zitronengras – wikipedia

Posted on by
before-content-x4

The Lemon grass ( Cymbopogon citratus ), also more precisely West Indian lemon grass , [first] Westindisches Lemongras , Guatemaltekisches Lemongras or Lemongrass Called, is a species within the family of sweet grasses (Poaceae). This type and some others Cymbopogon -Tarts are grown and used as a spice and medicinal plant. [2]

Appearance and sheet [ Edit | Edit the source text ]

The West Indian lemon grass grows as evergreen, [3] Pergeted herbaceous plant that reaches growth heights from 1 to 2 meters. It forms dense horsts through short rhizome. [4] The robust stalks have a diameter of about 4 millimeters and are floured below the nodes (nodien). [5]

Your leaves develop an aromatic fragrance. The leaves are divided into leaf sheath and leaf blades. The leaf sheath is bare and greenish inside. The simple, coarse, bluish-green leaf blade is 30 to 90 centimeters long and 0.5 to 2 centimeters wide, diminishes towards the leaf sheath [4] , gradually narrowed down to the base and has a long -tough upper end. The leaf hews (Ligulae) are about 1 millimeter long. [5]

Flower and flower [ Edit | Edit the source text ]

The relatively large, composed, loose, riseable total inflorescence is 30 up to 60 centimeters long [4] And hanging. The branches are thin. The reddish or yellowish-brown support leaves are 1.5 to 2 centimeters long. The tedious partial petals standing in pairs are 1 to 2.5 centimeters long. Both the internodes of the inflorescence axis (Rhachis) and the stems of the partial petitions are easily hairy. The almost stem -shaped Rhachis is fragile on the branches. The seating sparse are linally or lanceolate and at the top of the upper end at a length of 5 to 6 centimeters and a width of about 0.7 millimeters. [5] The spikes standing in pairs are 4 to 5 millimeters long. One of the pair of ears is fertil and sitting and the other sterile and stealed. The fertils contain a sterile flower at their base, then a fertile flower follows, but there is no rhachis extension. [4]

The flowers have the typical structure of the Poaceae flowers. The lower envelope is lanceolate, flat or a little concave towards the base, with two sharp, non -angular flashing, between which there are no nerves. The upper envelope is lanceolate, narrow and simple, without a cranbery or a little two -lobed with an approximately 0.2 millimeter long spiked tip. [5] The deck is lanceolate and translucent with a smooth or serrated upper end. The preload is tiny or missing. There are only three stamens. [4] The fusses are free.

Phenology [ Edit | Edit the source text ]

The flowering period is in China and the ripeness of the fruits in summer. [5]

Chromosomensatz [ Edit | Edit the source text ]

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 40. [5]

after-content-x4

ingredients [ Edit | Edit the source text ]

The following ingredients have been proven: 1.8-cineol, acetone, alcohols 10000 to 15000 ppm, alkaloid 3000 ppm, alpha-beta-dihydropseudoionon, alpha-camhorone, alpha-pins, aluminum 515 ppm, ash 43000 ppm, beta -Dihydropseudoionon, beta-sitosterol, calcium 3680 ppm, cappylic acid, ceryl alcohol, chrome 37 ppm, citral 1080 to 25500 ppm, citronellal, citrollic acid, citronellol, citronella-acetate, cobalt 48 ppm , Cymgopogon, Cymbopogonol For example, as leaf wax, decanal, diacetyl, dipent, ethylene oxide 2000 to 30000 ppm, fernesal, fernesol, fat 71000 ppm, fucosterol, fordural, geranic acid, geraniol, geranyl-acetate, hcn, hexasanol, iron 543 ppm, Isovalal. ISOVAL ICE, L-LINALOOL, LIMONE, LINALOOL, Linalyl acetate, Luteolin, Luteolin-C-Glycoside, Magnesium 3310 PPM, manganese 104 ppm, methyl hepton 4 to 12 ppm, Myrcen to 3600 ppm, n- Decylalhyde, Neral, Nerol, Phosphor 2140 ppm, potassium 23000 ppm, proteins 82000 ppm, quercetin, rutin, saponine, selenium 62 ppm, silicon 132 ppm, sodium 640 ppm, tin 7.1 ppm, triancontanol, zinc. [6] [7]

The first description was in 1813 as Andropogon citratus DC. (= Occasionary) Durch Augustin Pyramus de Candollc A catalog of plants garden botanici monspeliensis. P. 78, written there as a “citratum”. The new combination too Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf was in 1906 by Otto Stapf in Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information Kew 1906. P. 322, 357 published. More synonyms for Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf are: Andropogon cerifer Hack. , Andropogon citratus DC. ex Nees , Andropogon citriodorum hort. ex Dep. , Andropogon nardus subsp. ceriferus (Hack.) Hack. , Andropogon roxburghii Cloths ex the stup. , Andropogon schoenanthus L. , Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle , Cymbopogon nardus Subvar. citratus (DC.) Roberty . [8] [9]

According to some authors, it is only known from culture, the original home is unknown. [first] Still others indicate southern India and Sri Lanka as a home. [9]

Kitchen -ready lemon grass

The shell -like green plant parts, in particular the juicy stalks and the base of the leaves, are used as a spice in the kitchen, especially in the kitchen. [ten] Dried lemon grass is available in pieces or ground in stores, but only has a weak aroma.

