[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/controlled-flight-against-soil\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/controlled-flight-against-soil\/","headline":"Controlled flight against soil","name":"Controlled flight against soil","description":"From Wikipedia, Liberade Libera. The phrase controlled flight against soil , often abbreviated CFIT , from English controlled flight into","datePublished":"2017-08-02","dateModified":"2017-08-02","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","url":"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","height":"1","width":"1"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/controlled-flight-against-soil\/","wordCount":2783,"articleBody":"From Wikipedia, Liberade Libera. The phrase controlled flight against soil , often abbreviated CFIT , from English controlled flight into terrain , describes an accident in which an aircraft is involuntarily impacted with the land, with the sea, on the back of a mountain or against any obstacle, while it is located under the control of the pilot. The term was coined by Boeing engineers in the late seventies [first] .There is also acronym UFIT , from English uncontrolled flight into terrain , which instead refers to an accident in which an aircraft impacts with the ground while it is not controlled by the crew, for example for mechanical failure or for structural failure. According to Boeing, the controlled flight against soil “is one of the main causes of air accidents involving the loss of human lives. There have been over 9,000 dead due to this since the beginning of the commercial jet era “(the data refers to 1997). [2] Simulation of the last moments of the descent of flight Korean Air 801 crashed to Guam in 1997 (NTSB) According to Boeing, “there are many reasons why a plane could crash to the ground, or bad weather, inaccurate navigation and an error of the pilot”. [2] In reality, the pilot’s error is the greatest cause of this type of accident, which can need any level of experience, even to professionals with thousands of flight hours. Fatigue, loss of awareness of the situation or disorientation can play a decisive role. The controlled flight against soil is considered a form of spatial disorientation, as it generally presupposes that the pilot does not correctly perceive the position and orientation of the aircraft compared to the plane of the earth’s surface. Accidents often involve a collision with obstacles that should be normally visible, such as hills or mountains, and can occur in conditions of clouds or reduced visibility. They often occur during the descent of the aircraft in the landing phase near an airport. The controlled flight against the soil can also be associated with the malfunction of a single component of the on -board instrumentation: if the malfunction is not detected by the pilots, it can deceive them by inducing them to conduct the plane improperly, despite the information received from the Equipment that work correctly, or despite the visibility that should have allowed the crew to easily notice the approach of the soil. Normally adequate flight procedures, coordination of the crew and radio communications and surveillance by air traffic control services can reduce the probability of controlled flight against soil. In order to reduce the risk of accidents of this type, aeronautical manufacturers and safety regulatory authorities have developed a device called TAWS (Terrain Awareness and Warning Systems – Supervision and alarm system of the land). The first generation of these TAWS systems is known as GPWS, which uses an altimeter radio to help calculate the proximity to the ground. This system has been further improved with the addition of a database that describes the characteristics of the soil, consulted via a GPS, and is known as EGPWS. Small aircraft often use a GPS database for the representation of the soil near the aircraft, showing it in various colors depending on whether it is more or less close. Statistics show that the aircraft equipped with the most advanced Egpws have not yet undergone accidents of this type if Taws or Egpws are correctly used (there are at least three CFIT accidents with EgPWWS\/TAWS: the Garuda Indonesia 2007 flight in 2007, the Accident of Miros\u0142awiec in 2008 and the Polish presidential plane accident in 2010). To the whole of 2007, only 5% of commercial airlines in the world had not yet equipped their planes with the Taws. [3] List of the main accidents due to CFIT. Hair Data Victims\/survivors Comments Volo two 3 January 16, 1942 22\/0 Carole Lombard, film star, was one of the victims. Tragedy of Superga May 4, 1949 31\/0 The whole team of Grande Torino lost his life in the collision with the Superga hill, near Turin. Volo pan am 151 June 21, 1951 40\/0  Volo Trans-Canada Air Lines 810 December 9, 1956 62\/0  Volo Northeast Airlines 823 February 1, 1957 August 201  Volo American Airlines 320 February 3, 1959 August 65  The Day the Music Died February 3, 1959 4\/0 The singers Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and The Big Bopper died in the crash of their plane. Alitalia flight 771 July 7, 1962 94\/0 The plane, traveling from Sydney to Rome, crashed during the approach to Bombay airport. Flight San Paolo – Curitiba November 3, 1967 April 21 Crashed on a hill when approaching the landing. I want toberla 062 November 4, 1967 37\/0 The English actress June Thorburn was one of the victims. Volo two 128 November 20, 1967 120\/12  Volo South African Airways 228 April 20, 1968 123\/5 Precipitated immediately after take -off. Volo Southern Airways 932 November 14, 