[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/andre-de-bergame-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/andre-de-bergame-wikipedia\/","headline":"Andr\u00e9 de Bergame – Wikipedia","name":"Andr\u00e9 de Bergame – Wikipedia","description":"Andr\u00e9 de Bergame , you Latin Andreas Bergomas or Bergomatis , was a Lombard priest and historian [ first ]","datePublished":"2021-10-02","dateModified":"2021-10-02","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":100,"height":100},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/andre-de-bergame-wikipedia\/","wordCount":4799,"articleBody":"Andr\u00e9 de Bergame , you Latin Andreas Bergomas or Bergomatis , was a Lombard priest and historian [ first ] who lived during the IX It is century in Italy then an integral part of the Carolingian Empire. He participated in the writing of a column, which is partly a summary of the History of Lombards from Paul Diacre ( History of Lombards ), partly an original work. This Chronicle indeed starts from the invasion of the peninsula by the king of Lombards Alboin to the WE It is century, and took place until the death of the king of Western Francia Charles II the Chauve, one of the grandsons of Charlemagne. EN 877 [ 2 ] , Charles has then been an emperor for barely two years (his successor is Charles III le Gros, king of Eastern Francia, m. 888). Among the details that Andr\u00e9 de Bergame Note of the first hand, the displacement of the body of Louis II the young king of Italy, from Brescia where he died in 875 for Milan. The chronicle manuscript [ 3 ] is kept in Saint-Gall in Switzerland, in the Vadian collection deposited at the cantonal library.   Andr\u00e9 de Bergame lived in IX It is century. He is a priest of the city of Bergamo [ first ] . He participated in the transfer of the body of the King of Italy Louis II, the young of the city of Brescia where he died towards Milan. THE first is December 870 , Andr\u00e9 de Bergame would have participated in Bonate, with the bishop of Bergame Garibaldo, in exchanges of goods with a bishop, Sigifredo de Casteniate [ first ] . The compendium firstly covers the period from around the II It is century, that is to say almost mythical origin from which the Lombards emerge from the unknown world of Scandinavia to settle on the shores of northern Germany until the death of the last sovereign Lombard, The most brilliant and bringing together almost the whole Italian boot to its power, Liutprand in the year 744. In the meantime, the work in question relates poetically to the help of tales and legends the history of this Germanic people and their descent always Plus to the south of Europe and then cross the Alps and enter the peninsula via the pannonia with the other great sovereign of this epic, King Albo\u00efn towards the middle of WE It is century. One of the authors of the History of Lombards And probably the only one, Paul Diacre, Lombard and of noble origin, had an ancestor who participated in the invasion of the transalpine peninsula with King Albo\u00efn. During his youth, he had a classic education in the Latin language. Died around the year 799, the Lombard Kingdom was won over by Charlemagne in 774 during the lifetime of Paul Diacre without the latter or even Andr\u00e9 de Bergamus making it mention in their respective works. Lombards are a people who are often considered to be Germanic, but who in reality is of Scandinavian origin which gradually since the II It is – III It is A centuries has moved north of Germany, on the Elba, and then migrate ever further south. It is around the middle of WE It is century, probably since the pannonia (present -day Hungary), that the Lombards cross the Alps believing the Veneto and invaded the P\u00f4 plain with the King Albo\u00efn and founded the Hyponym Kingdom, the Lombard Kingdom in Northern Italy [ 4 ] . Paul Diacre and Andr\u00e9 de Bergamo both go back to the origins of the Lombard people, but Paul Diacre makes a brief clear overview, in Latin, which has the merit of laying the foundations for the existence of Lombards as a people: “It is certain to Lombard, the bearded steel barbae longitude, when the first winili said they were called. For near their language, Lang, Bera beard. Woodan, which is added to the letter Gwodan said, he is the Roman Mercury, and from all Germany to be worshiped; He who is not about these times, but by far the front, nor in Germany, but in Greece, but in Greece was not [ 5 ] . \u00bb In French, the passage reads as follows: \u201cIt is however certain that the Lombards derive from their long beards, which the iron never touches; Because before they were called Winilians. In their Lang language means long, and Baert, Barbe, Wodan, which they also called Godan by adding a letter is the mercury of the Romans, and it is