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David Lynch  [ \u02c8e d It is \u026a in \u026a d  l \u026a n t\u0361\u0283 ] [ first ] is a filmmaker, screenwriter, photographer, American musician and painter born January 20, 1946 in Missoula (Montana). He is the author of 10 feature films released between 1977 and 2006, as well as a notable television series, Twin Peaks , initially released in 1990-91 and extended in 2017. Nomed in cinema Oscars as best director for Elephant Man (1980), Blue Velvet (1986) and Mulholland Drive (2001), he received the Palme d’Or at the Cannes Film Festival in 1990 for Sailor and Lula And a golden lion of honor at the Venice Mostra in 2006. His innovative and surreal style, sometimes described as “Lynchian”, has become recognizable for many spectators and criticisms. It is characterized by its dreamlike imaging and its meticulous sound design. The sometimes violent imagery of his films gives him the reputation of “disturbing, offending or mystifying” his audience [ 2 ] . David Lynch takes a dark and hallucinated look at the disturbing human reality which hides behind the social varnish, within the small American villages (in Blue Velvet or Twin Peaks ) or Los Angeles (in Lost Highway or Mulholland Drive ). He subsequently gave new orientations to his artistic career, making himself known as a painter, photographer, musician [ 3 ] , designer or web videographer. Since the creation of his David-Lynch Foundation in 2005, he has engaged in promoting transcendental meditation to help so-called “risk” populations [ 4 ] . Film criticism Pauline Kael describes it as “first popular surrealist” [ 3 ] ; In 2007, a panel of criticisms gathered by The Guardian The place at the top of a list of 40 directors [ 5 ] , while the Allmovie site defines it as “the man-orchestra of modern American cinema” [ 6 ] .   Origin and childhood [ modifier | Modifier and code ]  David Keith Lynch was born in Missoula, in the state of Montana, the January 20, 1946 [ 7 ] . His father, Donald Walton Lynch (1915\u20132007), is a researcher for the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and his mother, Edwina “Sunny” Lynch n\u00e9e Sundholm (1919\u20132004), is a professor of English. Two of Lynch’s maternal great-grandparents were Finno-Su\u00e9dois immigrants who arrived in the United States in the XIX It is century [ 8 ] . He receives a presbyterian education [ 9 ] , [ ten ] . Lynch often move according to Donald’s mutations. Thus, his parents leave to settle in Sandpoint, in Idaho, when he has two months. Two years later, after the birth of his brother John, the family left for Spokane, Washington, where Lynch’s sister is born, Martha. The family then leaves for Durham, North Carolina, Boisse, Idaho and Alexandria, Virginia [ 7 ] . Lynch adapts relatively easily to this traveling life, noting that he generally had no problem making new friends each time he entered a new school [ 11 ] . He declares about his childhood: “As a child, I found the world completely fantastic. Of course, I had the usual fears, like going to school … For me, at the time, school was a crime against young people. It destroyed the seeds of freedom. The teachers did not encourage neither knowledge nor a positive attitude \u201d [ twelfth ] Lynch joins the Boy Scouts, where he reached the rank of Eagle Scout. It is for this reason that it is present with other boy scouts outside the White House during the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy, the day of the fifteenth anniversary of Lynch [ 13 ] . Lynch is interested in painting and drawing from an early age, and begins to think of doing his job when he lives in Virginia, where the father of one of his friends is a professional painter [ 14 ] . At the Lyc\u00e9e Francis C. Hammond d’Alexandria, Lynch does not excel in terms of results, showing little interest in school work but is appreciated by other high school students. After his departure, he decided to study painting at university and started his studies at the Corcoran School of the Arts and Design (in) , Washington, DC, avant de partir en 1964 pour la School of the Museum of Fine Arts at Tufts\u00a0 (in) In Boston, where he shares his room with the musician Peter Wolf [ 15 ] , [ 16 ] . He leaves school after only a year: \u201cI was not at all inspired by this place. He chooses to travel across Europe for three years with his friend Jack Fisk: the two wish to study with the Austrian expressionist painter Oskar Kokoschka, but arriving in Salzburg, they find that he is not available; disappointed, they leave for the United States after only two weeks in Europe [ 17 ] . Beginnings in Philadelphia and short films [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Back in the United States, he settled in Philadelphia and enrolled in 1965 at the Academy of Fine Arts in Pennsylvania [ 18 ] . He prefers this university to his previous Boston school: “In Philadelphia, there were great painters, and everyone influenced each other, it was a beautiful era [ 19 ] . \u00bb  He began a relationship with a study comrade, Peggy Reavey, whom he married in 1967 [ 20 ] . The following year, Peggy gave birth to a girl, Jennifer. The family moves to Fairmount, in the suburbs of Philadelphia. To support the family, Lynch works in the impression of engravings [ 21 ] . At the Pennsylvania Academy, he conceived the idea of \u200b\u200bgiving movement to his paintings [ 20 ] and made his first short film, Six Figures Getting Sick (1967) [ 22 ] . He passed the film in a loop at the annual end -of -year exhibition of the Academy, where he shares the first prize [ 23 ] . Following an order from a classmate, he experiences an animation and direct mixture with the four -minute short film The Alphabet (1968). Having learned that the American Film Institute grants subsidies to filmmakers who could support their candidacy with a previous work and a scenario for a new project, Lynch sends a copy of The Alphabet With a written script for a new short film which would be almost entirely filmed live, The Grandmother , for which the Institute decides to grant him funding. The extras are