[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/marguerite-of-caintield-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/marguerite-of-caintield-wikipedia\/","headline":"Marguerite of Caintield \u2014 Wikipedia","name":"Marguerite of Caintield \u2014 Wikipedia","description":"Marguerite of Carinthie nicknamed in German Margarete Maultasch (in French Marguerite La Grande Gueule) (1318 – October 3, 1369 )","datePublished":"2020-06-02","dateModified":"2020-06-02","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/38\/Info_Simple.svg\/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/38\/Info_Simple.svg\/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png","height":"12","width":"12"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/marguerite-of-caintield-wikipedia\/","wordCount":1642,"articleBody":"Marguerite of Carinthie nicknamed in German Margarete Maultasch (in French Marguerite La Grande Gueule) (1318 – October 3, 1369 ) was the last countess of Tyrol of the Meinhard dynasty. On his death, Tyrol was included in the heritage of the Habsburgs. Daughter of Henri, Duke of Carinthia and Count of Tyrol, she succeeded him in the county of Tyrol in 1335. The Duchy of Carinthia then passed to Albert II of Habsburg, Duke of Austria and eldest son of the founder of the house of Habsburg, Albert I is from Habsburg, and Elisabeth de Carinthie, aunt of Marguerite.   In 1330, Marguerite was married at the age of twelve, to Jean-Henri, Margrave of Moravia, son of Jean L’Aveugle, count of Luxembourg, who had deposited the father of Marguerite du Throne of Bohemia in 1310, and Also the youngest brother of Charles IV in Luxembourg, the future Germanic Roman emperor who promulgated the Bulle d’Or in Metz. In 1341 Marguerite chased her husband with the help of the Tyrolean aristocracy and married Louis I is , Margrave of Brandenburg, without having obtained the divorce with Jean-Henri. Louis was the eldest son of the emperor Louis IV of Bavaria, a Wittelsbach, and his first wife, Beatrice of \u015bwidnica. Louis de Bavaria took on him to declare null and not avenue the marriage of Marguerite and Jean-Henri. Guillaume d’Ockham and Marsile de Padua justified this first “civil marriage” of the Middle Ages. The new Pope of Avignon, Cl\u00e9ment VI, however, excommunicates Marguerite and his new husband in 1342. The scandal spread across Europe. In 1359, largely thanks to the influence of the new alliances acquired by the marriage of the son of Louis, Meinhard III of Wittelsbach to Marguerite of Austria, daughter of Albert II of Habsburg, in 1358, Marguerite and her second husband been absolved of excommunication by a new pope, innocent VI. The Annals and German and Italian historians (Florence, Milan, Padoue, Monza) refer to these events. The religious propaganda of the time nicknamed it “Maultasch” (literally the “mouth-sac”), that is to say “prostitute” or “ugly woman”. After the death of her husband, in 1361, her son, Meinhard III of Bavaria, became count of Tyrol. But Meinhard died less than two years later, in 1363, without heir, at the age of nineteen years. This death triggers an invasion by the youngest brother of Louis, Etienne II of Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria (Basse-Bavaria-Landshut and Haute-Bavaria). \u00c9tienne, an ally at Barnab\u00e9 Visconti, occupied Tyrol since the peace of Sch\u00e4rding. Marguerite was then led to sign a treaty with Rodolphe IV of Austria on the county. It is the last sovereign of the dynasty as a countess of Tyrol, which then goes to Austria, not by a conquest but by a free act of the countess [ first ] . Marguerite died in Vienna (Austria) in 1369.  The feudal heir to Marguerite would have been the son of his eldest cousin, Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric III of Aragon, governor of Sicily. Then, the succession would have gone in 1401 to Jeanne d’Aragon, countess of Foix, and in 1407 to Yolande d’Aragon, queen consort of Naples (the two daughters of Jean I is , king of Aragon). It was only in 1740 that the descendants recovered the Tyrol, when Marie-Th\u00e9r\u00e8se married the heir to the throne of Aragon Fran\u00e7ois III, Duke of Lorraine. The Old grotesque woman , or The ugly duchess , painting of the Flemish painter Quentin Metsys is perhaps the portrait of Marguerite. She was the model of Sir John Tenniel for the “duchess” in his illustrations as Alice in Wonderland from Lewis Carroll. Lion Fechtwanger was largely inspired by his story in his novel The ugly duchess And in 1816, Jacob Grimm collected the legends of Marguerite in his book German mythology . The story of the unsuccessful headquarters of Hochosterwitz Castle in Carinthia was popularized by the psychologist and sociologist Paul Watzlawick [ 2 ] “When in 1334, the duchess of Tyrol, Margareta Maultasch, surrounded the castle of Hochosterwitz, in the province of Carinthia, it knew too well that the fortress, perched at the top of an incredibly steep rock, dominating the valley of A great height, would resist any attack on the front and would only be taken by a long seat. In the long run, the situation of the besieged was actually untenable: they were reduced to their last beef and two bags of barley. But Margareta’s situation was also becoming critical, for other reasons: his troops began to be agitated, the seat seemed to have to last eternity, and other armed expeditions were just as urgent. It was then that the commander of the fortress resolved to a desperate action which had to pass for pure madness with his men: he had the last beef put down, fill his abdominal cavity of the last two bags of barley, and ordered that the carcass was thus thrown from the top of the rock in a field in front of the camp of the enemy. When she received this contemptuous message, the duchess, discouraged, raised the siege and left. \u00bb\u00bb (of) Wilhelm Baum, Margarete Maultasch. Inheritance between the powers , Graz Vienna Cologne, 1994 . (of) Lion Feuchtwanger, The ugly Duchess , Berlin, 7th edition, 2008 (ISBN\u00a0 978-3-7466-5627-4 ) . Anthony Stokvis ( pref. H. F. Wijnman), Manual of history, genealogy and chronology of all the States of the Globe, from the most remote times to the present day , vol. II, Leyde, Brill editions, 1889 ( rompr. 1966), Chapter VI C 1., and genealogical table n \u00b0 11 “Genealogy of the counts of Goritz and Tyrol” .  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