[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/rainhill-competition-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/rainhill-competition-wikipedia\/","headline":"Rainhill competition – Wikipedia","name":"Rainhill competition – Wikipedia","description":"Inauguration of the Liverpool – Manchester railway line (Aquarelle d’A. B. Clayton, 1830). The Rainhill competition is one of the","datePublished":"2017-10-28","dateModified":"2017-10-28","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f6\/Opening_Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway.jpg\/220px-Opening_Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f6\/Opening_Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway.jpg\/220px-Opening_Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway.jpg","height":"178","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/rainhill-competition-wikipedia\/","wordCount":3164,"articleBody":" Inauguration of the Liverpool – Manchester railway line (Aquarelle d’A. B. Clayton, 1830). The Rainhill competition is one of the first speed races for locomotives (mainly steam). The various races were held in October 1829 in Rainhill (Merseyside) on the railway line of the Liverpool – Manchester line, which was then almost completed.   When the railway line Liverpool – Manchester was about to be inaugurated, the directors of the farm imagined to host a competition of locomotor machines to decide whether the trains would be pulled by fixed steam machines or locomotives . This is how we organized the Courses de Rainhill , competition open to all voluntary candidates to demonstrate locomotive, and the outcome of which was to determine the equipment chosen to serve the line [ first ] . Regardless of the question of the future transfer of the machine to the company, a reward of 500 \u00a3 was put in the competition. The jury was made up of three eminent transport authorities: John Kennedy, John Urpeth Rastrick (in) , et Nicholas Wood\u00a0 (in) . The locomotives accepted to compete must satisfy several preliminary trials and fulfill various conditions, revised downwards during the tests, and which were ultimately summed up: \u201cThe weight of the locomotive, including its cargo of water for the boiler, will be checked at the official rocking at 8:00 am, and a machine will be imposed on a train of three times the weight indicated. The boiler water will be cold, and the oven will be empty of fuel. We will load the tender of each machine of as much fuel and water as its owner will judge it useful to make a trip of 35 miles (56 km ). We will then light the boiler, and we will note precisely the quantity of fuel and the time necessary to put the steam in pressure. The tender, with its fuel and water cargo, will be considered and in integral part of the charge assigned to the motor. The motors that will draw their own fuel and water cargo will be deduced from this burden in proportion to their own weight. The motor, with its wagons, will be tanned by hand to the departure post, and the starting moment is taken as soon as the steam has reached a pressure of 50 psi (or 3.4 bars). The motor will have to travel 1 mile \u00be each round (i.e. 2.8 km ), including 1\/8 It is of miles (200 m ) required to reach full speed and brake until stopping; so that the motor, and its train, will have traveled each turn 1 mile \u00bd (2.4 km ) at full speed. The motors will make ten laps, which represents a trip of 35 miles (56 km ); Of which 30 miles will have been described at full speed, the average speed never having to descend below 10 miles per hour ( 16  km\/h ) [ 2 ] . As soon as the motor has completed this route (representing the distance from Liverpool to Manchester), she will receive a full cargo of water and fuel; And as soon as she will be able to do so, she will join the departure post, and will perform ten more laps, representing the return trip from Manchester to Liverpool. Note precisely the time taken to make each trip, as well as the time taken to prepare for the return trip [ 3 ] . \u00bb  The candidates of ten locomotives were held, but on the first day of the competition (October 6, 1829) only five locomotives were able to carry out the preliminary tests [ first ] : Two to three locomotives were rolled per day, and several other tests on the materials were carried out between the events. The Manchester Line Rainhill section was particularly flat over a distance of 1500 m [ first ] , which made it a place of choice to compare the performance of the various locomotives. The Cycloped was the first locomotive to be eliminated. Built according to a “traditional conception”, it used two horses to cause a belt. It was eliminated after the animal had crossed the platform chassis following an accident. Then it was the turn of the Perseverance . She was damaged during her routing to the place of the competition and Burstall spent five days repairing it. Unable to reach 16  km\/h of average required during preliminary tests the day after her arrival, she was relegated to a consolation price of 25 \u00a3 . The Unmatched arrived practically at the end of the tests, despite a doubt about his legitimacy, because his weight exceeded 136 kg regulatory requirements. Anyway, it performs eight laps until a cylinder breaks out. Despite this failure, the railway company Liverpool & Manchester acquired it and operated it for two years, before renting it to the company Bolton and Leigh Railway (in) .  