The long, fresh leaves are also used in many countries of Asia (for example in Thailand) for the preparation of thirst -deleting tea drinks. The stems are tapped softly before they are brewed with boiling water so that the essential oils dissolve particularly well. Lemon grass gives herbal tea blends an exotic note. Lemongrass is also used in other non -alcoholic beverages. It is processed in baked goods and in confectionery. [2] The taste of lemong grass is fresh and lemon -like with a hint of rose scent. It gives a particularly round aroma prepared. It is typical for many Vietnamese and Indonesian dishes. In the meantime, lemon grass is also a usual ingredient for different dishes and drinks in Central Europe.

The name of the drug is Herba Andropogonist , Cymbopogon-Citratus leaves (lemon grass) and Cymbopogon Citrati aetheroleum (lemongras oil). [7]

Lemongrass oil is used in versatile as a fragrance in perfumes and cosmetics such as soaps and creams. The Citral, extracted from the oil, is used as a flavor for soft drinks, in fragrance soaps and determines, as a fragrance in perfume and cosmetics as well as for masking unpleasant smells in various industrial products. [2] Its essential oil has a lemon -like smell and taste and contains up to over 80% Citral and up to 20% myrcen. The essential oils of lemongrass and other aromatic fragrant sweet grass are also used in deterrent means against stinging insects (repellents). [2]

Lemongrass is said to have a reduction in flatulence in medical effects. For Cymbopogon citratus an antimicrobial activity is reported. The oil of Cymbopogon citratus effectively has a calming effect in the central nervous system. The oil may also have a certain pesticides and mutagen effect. [2] It is also used as an ornamental plant in parks and gardens. [3]

Cultivation [ Edit | Edit the source text ]

The two lemongras species ( Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon flexuosus ) are grown on a commercial scale in India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, China, England, Africa, Central and South America. They thrive at temperatures from 18 to 29 ° C and annual precipitation quantities of 700 to 4100 mm on sandy floors with good drainage with pH values ​​from 5.0 to 5.8 ( Cymbopogon flexuosus ) or from 4.3 to 8.4 ( Cymbopogon citratus ). A warm, moist climate and full sunlight is required for cultivation. The increase is vegetative. A plantation can be used for up to eight years after new plants. Up to four harvests per year can take place. There are a number of varieties. [2] Their winter hardness corresponds to the USDA climate zones 10 to 11 as evergreen, the underground plant parts will probably survive in areas with USDA zone 8b. [3]

The “East Indian lemon grass” or “Indian lemon grass” ( Cymbopogon flexuosus ) comes from India, but is more cultivated for perfume production and as a medicinal herb, but not as a spice. The essential oil also contains up to over 80% Citral, but only a few myrces. “Citronella” is a fragrant sweet grass with the scientific name Cymbopogon nardus . Its essential oil mainly contains geraniol and citronellal. “Palmarosa” ( Cymbopogon martinii ), on the other hand, hardly has a citrus fragrance, but smells rather sweet and flowery. Its essential oil mainly consists of geraniol and a maximum of 10% citronellal. Also from Cymbopogon winterianus Citronella is won. [11]

Lemongrass is from the rust mushrooms PUCCINIA NAKANISHIKII , Puccinia cymbopogonis and Puccinia purpurea befallen. [twelfth]

  • Shou-liang Chen, Sylvia M. Phillips: Cymbopogon citratus. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (hrsg.): Flora of China. Volume 22: Poaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2006, ISBN 1-930723-50-4, p. 627. (Description section)
  • W. D. Clayton, M. S. Vorontsova, K. T. Harman, H. Williamson: data sheet at GrassBase – The Online World Grass Flora . (Section description)
  • Bryan Kenneth Simon, 2012: Cymbopogon citratus at GrassWorld .
  • Lemongrass data sheet Cymbopogon spec. at Aromatic and Medicinal Plants From Purdue.

Individually [ Edit | Edit the source text ]

  1. ↑ a b Cymbopogon citratus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Abgerufen am 12. August 2013.
  2. ↑ a b c d It is f Lemongrass data sheet Cymbopogon Spec. at Aromatic and Medicinal Plants by Purdue, 1997.
  3. ↑ a b c Data sheet at Missouri Botanical Garden .
  4. ↑ a b c d It is W. D. Clayton, M. S. Vorontsova, K. T. Harman, H. Williamson: data sheet at GrassBase – The Online World Grass Flora .
  5. ↑ a b c d It is f Shou-liang Chen, Sylvia M. Phillips: Cymbopogon citratus. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (hrsg.): Flora of China. Volume 22: Poaceae. Science Press Und Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing Und St. Louis 2006, ISBN 1-930723-50-4, S. 627.
  6. ↑ Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae) (engl., PDF ) In: Dr. Duke’s Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Database , Ed. U.S. Department of Agriculture, accessed on July 17, 2021.
  7. ↑ a b data sheet ( Memento from July 28, 2014 in Internet Archive ) in the University of Mainz .
  8. ↑ Cymbopogon citratus at tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis accessed August 12, 2013.}
  9. ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (HRSG): Cymbopogon citratus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) – The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew , accessed March 28, 2018.
  10. ↑ Cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass) – KEW data sheet.
  11. ↑ David John Mabberley: Mabberley’s Plant-Book. A portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses. 3rd edition, Cambridge University Press 2008, ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4. P. 246.
  12. ↑ George Baker Cummins: The Rust Fungi of Cereals, Grasses and Bamboos. Springer, Berlin 1971, ISBN 3-540-05336-0.
  • D. Martinez, R. Hartwig: Paperback of the Riechs: a lexicon from A – Z. 1. Auflage. Verlag Harri Deutsch, thun/ Frankfurt Am Main 1998, ISBN 3-8171-1
after-content-x4