adored by all the nations of Germania, and it existed not SO ; But before, not in Germania; But in Greece. \u00bb\u00bb The part written by Paul Diacre probably stops with the death of the last Grand King Lombard in the year 744, Liutprand. The rest in history books is well known. After Liutprand, the Lombard kingdom began its period of decline before Charlemagne put a final term there by integrating the kingdom into its empire in the year 774. History of Lombards , History of Lombards and Andr\u00e9 de Bergame [ modifier | Modifier and code ] It is very likely that the compendium In question was written with several hands and that it is nothing more or less a compilation of works. So far, only two authors have been identified: Paul Diacre, first, and Andr\u00e9 de Bergame, with his Chronic , constituting an extension to compendium . The Chronic From the latter probably begins where Paul Diacre had stopped, towards the death of Liutprand in the year 744. She stops at the death of the fifth Western emperor Charles II the bald, in the year 877 [ 2 ] , three quarters of a century after Paul Diacre. Paul Diacre has some advantages on Andr\u00e9 de Bergame. In fact, he enjoyed a classic education which allowed him to acquire a scholarship in Latin culture and he was a direct witness to the historical events of his time. He rubbed shoulders with the great scholars of the time, such as Alcuin, and worked directly for Charlemagne himself in his court. I’ History of Lombards was therefore written with a clever hand in a clear and precise style, a crystal clear Latin inspired by ancient authors of Roman literature while having a language well [ 6 ] . Andr\u00e9 de Bergamo, on the other hand, did not have the same chances or the same privileges. Let us recall from the outset that it is not all the Lombards who were, like Paul Diacre and Andr\u00e9 de Bergame, with titles, responsibilities and also a respectable cultural background. In fact, the arrival of the Lombards in the peninsula is recent and dates back to just 250 years, at the time of the death of Liutprand, or 350 years, at the time of the death of Charles the Bald at the foot of the French Alps in the year 877. The integration of Lombards in general was difficult in more than one title and if they end up integrating culturally and politically into Europe, like the Hungarians later, they nevertheless retains whole sides Lombard culture like the first names and toponymy of the place they call. They act as a conquerors at first, are resistant to Roman culture and be late to Roman Catholicism of the Church. Initially and even late, the Lombards are followers and remain attached for a long time to arianism, a variant of Christianity prohibited by the Church because it does not respect Catholic dogmas. This is the reason why the Church will frequently appeal to the frank kingdom with P\u00e9pin le Bref [ 7 ] and Charlemagne himself to watch this embarrassment that the Lombards constituted for the Church, the fundamental cultural difference which they represented, their bellicose attitude, their war factions and their military ambition for the rest of the peninsula [ 8 ] . It is then very likely that this historic background has rejuvenated on the historian Bergamasque; And, in his youth, not being of noble origin like his predecessor, it may very good that he had no serious training in Latin culture. Let us also remember that the city of Bergamo was at the time a bastion of Lombard culture. This explains the blurred style and a more or less inconsistent spelling, but not so incomprehensible, even unintelligible as we wanted to believe. In Chronicon is an original passage about the signs visible in the sky a month before the death of the Emperor Louis I is The pious, fourth son of Charlemagne. Paying attention to astronomical signs is typical of this Carolingian Renaissance period. One of the biographers of Louis Le Pieux is also nicknamed the astronomer. [ 9 ] : “The third is the sun obscure in the world, and stars in heaven, 3.Nonas Magic, the ninth, in Laetanias, as the middle edge. There is a great trouble. And when they do these people to attend, and many, feared, that which is now more than this world is not to stand; However, while this distress contemplated, the sun and the trembling in the past shadow. But the next morning, the light of the night, as a day. These signs in heaven, teachers in their warnings, Be brothers, ready; It is fulfilled in the Gospel, said: When these signs, you know, because the day of the great and clear. The following month of June of Enclosure was died, and the days ended in peace [ ten ] . \u00bb We clearly see the language and stylistic difference between the two authors. But it is clear that the Carolingian Empire and the “Carolingian Renaissance” that it generated was