[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/battle-of-the-arcole-bridge\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/battle-of-the-arcole-bridge\/","headline":"Battle of the Arcole Bridge","name":"Battle of the Arcole Bridge","description":"The Battle of the Arcole Bridge , even more simply known as battle with arcole [3] , fought from 15","datePublished":"2018-03-27","dateModified":"2018-03-27","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/42\/Arcole_1796_Campaign_Map_IT.jpg\/400px-Arcole_1796_Campaign_Map_IT.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/42\/Arcole_1796_Campaign_Map_IT.jpg\/400px-Arcole_1796_Campaign_Map_IT.jpg","height":"270","width":"400"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/battle-of-the-arcole-bridge\/","wordCount":2808,"articleBody":" The Battle of the Arcole Bridge , even more simply known as battle with arcole [3] , fought from 15 to 17 November 1796 at the Veronese municipality of Arcole, it was a famous episode of Napoleon Bonaparte’s first Italian campaign in Italy. The clash, took place within the territories of the Republic of Venice, resolved with a French victory, broke the hopes of the Austrian commander Alvinczy to gather to General Davidovich and then continue to free Mantua. The Italian campaign began on 11 April 1796, Napoleon Bonaparte quickly defeated the Kingdom of Sardinia of Vittorio Amedeo III of Savoy and continued the offensive against the Austrians of General Beaulieu leaving the garrison of Mantua back, forcing him to retire to the Adige After the battle of Lodi. In the desire to free the great fortress of the current Lombardy, the new commander in the Austrian head W\u00fcrmser launched a counter -offensive which, however, following the defeat suffered in Castiglione on 5 August 1796, had the only result the escape of the Austrian general within Mantua, again under siege by the French general Sahuget. The reins of the Austrian army in Italy, still strong of 46,000 men, then moved on to Joseph Alvinzy von Berberek and his subordinate Paul Davidovich, who had the aim of running to the rescue of the Austrian army blocked in Mantua. The plan developed by Alvinczy consisted of a tenside maneuver against Bonaparte: Davidovich would have descended along the Adige valley with 18,000 men, threatening to arrive on Verona from the North-West; At the same time Alvinczy with over 28,000 men would have crossed the Brenta, focusing first on Vicenza and then on Verona from North-East; In this way Bonaparte from its operational base of Verona should have faced the Alvinzy army being careful at the same time behind it and always keeping part of its army blocked in the siege of Mantua. Alvinczy’s plan seemed to work: Davidovich forced the French general Vaubois to abandon Trento, trying a first defense at names, and then relegated even more to avoid encircling, up to Rivoli, at the entrance of the Valley of the Valley Adige; At the same time Alvinczy advanced on two columns, passing the Brenta in Bassano del Grappa and in Fontaniva (despite the very bloody opposition of two French contingents, commanded respectively by Auregreau and Massena, sent by Bonaparte to slow down the Austrians) and clashing with the French in the battle of Caldiero , on November 12, following which he forced the enemy to repair on the western bank of the Adige. [4] Napoleon, with Vaubois blocked in the north and without the possibility of taking other troops from Mantua without compromising the siege, set up a plan to gather all the soldiers available in Verona to take Villanova di San Bonifacio, thus hoping to hire battle with Alvinczy in the Paludosa area between the Alpone and Adige rivers frustrating the Austrian numerical superiority. [5] Bonaparte’s circumventing maneuver Forces in the field [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] French [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] The French forces were arranged on two divisions: [6] Commander in Chief: Napoleon Bonaparte 4.E demi-Brigaade l\u00e9g\u00e8re (3 Battagles) 18.e demi-brigade l\u00e9g\u00e8re (3 Battagles) 39.EEMA-BRIGAGE OF LIGLLS (3 Battales) 69.. demi-brigada of lines (3 Battagles) 19.E. demi-brigade of lines (3 Battagles) 85.. demi-brigada deiga (3 Battagles) 93..e demi-brigade of lines (3 Battagles) Cavalry rates Present but not engaged in combat: Wish reserve (General Macquart) Cavalry Reserve (General BeaureVoir) Total force: 20000 men Cippo placed in the nineteenth century on the embankment of the Alpone in memory of the battle. Austrian [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] The Austrian forces were made up of the Friuli body: [6] Commander in Chief: Feldzugmeister Alvinczy Infantry Regiment High and Deutchmeister N.4 (2 battalions) Infantry Regiment Preiss N.24 (2 battalions) Infantry Regiment Kinsky N.36 (3rd battalion) Infantry Regiment Spl\u00e9nyi Dictionary Ranked # 513 and 3\u00ba Battagression) Infantry Regiment Jellacic Dictionary Ranked # 53 (3\u00ba and 4\u00ba Battag) Infantry Regiment Joseph’s collored N.57 (2nd battalion) Border-Infantry regiment Warasdiner (4\u00ba and 5\u00ba Battagression) Border-Infantry regiment C\u0101rlstadt (6th and 7 battalion) Border-Infantry regiment Banalists (2\u00ba and 4\u00ba battles) Border-Infantry regiment Banat (5\u00ba and 6\u00ba Battagione) Border-Infantry regiment Wallachen (3rd battalion) Hussar regiment Wurmser N.8 (2 squadrons) Stabs Dragons Regiment (4 Squadrony) Ulhanen Regiment Butcher N.10 (4 squadrons) Total force: 18500 men 15 and 16 November [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] Bas -relief of the triumphal arch depicting Napoleon who leads the charge against the Arcole bridge, on November 15, 1796 On November 14, the Avant -garde of Alvinczy came in view of Villanova forcing Bonaparte to leave Verona, whose fall would have irreparably compromised all its movements leaving the only Vaubois between Davidovich and Alvinczy, in