1970 75\/0 Precipitated near Huntington (Western Virginia). Among the victims, the 37 members of the American Football team of Marshall University. The accident was told in the 2006 film We Are Marshall . Alitalia flight 112 May 5, 1972 115\/0 The plane, during the landing phase, crashes into Monte Longa. Ande air disaster 13 October 1972 29\/16 The accident became the subject of the 1993 film Alive – Survivors. Volo Eastern Air Lines 401 December 29, 1972 101\/75 While the crew tried to solve a problem with the landing cart, the plane slowly lost altitude, crashing into the everglades. Initially there were 77 survivors. Volo Delta Air Lines 723 July 31, 1973 89\/0  Volo two 514 1 December 1974 92\/0  Alitalia flight 4128 23 December 1978 108\/21  Volo Air New Zealand 901 November 28, 1979 257\/0 The plane crashed into Monte Erebus, in Antarctica, due to an error in the transcription of the coordinates in the flight plan. Volo Dan-Air 1008 April 25, 1980 146\/0 The plane crashed into a hill near Tenerife airport for the erroneous flight of the waiting circuit. Volo Inex-Adria Airline 1308 1 December 1981 180\/0 The plane crashed into a mountain just before starting the landing maneuver at Ajaccio airport, Corsica. Avianca flight 011 November 27, 1983 181\/11 The plane crashed into a hill near Madrid airport for an incorrect maneuver of the pilots. Volo Eastern Air Lines 980 1 January 1985 29\/0 The plane crashed into Mount Unfortunately in Bolivia. Mozambican presidential flight accident 19 October 1986 34\/10 The president of Mozambique Samora Machel lost his life in the crash that took place during the preparation for the landing at Maputo airport. Avianca flight 410 17 Marzo 1988 143\/0  Volo Indian Airlines 113 19 October 1988 130\/5 The plane, due to poor visibility, hit a high voltage trellis during the approach to Ahmedabad airport in India. Volo Independent Air 1851 February 8, 1989 144\/0 The plane, took off from Bergamo-Hiorio airport to Serio and directed in the Dominican Republic, crashed into Pico Alto during the approach to Santa Mar\u00eda airport in the Azores. Volo Surinam Airways PY764 June 7, 1989 176\/11  Volo Indian Airlines 605 February 14, 1990 92\/54  Volo Air Inter 148 January 20, 1992 September 87 The plane crashed into the Vosgi mountains during the approach to Strasbourg-Entzheim airport, due to an error of the pilots and the failure to install the GPWS. Volo Thai Airways International 311 July 31, 1992 113\/0  Volo Pakistan International Airlines 268 September 28, 1992 167\/0  I want Sam Colombia 505 May 19, 1993 132\/0  Volo Asiana Airlines 733 July 26, 1993 66\/38 The plane crashed into a mountain due to bad weather conditions. Volo American Airlines 1572 November 12, 1995 0\/78 The plane impacted the trees just before the head of track 15 of Bradley international airport, Connecticut. Volo American Airlines 965 December 20, 1995 159\/4 The plane crashed into the mountains near Guadalajara de Buga, Colombia, due to the errors made by the pilots and a Radar of the Radar of the Airport of Calfonso Bonilla Arag\u00f3n. UsaF CT-43 a plane disaster April 3, 1996 35\/0 The military plane crashed into a mountain in Croatia. One of the victims was the secretary of the United States of America Ron Brown. Volo Vnukovo 2801 August 29, 1996 141\/0 The plane crashed during the approach to Longyearbyen airport, in the Svalbard islands. The airport is without instrumental assistance on the fly. Will Aeroper\u00fa 603 2 October 1996 70\/0 The plane impact with the Pacific Ocean water shortly after take off from the Jorge Ch\u00e1vez international airport of Lima, due to a malfunction of the on -board instrumentation caused by a maintenance error (the failure to remove the adhesive tape used for cover the sensors during painting). Volo Korean Air 801 August 6, 1997 228\/26  Volo Garuda Indonesia 152 September 26, 1997 234\/0 The most serious accident in the history of Indonesian aviation. Volo Crossair 3597 November 24, 2001 September 24 Flight from Berlin to Zurich, precipitated during the approach to the airport. Among the victims there were some members of the Passion Fruit and Melanie Thornton band. Volo Air China 129 April 15, 2002 129\/37  Volo Kam Air 904 February 3, 2005 104\/0 The most serious accident in the history of Afghan aviation. Will armavia 967 May 3, 2006 113\/0  Death of Steve Fosvett September 3, 2007 1\/0  Volo atlashed 4203 November 30, 2007 57\/0  Accident of the Polish presidential plane April 10, 2010 96\/0 In the accident, the President of the Republic Lech Kaczy\u0144ski and several members of Parliament lost their lives. Volo Airblue 202 July 28, 2010 152\/0  Volo First Air 6560 August 20, 2011 12\/3 Volo RusAir 9605 June 21, 2011 47\/5  Mount Salak disaster May 9, 2012 45\/0  Volo Nepal Airlines 183 February 18, 2014 18\/0  ^  ( IN ) James McBride, Uncontrolled Flight into Terrain (UFIT) , in Flight Training News , http:\/\/www.flighttrainingnews.co.uk\/home\/index.php . URL consulted on February 7, 2011  (archived by URL Original January 18, 2012) .  ^  a b  ( IN ) Boeing Training Aid Addresses Leading Accident Cause . are boeing.mediaroom.com , Boeing, February 20, 1997. URL consulted on June 12, 2014 .  ^  ( IN ) David Learning Mount, Forecasts 2009 – Safety and security are in the doldrums , in Flightglobal , http:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/home\/default.aspx , January 13, 2009. URL consulted on February 7, 2011 .    "},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/controlled-flight-against-soil\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Controlled flight against soil"}}]}]