Locomotive Novelty , unhappy competitor of the Rainhill tests in 1829. The Novelty also had to be eliminated. Opposite the Cycloped , it was in 1829 a revolutionary design motor, lighter and much faster than the other locomotives in competition. It goes without saying that it was the public’s favorite. She reached the amazing speed of 45  km\/h The first day of the tests, but soon suffered from leaks from a pipe which could not be repaired properly on the spot and within the time limits. However, she resumed the tests the next day, but when she reached the speed of 24  km\/h , the pipe began to flee again, this time by damaging the rest of the circuit, so that the candidate had to abandon. Thus, the Rocket Stephenson stayed alone in the race until the end of the tests. With an average speed of 20  km\/h (and a point to 48  km\/h ) for 13 tonnes towed, she was declared winner and the Stephenson, in addition to the 500 award \u00a3 , won the exclusive supply contract for locomotives from the Liverpool & Manchester line [ 4 ] . By calculating speed and consumption, we find that the Rocket , with its limited innovations, had a clear advantage over its competitors and much higher reliability. There Novelty almost caught her in the yield plan, but the design of her home made her prone to the fouling by the chew, which blocked the air intake and slowed down the engine before causing its outright stop: Ericsson, indeed , had designed its engine to burn birch wood (common in Scandinavia), and discovered the effect of the impurities present in the oily coal used at the time in the United Kingdom too late. Commemoration: the demonstration ” Rocket 150 \u00bb [ modifier | Modifier and code ] To celebrate the 150 It is anniversary of the tests, in 1980 was organized a reconstruction called Rocket 150 .On this occasion, there was a replica of the Novelty of Ericsson, which was confronted with copies of the Unmatched and some Rocket (with his driver). Also participated in these races: Two locomotives 86214 Unmatched , la Class 86 [ 5 ] and the 86235 Novelty [ 6 ] had been repainted in a variant of the British Railways “Rail Blue” logo where the inscription ” Rocket 150 \u00bbOn a yellow background. During a more recent reconstruction of the rainhill races (in 2002), nor the Unmatched (11 rounds out of 20) nor the Novelty (10 rounds out of 20) have managed to arrive at the end of the tests. The reconstruction, organized on a railway section in Llangollen (Wales Pays), was the subject of a BBC documentary (series Timewatch ). However, this reconstruction can only give a very relative idea of \u200b\u200bperiod tests due to the compromises adopted to produce the documentary for television, differences in experience of the pilots between yesterday and today, differences in fuel, Changes made to machines to meet current safety requirements, increased quality of materials and assemblies. We could only make comparisons from calculations from these differences. Thus, all reconstituted locomotives have essential differences with the original models of 1829. \u2191 A B and C Cf. Christian Woolmar , Fire and Steam , Londres, Atlantic Books, 2007 (ISBN\u00a0 1843546299 ) , p. 36  \u2191 As an indication, the only railway line to passenger in service at the time, the railway from Stockton and Darlington, displayed an average speed of 13  km\/h .  \u2191 Robert Stephenson ( you. ), Observations on the Comparative Merits of Locomotive and Fixed Engines as Applied to Railways , Liverpool, Carey & Lea, 1830 ( rompr. 1831, Philadelphia), PDF ( read online ) , \u00ab\u00a0Account of the Competition for Locomotive Engines\u00a0\u00bb, p. 101\u2013119  \u2191 Wolmar, Fire and Steam, pp. 36-37  \u2191 Colin Marsden, Motive Power Recognition :1 – Locomotives , Shepperton, ian Allen Ltd, 1981 (ISBN\u00a0 0 7110 1109 5 ) , p. 133  \u2191 Les Nixon, BR Colour Album , Londres, Jane’s Publishing Company Limited, 1983 (ISBN\u00a0 0 7106 0287 1 ) , p. 11  Bibliography [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Maurice Daumas and Paul Gille, General History of Techniques , vol. 3: The expansion of machinery , PUF, 1962\u2013 1979, “Part III, Chap IV – The railways”, p. 384-385 , [Detail of editions] C. F. Dendy-Marshall, \u00ab\u00a0 The Rainhill Locomotive Trials of 1829 \u00bb, Transactions of the Newcomen Society , vol. 9, 1929 ( read online ) On other Wikimedia projects: external links [ modifier | Modifier and code ]  "},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/rainhill-competition-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Rainhill competition – Wikipedia"}}]}]