the hands of General Fran\u00e7ois Macquard with orders 3,000 soldiers taken from the Vaubois ranks. The Alvinzy maneuver had lengthened the communication and refueling routes of the Austrians, and Bonaparte identified in the bridge over the Alpone the point where he could have hit the enemy to isolate him from his deposits. The night between 14 and 15 Bonaparte therefore marked with 18,000 men towards Ronco alla Adige, where at dawn he placed a bridge of boats that immediately the French crossed to reach the swamps adjacent to the north bank of the Adige. The units of Augegeau and Mass\u00e9na tried to occupy the village of Porcile but were hired by the avant -garde of Giovanni Provera, who in any case was unable to contain the French impetus, leaving Bonaparte a sure western side. [first] However, Auregreau failed in the objective of crossing the Alpone and conquering Villanova because it was nailed by the Austrian fire to the Arcole bridge. Bonaparte, I realized that every delay would have made Alvinzy to trap, sent 3,000 soldiers by Jean Joseph Guieu to look for a ford from Albaredo d’Adige, to get around Arcole. In the meantime, Porcile was reinforced by 3,000 Austrian soldiers and such a detachment arrived in Arcole, covering the retreat of Alvinczy and half of his men. To prevent the enemy general from escaping him, Bonaparte tried a new desperate attack on the Arcole bridge, brandishing a French tricolor and putting himself at the head of his men, but the action was not successful and Bonaparte himself, who fell in a ditch, was Saved from capture from his field helper. [7] Only at 19:00 Guieu, who in the meantime had found a ford, managed to conquer Arcole from the south. This success was frustrated by the worrying news sent by Vaubois, who announced that he had been rejected to Bussolengo. Consequently, Bonaparte made the difficult decision to abandon Arcole to risk on the Adige, in the event of having to help Vaubois in a hurry. Despite this, the first day of the battle entailed to the French the cancellation of the Austrian threat to Verona, while Alvinczy was now unable to join Davidovich. [8] On the morning of the 16th the French, ascertained the inactivity of Davidovich, tried to occupy Porcile and Arcole again (returned in the Austrian hand in the night), but managed to take possession, after a whole day of fighting, only of the first location, being for Once the attempt by General Honore Vial to pass the Alpone to his mouth. Like the previous day, Bonaparte, upon the arrival of the evening, withdrew all his soldiers on the Adige, always to keep ready to help Vaubois. In the night the French files were reinforced by 3,000 men sent by Kilmaine. [8] Monument located in Arcole in memory of the battle November 17th [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] Although Arcole still controlled, the Austrians had undergone significant losses, so much so that at the dawn of November 17, Alvinzy wrote to Davidovich notes that he could not bear more than a new French attack. [8] Having let Vaubois know that his front was quiet, the French lashed for the third time against the Austrians, whose forces were now separated in two sections with about a third of the soldiers (6,000) located in the swampy area under the orders of Provera and Hohenzollern. To give Grazia’s blow to the enemy, Bonaparte ordered an attack against the bulk of Alvinczy’s forces. Mass\u00e9na then prepared to attract the attention of the Garnigion of Arcole outside the city, deploying only one brigade on the road between Arcole and Porcile leaving the rest of its division hidden between the vegetation. The Austrians fell into the trap and, pushed back, had to give up a part of Arcole after a clash to the bayonet with the French. The less fortune had Auregreau, who, while part of his division was marching to Legnago to get around Arcole, was unable to take Albaredo because of the tenacious defense offered by Alvincz’s soldiers. [9] To exploit the situation Napoleon gathered four trumpeters and a small number of “guides” (his bodyguard) with the aim of deceiving the enemy: not seen, the small detachment spoken the alpone and, thanks to the sound of musical instruments, He simulated the approach of a large department right behind the Austrians aquartered in Arcole, who immediately retired north convinced of an imminent attack in French forces. Thanks to this stratagem, the departments that blocked Auregreau skidded by giving the opportunity to the French general to gather with Mass\u00e9na in the now Libera Arcole, from where, together with the soldiers from Legnago, they spread to the surrounding areas. Alvinczy, in the face of what seemed to him a serious threat to his rear, ordered the retreat on Vicenza to the whole army. [ten] Napoleonic Museum of Arcole, set up in the deconsecrated church of Sant’Antonio At the price of 4,500 losses in three days of fighting, Napoleon had definitively struck down the Alvinczy attempt to meet with Davidovich. With 7,000 less men, who died, injured or taken prisoners in Arcole, Alvinczy could barely return to Trento abandoning the plan to free Mantua. [11] The latest Austrian efforts would have been made in vain in the subsequent battle of Rivoli. ^  a b  Chandler 2006,\u00a0p. 165 .  ^  a b  Chandler 2006,\u00a0p. 171 .  ^  Chandler 2006,\u00a0p. 163 .  ^  Chandler 2006,\u00a0pp. 160-162 .  ^  Chandler 2006,\u00a0pp. 163-164 .  ^  a b  Digby Smith, “The Greenhill Napoleonic Wars Data Book, Greenhill Books, London 1998 – ISBN 1853672769  ^  Chandler 2006,\u00a0pp. 165-166 .  ^  a b c  Chandler 2006,\u00a0pp. 166 e 168 .  ^  Chandler 2006,\u00a0pp. 168-170 .  ^  Chandler 2006,\u00a0pp. 170-171 .  ^  Chandler 2006,\u00a0pp. 171-172 .  David G. Chandler, The campaigns of Napoleon, vol. THE , 9th edition, Milan, BUR, 2006 [1992] , ISBN\u00a088-17-11904-0. Simon Scarrow, The general , Newton Compton Editori, 2017.  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