[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/forests-in-the-south-of-the-great-lakes-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/forests-in-the-south-of-the-great-lakes-wikipedia\/","headline":"Forests in the south of the Great Lakes – Wikipedia","name":"Forests in the south of the Great Lakes – Wikipedia","description":"A wikipedia article, free l’encyclop\u00e9i. Geography and climate Surface [ 2 ] : Key data min. max. Altitude [ 2","datePublished":"2017-05-02","dateModified":"2017-05-02","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d1\/2007-5-25-_Rondeau_Ontario_-_Provincial_Park_%2847%29.JPG\/260px-2007-5-25-_Rondeau_Ontario_-_Provincial_Park_%2847%29.JPG","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d1\/2007-5-25-_Rondeau_Ontario_-_Provincial_Park_%2847%29.JPG\/260px-2007-5-25-_Rondeau_Ontario_-_Provincial_Park_%2847%29.JPG","height":"195","width":"260"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/forests-in-the-south-of-the-great-lakes-wikipedia\/","wordCount":2601,"articleBody":"A wikipedia article, free l’encyclop\u00e9i.  Geography and climate Surface [ 2 ] :  Key data min. max. Altitude [ 2 ] : 75 m 517 m Temperature [ 2 ] : \u22128  \u00b0C 25  \u00b0C Precipitation [ 2 ] : 27 mm 131 mm Localisation  modifier  THE Forests in the south of the Great Lakes are a north-American terrestrial eco-region of the forest temperate forest of deciduous trees of the World Wildlife Fund [ 6 ]   This ecoregion covers southern Ontario and Michigan, the west of the New York and Pennsylvania states, north and west of Ohio and a large part of northern Indiana [ 6 ] . The average annual temperature is 8 \u00b0C . The average summer temperature is 18 \u00b0C While in winter it is \u22122.5 \u00b0C . The annual precipitation rate is between 750 mm and 900 mm [ 6 ] . This eco -region is mainly characterized by a undulating relief and to a lesser extent flat. In the Great Lakes region, there are rare examples of dunes associated with freshwater systems, for example, at Pointe Long, in the Provincial Park Presqu\u2019\u00eele, at the Rondeau Provincial Park and at Pointe-Pel\u00e9e National Park in Ontario [ 6 ] . There are very few of the original forests of this ecoregion. These mixed forests were made up of 80% sugar maple and America beech trees. The more arid areas supported stands made up of oaks and colayers. The wet or flooded areas were colonized by the elms, the ashs and the red maple. Great lakes dune systems are home to unique plant communities and are important migratory stops for birds [ 6 ] . The almost all of this eco -region has been altered in favor of agriculture, industrialization and urbanization. Several important urban centers are established there: Toronto, Hamilton, Buffalo, Rochester, Syracuse, Detroit, Windsor, Cleveland, Cincinnati, Columbus and Indianapolis [ 6 ] . \u2191 (in) D. M. Olson , AND. Dinerstein , E. D. Wikramanayake , N. D. Burgess , G. V. N. Powell , E. C. Underwood , J. A. Friend , I. Itoua , H. E. Strand , J. C. Morrison , C. J. Loucks , T. F. Allnutt , T. H. Ricketts , AND. In which , J. F. Lamoreux , W. W. Wettengel , P. Hedao and K. R. Kassem , ‘ Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth \u00bb , BioScience , vol. 51, n O 11, 2001 , p. 935-938 .  \u2191 A B C and D (in) World Wildlife Fund, ‘ The Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World Base Global Dataset\u00bb , on http:\/\/worldwildlife.org  (consulted the September 29, 2012 ) . Alternately available on: Loyola RD, Oliveira-Santos LGR, Almeida-Neto M, Nogueira DM, Kubota U, et al., ‘ Integrating Economic Costs and Biological Traits into Global Conservation Priorities for Carnivores \u00bb , PLoS ONE, 2009 (consulted the October 20, 2012 ) , Table S1. Temperature and precipitation data are the minimum and maximum monthly averages.  \u2191 (in) G. Kier , J. Mutke , AND. Dinerstein , T. H. Ricketts , IN. KUPER , H. Cancer and W. Barthlott , ‘ Global patterns of plant diversity and floristic knowledge \u00bb , Journal of Biogeography , vol. 32, 2005 , p. 1107\u20131116 (DOI\u00a0 10.1111\/j.1365-2699.2005.01272.x, read online ) , data and card available in the Atlas of Global Conservation .  \u2191 A B C D and E (in) World Wildlife Fund, ‘ WildFinder: Online database of species distributions \u00bb , January 2006 , data and card available in the Atlas of Global Conservation .  \u2191 A B and C (in) J. M. Hoekstra , J. L. Molnar , M. Jennings , C. Revey , M. D. Spalding , T. M. Boucher , J. C. Robertson , T. J. Pile and K. Ellison , The Atlas of Global Conservation\u00a0: Changes, Challenges, and Opportunities to Make a Difference , Berkeley, University of California Press, 2010 ( read online ) , data and card available in the Atlas of Global Conservation .  \u2191 a b c d e and f (in)  ‘ Southern Great Lakes forests (NA0414) \u00bb , World Wildlife Fund, October 20, 2010    "},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/forests-in-the-south-of-the-great-lakes-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Forests in the south of the Great Lakes – Wikipedia"}}]}]