relatives of Lynch, at her work and at university, and the decorations his own house [ 24 ] . The Grandmother portrayed an abandoned child who “grows” a grandmother from a seed to take care of him. According to Cinema critics Michelle Le Blanc et Colin Odell: “This film is a real oddity but contains most of the themes and ideas that will arise in its subsequent work, and shows a remarkable mastery of the media [ 25 ] . \u00bb Revelation and consecration (1980s) [ modifier | Modifier and code ]  David Lynch at the 42 It is Emmy Awards ceremony in 1990, where he was nominated for Twin Peaks . Student in plastic arts, David Lynch, initially a painter, tried himself very early in the cinema and engages in various experiments which lead to Eraserhead In 1977, film-the-lap film, shot in black and white and completely self-produced. After seeing the film, Mel Brooks decides to entrust Lynch the realization of Elephant Man (1980), inspired by the life of Joseph Merrick [ 26 ] . The film, also shot in black and white, mixes realism and symbolism and pays homage to expressionist cinema. He won the Grand Prix of the Avoriaz Festival and the C\u00e9sar for the best foreign film. In addition, he brings notoriety to his director. Impressed by this first success, Raffaella de Laurentiis convinces her father Dino to hire Lynch as director of the superproduction Dune (1984), adapted from the work of Frank Herbert [ 27 ] . For this very expensive and complex science fiction film, critical and public welcome is mixed and the director deny this film of which he failed to have the final cut . Lynch returned to success in 1986 thanks to Blue Velvet , Grand Prix of the Avoriaz Festival, thriller with an erotic and unhealthy atmosphere with in particular Kyle Maclachlan, Dennis Hopper and Dean Stockwell. This is a project written before Dune , that Dino de Laurentiis had contractually committed to finance and which has a fairly modest budget of $ 5 million. During the shooting, Lynch establishes a romantic relationship that lasts four years with Isabella Rossellini, the main actress. His next film, Sailor and Lula ( Wild at Heart , 1990), which tells the story of two fleeing lovers interpreted by Nicolas Cage and Laura Dern, mixes tale, ultra-violence, road movie, thriller, adventure film and musical comedy and is worth the filmmaker La Palme d’Or of 43 It is Cannes film festival. TV series and European collaborations (years 1990-2000) [ modifier | Modifier and code ] In 1989, David Lynch created, with the screenwriter Mark Frost, the series Twin Peaks . Broadcast from 1990 to 1991 on ABC, the series will quickly become cult by mixing the fantastic absurd, drama and thriller against a crime in a mysterious city. Even if it is selected several times at the Emmy Awards, the series will be deprogrammed after two seasons for declining audiences, leaving the series on a cliffhanger. During the 1990s, Lynch felt isolated as a creator in the Hollywood system: he does not forget how much the production of Dune has been difficult and he suffers from always having to negotiate his financial and artistic autonomy very at length. Thanks to Pierre Edelman, he signed a contract in France to make three films, from Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me . He is put in touch with producer Alain Sarde and subsequently with Studiocanal [ 28 ] . From then on, his films are mainly funded by French production houses and by his own company, Asymetrical Productions [ 28 ] , [ 29 ] .  A true story ( The Straight Story , 1999), which narrates the crossing of the American territory in the lawn mower by an old man, marks a break with his previous works. Wanned and sober, the film, whose script is co -written by his wife Mary Sweeney, is more peaceful and almost optimistic. In 2000, David Lynch created a studio, with a film school in \u0142\u00f3d\u017a in the project and took photographs of factories and women there that were exhibited in Paris in 2004 [ 30 ] . A 2001 black Mulholland Drive . With this film which returns to its aesthetics and its usual experiments, Lynch receives the praises of the criticism, the prize for staging in Cannes and the C\u00e9sar for the best foreign film. During production, he would have pushed the “Cult of secrecy” : He would have refused to give information to his producers on the film and the rumor said that he would have sent them a scenario under seal, dedicated to being destroyed after the shooting. At the time, he would have considered his French producer Studiocanal, also responsible for the international sale of his works, as “A sponsor that would pass him everything [ 28 ] . \u00bb The film is a success, reaching $ 20 million in revenue [ 28 ] . In 2002, David Lynch chaired the jury of 55 It is Cannes Film Festival which attributes the Palme d’Or to Pianist de roman Polanski [ thirty first ] , [ 32 ] . Inland Empire , released in France the February 7, 2007 , turned between \u0142\u00f3d\u017a in Poland and the United States, is a Franco-Polish and American co-production. Lynch pushed his desire for independence to the point of not communicating to its producers neither the scenario, the real budget, nor the set plan [ 28 ] . The director is completely isolates himself with his actors and his wife and editor, Mary Sweeney [ 28 ] . When Studiocanal discovers the film, the disappointment is great. Inland Empire is considered too bizarre, incomprehensible and “Amazable [ 28 ] . \u00bb The film, which receives a contrasting critical reception, only reports $ 4 million (five times less than Mulholland Drive , his previous film). Very affected by this public failure, the director decides to deviate from cinema [ 28 ] . Since first is June 2009 , he publishes on his website a series of interviews with medium Americans, crossed during a trip to all the United States [ 33 ] . He produces these short films of three to five minutes made by his son Austin Lynch [ 34 ] . Return to screen [ modifier | Modifier and code ] In 2011, he tried to achieve Ronnie Rocket , according to a former script written after Eraserhead Recounting the investigation, in the 1950s, in the