an important episode for historiography since men at that time are pushed by intense work of erudition in order to date back time , update the era in which they live, or even find a spatiotemporal framework specific to the developing civilization, to the cultural excitement initiated by the Carolingian world [ ten ] . It is difficult to assert whether Andr\u00e9 de Bergame was a direct witness to the events of his time, even an indirect witness, relating the facts according to his point of view. Observation which is obvious when we carry a more penetrating analysis on the Andreas Chronicon of The history of Lombards . The fact remains that during his lifetime, major historical events have occurred and which are reported in his chronicle as the advent of Lothaire as an emperor of the West and father of Louis II, the revolt of the King of Italy Bernard against Carolingian power at the same time, the advent and death of the Western Emperor and King of Italy Louis II The young and the inheritance crisis which will follow for the obtaining of the Italian throne that Charles He will obtain ephemerally because the latter died two years later in the year 877, where the chronicle stopped. However, Andr\u00e9 de Bergamo, however, makes no mention of Charlemagne or almost and does not relate in any way his coronation, however decisive for the history of Europe and the transalpine peninsula. The historian Bergamasque does a more penetrating analysis which is limited to the geography area of \u200b\u200bthe Italian peninsula by focusing on secondary characters in Carolingian history and history in general like King Bernard or Louis II , hence the idea of \u200b\u200bmaking it a pre-Italian historian, laying down the basics of a historical memory of Italy [ first ] . Her mention of the Battle of Fontenoy in the year 841, she deserves to be greeted in more than one way. This battle is a decisive event for the history of Europe when it is rarely mentioned in the history and military books. It is much more decisive than the Treaty of Verdun of 842. This battle decisively divides the Carolingian Empire between Charles II, on the one hand, Louis the Germanic, on the other hand, and consecrates the defeat of Lothaire and the Union of the Empire which is stuck between the two with a thin strip of land going from the Netherlands to the B\u00e9n\u00e9vent in Italy. Subsequently, Lothaire dies and Lotharingie disappears, but in the south remains the kingdom of Italy with his head none other than the latter, Louis II the young. The Battle of Fontenoy-en-Puisaye marks the start of the European Space Division and strengthens the idea among contemporaries that Andr\u00e9 de Bergamus was a Lombard historian finally attached to Italy and the interests of the peninsula [ first ] . Finally, Andr\u00e9 de Bergame must surely be inspired by the previous work of Paul Diacre to write his historical continuation of the History of Lombards , but the latter remains that the last was also inspired by previous works like the The origin of the nation of Lombards . As with this writing, the History of Langobards is not only a historical document, but is also a compendium Germanic poems and legends [ 11 ] . In the Carolingian era and even since today, it is recurrent that historians regain the work or are inspired by previous historians, like Gr\u00e9goire de Tours or B\u00e8de the Venerable, and as is the case with Paul deacon. Louis II the young from Italy and Andr\u00e9 de Bergamo [ modifier | Modifier and code ] The emperor and king of Italy Louis II was born in the year 825 and died in the year 875. He was the great-grandson of Charlemagne. He had the originality of being named twice of the West while having the title of King of Italy, bringing together the North and the Center, apart from the Pontifical States. The reign of Louis II will be marked by the wars against the Muslims invading southern Italy and by cooling relations with the Byzantine Empire, especially during the siege of Bari with the Muslims in the year 872. His death, which occurred in the year 875 in Brescia, moved the Emperor’s body to Milan. If Andr\u00e9 de Bergame was there, he was not the only one to participate in the burial of the sovereign and he was not one of the highest bodies of the Church present during this event. He participated under the title of presbyter, nothing more. The Bishop of Bergamo, Gariblado, the Archbishop of Milan, Anspeto and the bishop of Cr\u00e9mone, Beno\u00eet, were the ecclesiastical hierarchs responsible for burial of the body [ first ] . In his column, Andr\u00e9 relates the facts as follows [ 9 ] : ‘ Then, after the year, this is the 8 star comet in heaven appeared in the likeness of the rays of the long-tail throughout the whole month of the fortnight, in the morning and evening. