extensive volcanism. Large quantities of thin lava, which froze to so-called flood-basted, pussed over a large part of southern Africa and formed today’s basalt formations of the Karoo Ferrar Large Igneous Province. Vulcanodon comes from the Vulcanodon beds (“Vulcanodone layers”), a fossil-containing sediment unit within the Batoka formation, which is mainly composed of flood-basted bastes. [17] The skeleton was found in the upper area of \u200b\u200ba 30-meter-thick location made of sand and silver stones, which is over and subordinated by flood bastes. [2] It was long assumed that Vulcanodon About 200 million years ago during Hettangium, the lowest (oldest) level of the Jura, or even lived at the time of the Triassic Jura border. [8] [11] [twelfth] The genus was considered the earliest known sauropode until the even older one in 2000 Isanosaurus from the Obertrias von Thailand. [18] Adam Yates showed in 2004 that Vulcanodon In fact, much younger is much younger and dated to the toarcium, the top (latest) level of the Unterjura, about 175\u2013183 million years ago. [16] [19] The genus lived at the same time as the closely related Tazoudasaurus . [13] The Vulcanodon -Fundelle itself cannot be radiometrically dated due to the overwhelming weathering of the upcoming basalt. However, Yates argues that the volcanic eruptions were completed within one million years-so the basalt can be assumed as at the same time as at the same time by carooine bastes by other locations. [16] Vulcanodon is the only dinosaurs described with a scientific name from the Vulcanodon beds . [17] Cooper (1984) suspected that the Sauropode lived in a desert-like environment, as is displayed by the acolish (driven by wind) Sand of the Forest-Sandstone formation, which is directly below the Vulcanodon beds consequences. In the sediments in which Vulcanodon was found, it could be a distal deposits of all -tuvial subjects. The Vulcanodon -Individual could have lived on the banks of Wadis who had cut themselves into the alluvial subjects. Alternatively, the carcass could have been shipped to its place of cod through a flood event. [5] In the beginning, sauropods were considered to be aquatic living animals that populated lush swamps and rely on the buoyancy of the water to support their gigantic body mass. [20] In 1984 Cooper found that Vulcanodon – The most original Suropode known at the time – lived in a desert -like living space and must have been lively. This indication would show that the unusual body size of the Sauropods, as they are already at Vulcanodon showed that there was no adaptation to an aquatic lifestyle. [5] \u2191  Donald F. Glut: Dinosaurs. The Encyclopedia. McFarland, Jefferson NC u. a. 1997, ISBN 0-89950-917-7, S. 975\u2013977: Vulcanodon.  \u2191 a b c d It is f g h i  Michael A. Raath: Fossil vertebrate studies in Rhodesia: a new dinosaur (Reptilia, Saurischia) from near the Triassic-Jurassic boundary. In: Arnoldia. Bd. 5, 1972, ISSN\u00a0 0066-7781 , S. 1\u201337, here S. 1\u20132, 4.  \u2191  Adam M. Yates: Basal Sauropodomorpha: The \u201eProsauropods\u201c. In: Michael K. Brett-Surman, Thomas R. Holtz Jr., James O. Farlow (Hrsg.): The Complete Dinosaur. 2nd edition. Indiana University Press, Bloomington in 2012, ISBN 978-0-253-35701-4, S. 425\u20134  \u2191 a b c  Jeffrey A. Wilson: Overview of Sauropod Phylogeny and Evolution. In: Kristina Curry A. Rogers, Jeffrey A. Wilson (Hrsg.): The Sauropods. Evolution and Paleobiology. University of California Press, Berkeley CA u. a. 2005, ISBN 0-520-24623-3, S. 15\u201349, hier S. 27\u201331, Digitized (PDF; 384.37 KB) .  \u2191 a b c d It is f g h i j  Michael R. Cooper: A reassessment of Vulcanodoon Karibaensis Rath (Dinosauria: Saurischia) and the Origin of the SauroPoda. In: Palaeontologia africana. Bd. 25, 1984, ISSN\u00a0 0078-8554 , S. 203\u2013231.  \u2191   Prehistoric Life. The definitive visual History of Life on Earth. DK Publishing, New York Ny 2012, ISBN 978-0-7566-9910-9, S.  \u2191  Thomas R. Holtz Jr.: Supplementary Information. Zu: Thomas R. Holtz Jr.: Dinosaurs. The most complete, up-to-date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of all ages. Random House, New York NY 2007, ISBN 978-0-375-82419-7, S. 27, online (PDF; 184,08 KB) .  \u2191 a b c  Paul Upchurch: The Evolutionary History of Sauropod Dinosaurs. In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. BD. 349, nr. 1330, 1995, ISSN\u00a0 0080-4622 , S. 365\u2013390, Two: 10.1098\/RSTB.1995.0125 .  \u2191 a b  Jeffrey A. Wilson, Paul C. Sereno: Early Evolution and Higher-level Phylogeny of Sauropod Dinosaurs (= Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. Bd. 18, Supplement to Nr. 2 = Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. Memoir. Bd. 5, ISSN\u00a0 1062-161X ). Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Chicago IL 1998, S. 8, 13, doi:10.1080\/02724634.1998.10011115 .  \u2191 a b c  Ronan Allain, Najat Aquesbi: Anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Tazoudasaurus naimi (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the late Early Jurassic of Morocco. ( Memento of the Originals from September 25, 2013 in Internet Archive )  Info: The archive link has been used automatically and not yet checked. Please check original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. @first @2 Template: Webachiv\/Iabot\/Cat.inist.fr In: Geodiversitas. BD. 30, nr. 2, 2008, ISSN\u00a0 1280-9659 , S. 345\u2013424, here S. 403, 404.  \u2191 a b c  Paul Upchurch, Paul M. Barrett, Peter Dodson: Sauropoda. In: David B. Weihampel, Peter Dodson, Halszka Osm\u00f3lska (ed.): The Dinosauria. 2nd edition. University of California Press, Berkeley CA u. a. 2004, ISBN 0-520-24209-2, S. 259\u2013324, hier S. 298.  \u2191 a b  John S. McIntosh: Sauropoda. In: David B. Weihampel, Peter Dodson, Halszka Osm\u00f3lska (ed.): The Dinosauria. University of California Press, Berkeley CA u. a. 1990, ISBN 0-520-06726-6, S. 345\u2013401, hier S. 376.  \u2191 a b  Ronan Allain, Najat Aquesbi, Jean Dejax, Christian Meyer, Michel Monbaron, Christian Montenat, Philippe Richir, Mohammed Rochdy, Dale Russell, Philippe Taquet: A basal sauropod dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of Morocco. In: Palevol reports. BD. 3, nr. 3, 2004, ISSN\u00a0 1631-0683 , S. 199\u2013208, DOI: 10.1016\/J.crpv. 2004.03.001 , Digitized (PDF; 413.28 KB) .  \u2191  Cecilia Apaldetti, Ricardo N. Martinez, Oscar A. Alcober, Diego Pol: a New Basal Sauropodomorph (Dinosauria: Saurischia) From Quebrada del Barro Formation (Mayes-el Carrizal Basin), Northwestern Argentina. In: PLoS ONE. Bd. 6, Nr. 11, 2011, e26964, doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0026964 .  \u2191  Kristian Francisco Ortega, Ignacio Fierro, Ulrich Joger, Ralf Cosma, Jos\u00e9 Manuel Mar\u00edn Ferrer, swearing in the Amadou Ima, Abdoulaye maga: A New Basal Sauropod Dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Niger and the Early Evolution of Sauropoda. In: PLoS ONE. BD. 4, nr. 9, 2009, e6924, doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0006924 .  \u2191 a b c  Adam M. Yates, P. John Hancox, Bruce S. Rubidge: First record of a sauropod dinosaur from the upper Elliot Formation (Early Jurassic) of South Africa. In: South African Journal of Science. BD. 100, nr. 9\/10, 2004, ISSN\u00a0 0038-2353 , S. 504\u2013506, Digitized (PDF; 589.44 KB) .  \u2191 a b  David B. Weishampel, Paul M. Barrett, Rodolfo Coria, Jean Le Loeuff, Xing Xing Xijin Zhao, Ashok Sahni, Elizabeth Gomani, Christopher R. Noto: Dinosaur distribution (Late Triassic, Africa). In: David B. Weihampel, Peter Dodson, Halszka Osm\u00f3lska (ed.): The Dinosauria. 2nd edition. University of California Press, Berkeley CA u. a. 2004, ISBN 0-520-24209-2, S. 517\u2013683, hier S. 535.  \u2191  Eric buffetaut, Varavudh suteethorn, gilles Cunity, gilles Cunity, Haiyan Tong, Sasidhorn Khansubha, SUTEE JOGAUTCHARIYAKUL: The earliest known sauropod dinosaur. In: Nature. Bd. 407, Nr. 6800, 2000, S. 72\u201374, doi:10.1038\/35024060 .  \u2191  Jeffrey A. Wilson: Integrating ichnofossil and body fossil records to estimate locomotor posture and spatiotemporal distribution of early sauropod dinosaurs: a stratocladistic approach. In: Paleobiology. BD. 31, nr. 3, 2005, ISSN\u00a0 0094-8373 , Pp. 400\u2013423, here p. 406, doi: 10.1666\/0094-8373(2005)031[0400:IIABFR]2.0.CO;2 .  \u2191  Donald M. Henderson: Tipsy punters: sauropod dinosaur pneumaticity, buoyancy and aquatic habits. In: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. Bd. 271, Supplement 4, 2004, ISSN\u00a0 0080-4622 , S. S180\u2013S183, Two: 10.1098\/RSBL.2003.0136 , Digitized (PDF; 268.74 KB) .       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki14\/vulcanoon-wikipedia-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Vulcanoon \u2013 Wikipedia Wikipedia"}}]}]