abduction of a dwarf rocker in an industrial city. The project, which was to be produced by Pierre Edelman and Alain Sarde, did not find the funding necessary for its realization. His quote would have amounted to more than 25 million euros and the filmmaker would have refused to make the slightest dealership on his artistic choices [ 28 ] . But it is television that allows him to return to the realization. He worked in 2015 following, so much claimed by fans of the cult series Twin Peaks . Produced in 2016, it was broadcast in early 2017 [ 35 ] On Showtime. The 18 episodes of season 3 will all be produced by Lynch [ 36 ] and written in collaboration with Mark Frost [ 37 ] . In November 2020 , several media report a series in preparation, designated under the title Wisteria , which would be written and produced by David, in collaboration with producer Sabrina S. Sutherland and broadcast on Netflix [ 38 ] , [ 39 ] , [ 40 ] , with according to Production Weekly , a shoot in May 2021 [ 41 ] . However, nothing is confirmed later, and Sabrina S. Sutherland announced at the end of 2021 that David Lynch was taken by other projects [ 42 ] . As for a new film which would be presented at the 2022 Cannes Film Festival, David Lynch assures in April in an interview with the magazine Entertainment Weekly that he has no planned film and that this is a rumor [ 43 ] . In February 2022, Variety Announcement that David Lynch was chosen for a role in the film by Steven Spielberg The Fabelmans [ 44 ] , role which turns out to be that of director John Ford later when he meets Spielberg, staged in the last moments of the film [ 45 ] . Private life [ modifier | Modifier and code ] David Lynch has four children. He is the father of director Jennifer Lynch born in 1968, whose mother is the painter Peggy Reavey. He divorces when his daughter is six years old [ forty six ] . His son Austin Jack Lynch was born in 1982 from his union with Mary Fisk [ 47 ] . He was the husband of his editor and producer Mary Sweeney. In 2009, he married for the fourth time, with actress Emily Stofle, mother of her fourth child [ 28 ] . Decorations [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Universe [ modifier | Modifier and code ] The work of David Lynch, who puts everyday and imaginary world on the same level, is rebellious to any label [ 50 ] . He develops, in his series as in his films, a very personal surrealist universe where experimental cinema, genre cinema, graphics and innovative research mix, both dramatically and plastic (hypnotic images, disturbing soundtrack, taste of mystery , oddity and deformity …) [ 51 ] . There are several references to painting (J\u00e9r\u00f4me Bosch, Edward Hopper, Francis Bacon\u2026) [ 50 ] . And Elephant Man , Blue Velvet , Sailor and Lula And A true story develop a completely or globally understandable story, its other achievements break the codes of a linear and conventional cinematic narration [ 50 ] , [ 51 ] . The laws of the film noir in particular are used, diverted then finally destroyed: this is the case in Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me (1992), Lost Highway (1997) and Mulholland Drive (2001) [ 52 ] . These last two films are representative of the way the filmmaker abandons his intrigue halfway and passes into an upset context where the actors seem to interpret different roles and where the sets occupy a new function [ 50 ] , [ 51 ] . The readability of the story is deliberately blurred and an irresolute enigma is disseminated in a sophisticated world in which the meaning is erased and the border between reality, nightmare and hallucination disappears [ 53 ] . In addition, Lynch does not hesitate to manipulate certain cinematographic shots in a subversive way: in Blue Velvet , it transforms the idealism of the 1950s into a nightmare and the dominant model of the opulent sub -class grassy suburbs [ 50 ] . Series Twin Peaks Hurry, meanwhile, to go from melo to anxiety, passing through comedy [ 50 ] . Its silent and anxiety -provoking cinema mixes violence, macabre and grotesque with a form of social normality and seeks to transcribe the deep reality of fantasies, from a bright world to a night universe where repressed pulses arise [ 50 ] , [ 54 ] . Influences [ modifier | Modifier and code ] According to David Lynch, his work is getting closer in several respects to that of European filmmakers and directors [ 55 ] And he evokes his admiration for filmmakers such as Federico Fellini [ 55 ] , Werner Herzog, Alfred Hitchcock [ 56 ] , Roman Polanski, Jacques Tati [ 55 ] , Stanley Kubrick, Billy Wilder, Jean-Luc Godard [ 57 ] or Ingmar Bergman [ 57 ] . Boulevard du twilight de Wilder (1950) is one of his favorite films [ 58 ] , as Lolita by Kubrick (1962), The holidays of Mr. Hulot by dads (1953), Courtyard window d’Hitchcock (1954) et Bruno’s ballad The Duke (1977) [ 59 ] . He also quotes other influences such as The soul carnival by Herk Harvey (1962) et Deep End De Jerzy Skolimowski (1970) [ 60 ] . “I look at the world and I see the absurd all around me. People constantly do strange things, to the point that for the most part we manage not to see them. This is why I like cafes and public places – what I mean, that’s where they are all [ sixty one ] . \u00bb But the work of David Lynch also draws his sources from painting, including that of Edward Hopper, Francis Bacon and Henri Rousseau: hopper for the theme of loneliness, bacon for the deformations of the flesh, and Rousseau for the theme mystery [ 62 ] , as well as other artists like Edward Kienholz, Lucian Freud and David Hockney [ 63 ] . Among the literary works that marked him, David Lynch mentions Metamorphosis of Kafka, as well as other works with its favorites: Crime and Punishment de Dostoevski, The Name Above the Title\u00a0: An Autobiography de fran Frank goat, The Art Spirit by Robert Henri, et Anynymous Photographs Robert Flynn Johnson (in) [ sixty four ] . Regarding Kafka, David Lynch worked for a time, in the 1980s, on an adaptation to the cinema of Metamorphosis , without however the project successful [ 65 ] : \u201cOnce the scenario of an adaptation is completed