Protonunagge – Wikipedia
Protonuraghen (also corridor or pseudonuraghen, Italian Corridor nuraghe ) are the pre- or early form of the classic tholos causes ( Italian Nuraghe in Tholos ) the Bronze Age Nuraghent culture in Sardinia.
The age of the protonurage was debated for a long time. The archaeologist Giovanni Lilliu initially thought she was degenerate forms of the actual towers. The first excavations seemed to be supported. Lilliu quoted Pausanias, who was the Roman attack of 231 BC. BC described and mented that the indigenous people of Sardinia led their attacks from underground buildings and caves. Protonuraghen seemed to meet this description, since they were often built using rocks (especially the protonurage Albucciu). Ercole Contu (1924-2018), who headed the excavation of the protonura height Peppe Gallu was able to prove the opposite. After the excavation of the protonurae Brunku Madagui (surrounded by a late Nuraghic settlement), it is undoubtedly certain that protonuraghs are to be dated into the early Bronze Age. However, there are indications that some of them were used until the Iron Age and even in the colonial era.
There are only a few among the protonurage agencies who have rounds (Izzana at Aggius and Serra Castrula), which are mandatory for the later nuraghen. Incidentally, there are two cultures that they built in four basic forms:
1. Corridorage agency;
Sometimes a walk covered with horizontal plates (fall) or a walk covered with a cantilever vault completely crosses the building, which creates a double -sided access. There are simple gait structures that the Nuraghe Urzeghe shows and complexes in protonurage tusari (with five niches and a staircase) and similar systems similar to the Corsic tores, based on natural rock elements (Albucciu near Arzachena and Arrubiu near Quirra).
2. Protonuraghen with a ship -shaped interior;
A later development of the protonuraghs is a type, the corridor of which becomes wider and higher after a tight and low with fall. The ceiling has the shape of a donkey back or a converted ship (Protonurage Orgono).
3. At the most widespread, the type is the type with blindly ending corridor, on which there are small side locations or cross -corridors crossing, which, among other things, open to a staircase that led to the upper part of the building. In other cases, the corridor opened short crossings with endally small rooms covered with cantilever vaults. These are harbingers of the tholos causes. The transition to the nuraghes with vaults seem to be presented by Albucciu, at Arzachena, Izzana and Su Mulinu, at Villanovafranca, in which both can be found.
4. In some cases (Friaarosu, near Mogorella) there are no corridors in the wall mass, but only small cells accessible from the outside.
The floor plans of protonuraghen can be round, oval, d-shaped, trapezoid, rectangular or irregular (Nuraghe Brunku Madagui). In addition to corridors and niches, there is sometimes a so -called guards near the entrance (e.g. Front’e Mola near Thiesi). Individuals of the shapes, which are up to 10 m high, up to 250 m², are two or had a roof platform. With these buildings, the license plates of which are remarkable walls of the wall, of which only a small part was used by a few narrow rooms, the platform of the upper terrace was the functional part.
Protonuraghen, when the architecture of the more than 25 times as frequent tholos causes, possibly continued to be used.
The tholos causes are always round, much higher (up to 20 m), but cover a lower floor area (about 100 m²). Its feature is the central, round chamber, rarely without, more often with two to four niches; Mostly with three – like the outlined Nuraghe. This means that their inner construction (especially as far as the dome shape is concerned) roughly corresponds to the Irish-Scottish megalithic systems of the Newgrange and Maes Howe type, while the floor plan corresponds to the Scottish Brochs.
The approximately 300 protonuraghs in Sardinia were created during phase B of the two-phase Bonnanaro culture, which as the successor to both Megalithic and copper-Age Monte Claro culture around 1800 and 1500 BC. BC prevailed.
- Albucciciu, arzachena (OT)
- Brunku Madaguai, Gostors (MC)
- CORNUGGI MARIA, Nurri (CA): Construction works
- Friarosu, Mogorella (OR)
- Front’e Mola, Thiesi (SS)
- Izzana, Tempio Pausania (SS)
- Organ, Ghilarza (OR)
- Sa Fogaia, Siddi (MC)
- Seneghe, Call (or)
- Peppe Capacity, Uri (SS)
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