for a feature film, I realized that the beauty of Kafka is in his words. This story is so full of words that once the scenario is finished, I realized that it was better on paper that it could never be on film [ 66 ] . \u00bb In addition, David Lynch’s work in turn exerts an influence on contemporary cinema, Serge Kaganski believing that “Lynch visions have massively influenced cinema and creation over the past twenty years [ sixty seven ] . \u00bb  More broadly, in addition to the cinematographic realization, David Lynch has long explored the plastic arts whose painting [ 68 ] and lithography, photography [ 69 ] and the music [ 70 ] . Since the commercial failure of the film Inland Empire , David Lynch has multiplied activities in various artistic fields, pushed on the one hand by a desire for experimentation, and on the other to ensure his financial income following the slowdown in his activity as a filmmaker and at the cost of his Foundation for transcendental meditation [ 28 ] . Graphics [ modifier | Modifier and code ]  The artist has an exhibition in Germany in September 2008. Lynch published from 1983 to 1992 The Angriest Dog in the World , a weekly comic strip in comic strip format whose only dialogue bubbles change from one episode to another, the remaining identical boxes. David Lynch has never completely abandoned the painting and drawing he had studied younger. It is during the editing of the film that the Director General of the Cartier Foundation for Contemporary Art asks to see his work. Enthusiastic, he implements an exhibition in Paris [ 28 ] . In mars 2007 The exhibition takes place ” The Air Is on Fire \u00bb, Which brings together photos, plastic and sound works of the director. At the opening of the exhibition, the 2 mars , David Lynch gives a restricted audience a concert of about thirty minutes with Marek Zebrowski. The two men perform an improvisation to synthesizers, according to writings of Lynch read between the songs, and gathered under the name of Thoughts . It is also in Paris that Lynch designs a large part of her graphic work. During his exhibition at the Cartier Foundation, he discovered, nearby, the old Mourlot workshop [ 71 ] , rue du Montparnasse, now ditto Paris (which houses Item editions [ 72 ] ), and where he has taken up residence to make and print his lithographs, photo montages, etc. He writes in this regard: ‘ I see this incredible place, and I get the opportunity to work there. And this was like a dream! It just opened up this brand-new world of the lithography and the magic of lithography, the magic of the stones [ 71 ] . \u00bb In 2012, he made a short film in black and white video entitled Idem Paris, showing the draw of his lithographs on the workshop presses [ 71 ] . Its graphic production has notably been the subject of an exhibition [ seventy three ] At the original Gravelines drawing and print museum. In 2012, Lynch exhibited her lithographs and short films at Frac Auvergne (Clermont-Ferrand). This exhibition gave rise to the publication of a book [ 74 ] and the acquisition of a drawing and six prints by the collection of the FRAC. In 2013, the center of engraving in La Louvi\u00e8re present ” Circle of Dreams – Prints and short films “, a set of lithographs and short films delivering a plot of the universe of the American filmmaker, made of dreams and anxieties [ 75 ] . It seems that, by his graphic work, David Lynch has the impression of being able to renew his creative process, as if he felt that he had reached a limit with his cinematographic work. He can in his workshop create with less pressure than that which exists when he makes a film [ 28 ] . If his exhibitions travel around the world and if his works are sold, Lynch nevertheless seems not to be completely recognized in the art world: according to Patrick Steffen, editor -in -chief of the specialized journal Flash Art in Los Angeles, questioned by Inrockuptibles , curiosity for his work comes above all from his notoriety as a filmmaker. It is rarely quoted in contemporary art journals and its paintings would not have “The sophistication of his films [ 28 ] . \u00bb  David Lynch also produced lithographs in homage to Italian filmmaker Federico Fellini [ 76 ] . Music [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Among his passions, David Lynch also counts music, which he often tried, for example on the album Dark Night of the Soul , danger Mouse and Sparklehorse. Besides the music of his series Twin Peaks , written by Angelo Badalamenti but in which he participated, in 2001 he made the album in 2001 BlueBob\u00a0 (in) , an album Blues\/industrial rock written and interpreted with John Neff. Two of the songs from the album, Mountains Falling And Go Get Some , appear in his film Mullholland Drive . All the instruments are played by the duo, and Lynch is not only co-interpreted, co-producer and co-creator of the songs, but also ensures the mixing and design of the album. In 2010, he took a more pronounced turning point by leaving, under his own name, two titles with an electro tone, on an independent label, entitled Good Day Today And I Know . He even launched a large competition open to amateur filmmakers to make their own clip titles, with the key to a reward for 2 000 Sterling books for winners [ 77 ] ; The competition is won by Arnold de Parscau, Rennes student [ 78 ] . Lynch also creates a new site to bring together the best emerging artists in order to support the works of its foundation [ 79 ] . In 2011, he released his first solo album, Crazy Clown Time , and, in 2013, announced the release of his new musical album, of tone Blues, The Big Dream [ 80 ] . The June 10, 2013 , the title I’m Waiting Here , interpreted by David Lynch and the singer Lykke Li, is broadcast on the internet [ 81 ] . Advertisement [ modifier | Modifier and code ] David Lynch has produced, since the early 1990s, a dozen advertising spots, among others for PlayStation, Calvin Klein, Nissan, Barilla [ 82 ] ( Piazza Navona in 1993 with G\u00e9rard Depardieu), or Lady Dior (with Marion Cotillard) in the 2010s. Design [ modifier | Modifier and code ] David Lynch has worked in recent years on very different projects: he has carried out an installation exposed in the window for the Galeries Lafayette in 2009 entitled Machines, Abstraction and Women , drew a bottle of champagne for Dom P\u00e9rignon and designed the interior design of a Parisian nightclub, Le Silencio, 142 rue Montmartre [ 83 ] . It seems that it is strongly involved in these kinds of projects. His entourage declares that he is only committed to it if he has ” A favorite ” and that he has the assurance of enjoying a freedom of total creation [ 28 ] . Youtube channel [ modifier | Modifier and code ] The November 16, 2018 , he creates his YouTube channel [ 84 ] entitled David Lynch’s Theater [ 85 ] , on which he publishes his first video on May 11 2020 , this being the beginning of a series of weather reports -For the city of Los Angeles in the United States-without interruption. In addition to weather reports Daily, Lynch also publishes short films – unpublished or released in the past – [ eighty six ] as Yarn (pose) or Rabbits [ eighty seven ] , presentations of his work in a series entitled What Is David Working on Today? [ 88 ] , DIY and sewing advice [ eighty seven ] , interviews where he answers questions from his fans [ eighty seven ] , as well as, from the pandemic period of COVID-19 in 2020, a draw of the number between 1 and 10, Today’s Number is… [ 89 ] . Transcendental meditation [ modifier | Modifier and code ]  Lynch at a conference in Washington, D.C, in January 2007. David Lynch learns the technique of transcendental meditation in July 1973 , and practice regularly since [ 90 ] , [ 91 ] , [ 92 ] . He evokes in his book, Catching the Big Fish , the impact of this technique on its creative process. In 2005, he created the “David Lynch Foundation for World Peace and an education based on conscience” to provide financing scholarships to high school students, students and other so -called “risk” populations, interested in learning the technique of Transcendental meditation and to finance research on technique and its effects on learning [ 93 ] . He attended the cremation of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi in India in 2008 [ ninety four ] . In 2009, he went to India once again to do interviews with people who rubbed shoulders with Maharishi Mahesh Yogi in order to make a biographical documentary [ 95 ] , [ 96 ] . The April 18, 2010 , on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the first coming in France by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi [ 97 ] , the filmmaker gives a press conference in Lille to talk about the profits that could be expected of transcendental meditation to combat violence in school, an approach he would like to experiment in France in a dozen schools suburban [ 98 ] , [ 99 ] , [ 100 ] . David Lynch also gave a series of conferences in favor of transcendental meditation, of which sequences have been filmed and brought together by the David Lynch Foundation in a 2012 documentary, Meditation, Creativity, Peace [ 101 ] . The young director of the 2010 documentary David et les yogis volants (original title : David wants to fly ), David Sieveking, takes a critical look at Lynch as much as on rajas , national officials of the transcendental meditation movement [ 102 ] . September 11, 2001 attacks [ modifier | Modifier and code ] In an interview broadcast the December 3, 2006 in the show World guests On the Dutch VPro television channel [ 103 ] , then in Alex Jones’ radio show [ 104 ] In the United States, David Lynch displays his perplexity as to the government’s explanation of the attacks of September 11, 2001 without preferring him to however other theories: “There are a lot of questions, but there is no answer [ 105 ] . \u00bb  Presidential elections [ modifier | Modifier and code ] He announces, the 29 mars 2016 , his support for Democratic candidate Bernie Sanders for the 2016 American presidential election, via a message posted on Twitter [ 106 ] , [ 107 ] . Feature films [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Short films (selection) [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Compilation [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Series [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Actor or various contributions [ modifier | Modifier and code ] In addition to its multiple functions behind the camera (composer, editor, mixer, decorator, animator, producer, screenwriter, executive, sound engineer, director), David Lynch is also an actor. He stages himself in the series Mysteries in Twin Peaks And the homonymous film, where he plays the role of agent Gordon Cole, whose particularity is to be hearing impaired. He also collaborates with other directors, such as Tina Rathborne (in) ( Zelly and Me , 1988), Michael Almereyda, taking on the role of a receptionist of a morgue in Nadja (1994), then in Midnight Movies: From the Margin to the Mainstream\u00a0 (in) , a documentary made in 2006 by Stuart Samuels (in) . In The Cleveland Show , series created by Seth MacFarlane, Lynch lends her voice to the bartender Gus, a character strangely resembling him. Clips [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Recurring collaborations [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Cinema and artistic actors and professionals have collaborated recurrently with David Lynch; So composer Angelo Badalamenti [ 115 ] , of her ex-wife the editor and producer Mary Sweeney [ 116 ] , or actors Harry Dean Stanton [ 117 ] , Jack Nance [ 118 ] , Kyle Maclachlan [ 119 ] , Naomi Watts, Isabella Rossellini, Grace Zabriskie [ 120 ] And Laura Dern [ 121 ] . Musicians in Lynch’s cinema [ modifier | Modifier and code ] On several occasions, Lynch included famous musicians in her films. Albums [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Singles [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Albums in collaboration with other artists [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Soundtracks with other artists [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Eraserhead: Original Soundtrack With Alan Splet, 1982 David Lynch’s Mulholland Drive: Music from the Motion Picture Avec Angelo Badalamenti, 2001 The Air Is on Fire (album)\u00a0 (in) , 2007 David Lynch’s Inland Empire: Soundtrack , 17 tracks, various artists, 2007 Twin Peaks Music: Season Two Music and More\u00a0 (in) , Avec Angelo Badalamenti, 2007 The Twin Peaks Archive , Avec Angelo Badalamenti, 2011 Other musical projects [ modifier | Modifier and code ] This section summarizes the main awards and appointments obtained by David Lynch. For a more complete list, consult IMDb [ 123 ] .  Awards [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Appointments and selections [ modifier | Modifier and code ] By David Lynch [ modifier | Modifier and code ] David Lynch And Nicolas Richard ( trad. from English), My true story (Catching the Big Fish) : Meditation, conscience and creativity , PARIS, Sonatine, April 24, 2008 , 156 p.  (ISBN\u00a0 978-2-35584-009-8 ) David Lynch, Chris Rodley et Serge Gr\u00fcneberg ( trad. from English), David Lynch: Interviews with Chris Rodley, films, photographs, paintings , Paris, Cahiers du cinema, October 24, 2004 , 224 p.  (ISBN\u00a0 2-86642-371-2 And 978-2866423711 ) (in) David Lynch et Chris Rodley, Lynch on Lynch (revised edition) , New York, Faber and Faber, 2005 (ISBN\u00a0 978-0-571-22018-2-2 ) David Lynch, Works on paper , published following the exhibition “David Lynch, The Air is on Fire \u00bbTo the Cartier Foundation of mars 2007 , Steidl, 2011 David Lynch et Kristine McKenna, The space of the dream [“Room to Dream”], trad. by Carole Delporte and Johan Frederik Hel Guedj, Paris, JC Latt\u00e8s editions, 2018, 600 p. (ISBN\u00a0 978-2-7096-5624-5 ) On David Lynch [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Tests, French -speaking studies [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Michel Cione, David Lynch , Paris, Cahiers du cinema, coll. “Authors”, 2001 ( first re  ed. 1992), 288 p.  (ISBN\u00a0 2-86642-319-4 ) \u00ab\u00a0David Lynch\u00a0\u00bb, Inrockuptibles , special under the direction of Christian Fevret, 4 It is quarter 2004 The Purgatory of Sens: “Lost Highway”, by David Lynch , Guy Astic, Deep Red Editions, 2004 Twin Peaks, David Lynch’s laboratories , Guy Astic, Deep Red Editions, 2005 “Violence and psychopathology in the cinematic work of David Lynch”, thesis of exercise by Anne Sabatier (Medicine), Dijon, 2005 Mulholland Drive, de David Lynch (Dirt Walk With Me) , Herv\u00e9 Aubron, Yellow Now, 2006 David Lynch , coll. “Masters of cinema”, by Thierry Jousse, Cahiers du Cin\u00e9ma, 2007 [ 124 ] David Lynch. A cinema in evil , Enrique Seknadje, black truck, 2010 David Lynch: Image, Material and Time , \u00c9ric Dufour, Paris, Vrin, coll. “Philosophy and cinema”, 2008 David Lynch – Man Waking From Dream , under the direction of Jean-Charles Vergne, French\/English texts by J.-C. Vergne, Mathieu Potte-Bonneville, Pierre Zaoui, 180 p., 150 color reproductions; Posted on the occasion of David Lynch’s exhibition at FRAC Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, first is Quarter 2012 “Music and sound textures as elements of the filmic narrative in the work of David Lynch, of Eraserhead (1977) at Inland Empire (2006) \u201d, Emmanuelle Bob\u00e9e, musicology thesis under the direction of Pierre-Albert Castanet and Gilles Mou\u00ebllic, University of Rouen, 2015 David Lynch , Michelle Le Blanc, Colin Odell, 2000, Harpenden, Hertfordshire: Pocket Essentials (ISBN\u00a0 1-903047-06-4 ) Films [ modifier | Modifier and code ] 1989: David Lynch: Don’t Look at Me , documentary of the series Filmmakers of our time Directed by Guy Girard [ 125 ] 2007: David Lynch’s sound , documentary by Elio Lucantonio and Micha\u00ebl desired, with David Lynch, Angelo Badalamenti and Michel Chion The film addresses all the stages of the manufacture of soundtracks from Lynch films: music, dialogues, sound effects, mixing. 2010: Lynch (One) , documentary by Jason Scheunemann (Aka Blackandwhite) shot over two years on the occasion of the shooting of Inland Empire [ 126 ] two thousand and thirteen : The dream life of David L. [ 127 ] , [ 128 ] , French feature film, directed by Paul L\u00ea and Julien Pichard with Sylvain Urban The film pays tribute to the director by imagining his student journey in fine arts. 2016: David Lynch: The Art Life\u00a0 (in) , American documentary by Jon Nguyen, Rick Barnes and Olivia Neergaard-Holm [ 129 ] , [ 130 ] \u2191 Pronunciation in American English transcribed according to the API standard.  \u2191 Lynch et Rodley 2005, p. 245.  \u2191 a et b (in) Tyler Malone, ‘ David Lynch\u2019s memoir-slash-biography is, yes, strange \u2014 and deeply American \u00bb , on Los Angeles Times , June 20, 2018 .  \u2191 (in) Peter Larsen, Tapping into TM\u00a0: Filmmaker David Lynch wants to share with schools the benefits he says he’s reaped from Transcendental Meditation , Orange County Register, August 10, 2005 , Blanket .  \u2191 ‘ 40 best directors \u00bb, The Guardian Online , London,\u200e 2007 ( read online  [ Archive du 4 juillet 2007] , consulted the September 27, 2020 ) .  \u2191 Jason Ankeny , ‘ David Lynch: Biography \u00bb , on AllMovie  (consulted the November 29, 2010 ) .  \u2191 a et b Lynch et Rodley 2005, p. first.  \u2191 ‘ David Lynch: “This world is full of hatred and anxiety” \u00bb , on The entertainment guide .  \u2191 Williams, Alex, \u00ab\u00a0 David Lynch’s Shockingly Peaceful Inner Life \u00bb, The New York Times , December 31, 2007 ( read online  [ archive du 10 septembre 2013] , consulted the November 29, 2010 ) .  \u2191 Sadighian, David, \u00ab\u00a0 David Lynch thinks we’re all lightbulbs. What? \u00bb, Yale Daily News , first is October 2005 ( read online , consulted the November 29, 2010 ) .  \u2191 Lynch et Rodley 2005, p. 2-3.  \u2191 Lynch et Rodley 2005, p. 14.  \u2191 Lynch et Rodley 2005, p. 5.  \u2191 Lynch et Rodley 2005, p. 8-9.  \u2191 ‘ Notable Alumni | Corcoran School of the Arts & Design | The George Washington University \u00bb , on Corcoran.gwu.edu .  \u2191 Peter Wolf, ‘ Peter \u00bb  [ Archive du 15 juin 2012] , on peterwolf.com , Peter Wolf, 2011 (consulted the September 27, 2020 ) .  \u2191 Lynch et Rodley 2005, p. 31-34.  \u2191 Antoine Duplan, ‘ “The Short Films of David Lynch” or the pale dawn of a creator \u00bb , on Letemps.ch , January 19, 2018 .  \u2191 Lynch et Rodley 2005, p. 36\u201337.  \u2191 a et b John O’HAHY, ‘ Wild at art \u00bb , on theguardian.com , January 12, 2002 .  \u2191 Lynch et Rodley 2005, p. 43.  \u2191 Short Films by David Lynch , 30 mars 2017, ifccenter.com .  \u2191 Lynch et Rodley 2005, p. 39.  \u2191 Lynch et Rodley 2005, p. 42\u201347.  \u2191 Le Blanc and Odell 2000, p. 18.  \u2191 Mathieu Macheret, ‘ A vaudeville, chills or apocalypse: films to forget the confinement – “Elephant Man”, by David Lynch: The looks that kill \u00bb , April 14, 2020 .  \u2191 (in) Kayleigh Donaldson, ‘ Dune: Every Previous Attempt to Adapt the Novel and What Went Wrong – Dino De Laurentiis\u2019s Dune Before Lynch \u00bb , on screenrant.com , May 12 2020 .  \u2191 A b c d e f g h i j k l m n and o Romain Blondeau \u00ab Why does David Lynch do everything except films? \u00bb, Inrockuptibles , May 12, 2013 ( read online ) .  \u2191 Asymmetrical Productions sur IMDb .  \u2191 David Lynch – Lodz 2003 , Paris, Galerie Port Autonom\u00e9 (publication on Site of the Basia Basia Embiricos ).  \u2191 2002 jury on the Cannes Film Festival website .  \u2191 Cannes Film Festival: Announcement of the Palme d’Or at Roman Polanski for The pianist on ina.fr .  \u2191 See on the artist’s website.  \u2191 H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Dalye, “on American roads with David Lynch”, The world televisions , June 21-22, 2009, p. 4.  \u2191 ‘ Season 3 postponed to 2017 – fans of “Twin Peaks” will have to be patient \u00bb , on Paradch.com  (consulted the November 4, 2015 ) .  \u2191 ‘ “Twin Peaks”: season 3 will have 18 episodes signed David Lynch \u00bb, Premiere.fr , May 26, 2015 ( read online , consulted the February 12, 2017 ) .  \u2191 (in)  \u00ab\u00a0Twin Peaks revival to air on Showtime in 2016\u00a0\u00bb , Cynthia Littleton, Variety , October 6, 2014.  \u2191 urban, ‘ David Lynch would work on a new Netflix series called “Wisteria” \u00bb , November 28, 2020 .  \u2191 (in) Ryan Lattanzio, ‘ David Lynch Netflix Project, Working Title \u2018Wisteria,\u2019 in the Works \u2014 Report \u00bb , November 28, 2020 .  \u2191 (in) Rachel Brodsky, ‘ David Lynch reportedly working on a new Netflix series called \u2018Wisteria\u2019 \u00bb , November 28, 2020 .  \u2191 (in) Will Lavin, ‘ David Lynch reportedly working on new Netflix show called \u2018Wisteria\u2019 – The director’s frequent collaborator Sabrina S. Sutherland is said to be producing \u00bb , November 28, 2020 .  \u2191 S\u00e9bastien Mauge, ‘ Quiz: from “Eraserhead” to “Inland Empire”, David Lynch in 15 questions \u00bb , on T\u00e9l\u00e9rama site , January 14, 2022 (consulted the May 26, 2022 ) .  \u2191 (in) Darren Franich, ‘ David Lynch talks Inland Empire, sawing wood, and not bringing a new film to Cannes \u00bb , on EW.com , April 12, 2022 (consulted the May 26, 2022 ) .  \u2191 J. Kim Murphy , ‘ David Lynch Joins Cast of Steven Spielberg’s ‘The Fabelmans’ (EXCLUSIVE) \u00bb , on Variety , February 4, 2022 (consulted the December 25, 2022 ) .  \u2191 ‘ David Lynch’s cam\u00e9e is the culmination of the film \u00bb , on CRUMPE  (consulted the December 25, 2022 ) .  \u2191 Jennifer Lynch biography on IMDB .  \u2191 Austin Jack Lynch file on IMDB .  \u2191 The badges were given to him during the Cannes Film Festival.  \u2191 The badges are given to him, the first is October 2007 , by Nicolas Sarkozy.  \u2191 a b c d e f and g David Lynch On the Cin\u00e9-Club de Caen website, accessed November 19, 2013.  \u2191 A B and C ‘ The bizarre angel at David Lynch \u00bbBy Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Strauss on the site of the Encyclopaedia universal , accessed November 19, 2013.  \u2191 ‘ The reverse and the place at David Lynch \u00bbBy Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Strauss on the site of the Encyclopaedia universal , accessed November 19, 2013.  \u2191 ‘ The loved one and the distant at David Lynch \u00bbBy Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Strauss on the site of the Encyclopaedia universal , accessed November 19, 2013.  \u2191 David Lynch On the Larousse encyclopedia, accessed November 19, 2013.  \u2191 A B and C Lynch et Rodley 2005, p. 62.  \u2191 David Lynch, interview par Diego Schonhals, David Lynch Favorites Movies and FilmMakers ,.  \u2191 a et b Calum Russell, ‘ The movies that David Lynch “oriented” himself on \u00bb , on Far Out , Far Out Magazine, July 15, 2022 (consulted the October 8, 2022 ) : \u00ab\u00a0As for the filmmakers that have particularly inspired Lynch’s craft, the director goes on to say, “Everyone should find their own voice. It’s not about copying”, before finally admitting that “[Jean-Luc] Godard, [Federico] Fellini and [Ingmar] Bergman were my heroes”.\u00a0\u00bb  \u2191 Lynch et Rodley 2005, p. 71.  \u2191 Lynch et Rodley 2005, p. 21.  \u2191 ‘ Retro Cinema: Carnival of Souls \u00bb  [ Archive du February 18, 2017 ] , on Moviefone , October 12, 2007 (consulted the October 17, 2020 ) .  \u2191 Lynch et Rodley 2005, p. 199.  \u2191 Andreas Platthaus, The Lord of the Inner Reich , edited by Werner Spies, David Lynch – Dark Splendor , Ostfildern, 2009, p. 279.  \u2191 Peter-Klaus Schuster, The Uncertain Hollywood , edited by Werner Spies, David Lynch – Dark Splendor , Ostfildern, 2009, p. 114.  \u2191 Far Out Staff, ‘ From Kafka to Dostoyevsky: David Lynch names his five favourite books of all time \u00bb , September 18, 2020 .  \u2191 Marian Philips, ‘ Every Unmade David Lynch Movie \u00bb , June 17, 2020 .  \u2191 Gabriele Niola, ‘ David Lynch talks ‘Twin Peaks’ future, David Bowie and Kafka project \u00bb , November 6, 2017 .  \u2191 Serge Kagarski, ‘ Why is David Lynch the biggest? \u00bb , on Inrocks site , June 16, 2017 .  \u2191 Thierry Carteret, ‘ David Lynch: critic \u00bb , on cinechronicle.com , first is June 2017 .  \u2191 Claire Guillot, ‘ David Lynch: “I like the images where something will happen” \u00bb , on lemonde.fr , November 16, 2012 .  \u2191 JD Beauvallet, ‘ The David Lynch Musician does not make David Lynch \u00bb , on lesinrocks.com , February 15, 2011 .  \u2191 A B and C Historical on the ditto site.  \u2191 See the editions of Lynch on the Item site.  \u2191 See the book published on the occasion of the exhibition on the site of the city of Gravelines.  \u2191 182 pages, French\/English texts by Jean-Charles Vergne, Mathieu Potte-Bonneville, Pierre Zaoui.  \u2191 Circle of Dreams – Prints and short films.  \u2191 Antoine Duplan, ‘ David Lynch works to black in French -speaking Switzerland \u00bb , on Letemps.ch , September 6, 2018 .  \u2191 David Lynch’s clips.  \u2191 “Arnold de Parscau wins the competition for the best clip by David Lynch” article December 10, 2012 on Culturebox.francetvinfo.fr .  \u2191 \u00ab\u00a0Welcome to an inside \u201cpeak\u201d at a great new cause\u00a0\u00bb \u2014 David Lynch Foundation Music.  \u2191 “The surrealist filmmaker David Lynch will release his second album The Big Dream on July 15” on Musique.premiere.fr , reread on June 3, 2013.  \u2191 “David Lynch + Lykke Li = a very beautiful clip” on lesinrocks.com , reread on June 10, 2013.  \u2191 List of spots made by Lynch on cultullub.fr .  \u2191 Sophie de Santis, ‘ The Silencio, the mysterious club of David Lynch \u00bb , on lefigaro.fr , June 28, 2011 (consulted the November 24, 2021 ) .  \u2191 ‘ YouTube \u00bb , on youtube.com  (consulted the July 2, 2020 ) .  \u2191 ‘ David Lynch is also youtubeur, and his channel is a UFO \u00bb , first is July 2020 .  \u2191 ‘ YouTube \u00bb , on youtube.com  (consulted the July 2, 2020 ) .  \u2191 A B and C Maud Cabazet, ‘ In the head of David Lynch, an unclassifiable youtubeur \u00bb , on lefigaro.fr , July 26, 2020 .  \u2191 (in) Thom Waite, ‘ David Lynch shares a new video series, What Is David Working on Today? \u00bb , on dazeddigital.com , May 30 2020 .  \u2191 (in) Brit Dawson, ‘ The mystery of David Lynch\u2019s daily lottery \u00bb , on dazeddigital.com , September 29, 2020 .  \u2191 (in) ‘David Lynch Is Back\u2026 as a Guru of Transcendental Meditation’ The New York Times Magazine, by Claire Hoffman Feb. 22, 2013 \u201cI started (TM) here in Los Angeles on July 1, around 11 o\u2019clock in the morning, a beautiful Saturday sunny day in 1973.\u201d .  \u2191 (in) ‘The pleasure of life grows’ The Guardian London, July 3, 2008 “Film-maker David Lynch hasn’t missed a day of meditation in 34 years”.  \u2191 (in) William Booth, “Yogi Bearer: Dark Films Aside, David Lynch Brims With the Light of Transcendental Meditation” , Washington Post , December 2, 2005.  \u2191 (in)  Goals from the David Lynch Foundation for Peace and an education based on conscience.  \u2191 (in) Jacqueline Stevens and Patrick Barkham , ‘ And now children, it’s time for your yogic flying lesson \u00bb , The Guardian , January 27, 2009 ( read online ) .  \u2191 (in)  ‘ David Lynch to shoot film about TM guru Maharishi Mahesh Yogi in India \u00bb , Thaindian News , November 18, 2009 ( read online ) .  \u2191 (in)  David Lynch to make film about Beatles guru Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, Nov 18, 2009.  \u2191 (in)  David Lynch’s French connections, May 2010 .  \u2191 (fr)  David Lynch talks about his life and explains the reasons for his commitment.  \u2191 (fr)  David Lynch, American director, tells us about school violence and the importance of meditation in his artistic work, France24 on April 22, 2010 (video in French).  \u2191 (fr)  David Lynch explains the transcendental meditation in David Servan-Schreiber (video in French), April 22, 2010.  \u2191 (fr)  See on mt-s-maharishi.com .  \u2191 David et les yogis volants on Arte.tv .  \u2191 Program site World guests .  \u2191 Site of the program on Prisonplanet.com .  \u2191 ‘ There are lots of questions, and there is no answer . \u00bb .  \u2191 (in)  ‘ Fire Bern With Me: David Lynch Endorses Bernie Sanders \u00bb , on welcometotweaks.com , 29 mars 2016 (consulted the 31 mars 2016 ) .  \u2191 ‘ Tweet de David Lynch \u00bb , on Twitter , 29 mars 2016 (consulted the 31 mars 2016 ) : \u00ab\u00a0Dear Twtter Friends, YAY! BERNIE SANDERS FOR PRESIDENT!!!\u00a0\u00bb .  \u2191 Participation of Julee Cruise.  \u2191 See on Letterboxd.com .  \u2191 (in)  The 3 Rs on the Internet Movie Database .  \u2191 Yarn (pose) on his YouTube channel.  \u2191 Fran\u00e7ois L\u00e9ger, ‘ Twin Peaks: David Lynch’s video message at Comic Con is a treat \u00bb , on Premiere.fr , August 3, 2017 .  \u2191 The Story of a Small Bug On his YouTube channel  \u2191 ‘ Harry Dean Stanton\u00a0: Partly Fiction \u00bb , on Telerama  (consulted the September 27, 2020 ) .  \u2191 Sara Art, ‘ Angelo Badalamenti: Lynch’s favorite composer \u00bb , on lemagducine.fr , November 8, 2018 .  \u2191 J\u00e9r\u00e9mie Marchetti, ‘ [A true story] David Lynch, 1999 \u00bb .  \u2191 Kevin novels, ‘ Harry Dean Stanton: David Lynch’s favorite actor is dead \u00bb , September 19, 2017 .  \u2191 ‘ Cinema: the strange disappearance of Jack Nance, the story that marked the career of David Lynch \u00bb , May 7 2020 .  \u2191 Luc Lagier, ‘ Blow Up: How do you live after being Lynch’s favorite actor? \u00bb , April 22, 2011 .  \u2191 Guillaume Gas, ‘ Inland Empire \u00bb , August 21, 2015 .  \u2191 Margaux Coratte, ‘ Oscars 2020: Who is Laura Dern, David Lynch’s favorite actress? \u00bb , February 10, 2020 .  \u2191 (in)  David Lynch \u2013 Ghost Of Love on Discogs .  \u2191 (in)  ‘ Awards for David Lynch \u00bb , on Internet Movie Database  (consulted the November 16, 2014 ) .  \u2191 Thierry Jousse, David Lynch , Paris, Cahiers du cinema, 2007 , 103 p.  (ISBN\u00a0 978-2-8664-2912-6 ) .  \u2191 (in)  David Lynch: Don’t Look at Me on the Internet Movie Database .  \u2191 Jason Scheunemann , Jeremy Alter , David Lynch ET Krzysztof Majchrzak , Lynch , Absurda, Hideout Films, Oneblackarm Films, November 16, 2007 ( read online ) .  \u2191 ‘ The dream life of David L. on Amazon Prime \u00bb , on Transkom  (consulted the October 6, 2020 ) .  \u2191 See the streaming trailers on transkom.tv .  \u2191 See on lemonde.fr .  \u2191 Presentation on Potemkine.fr .  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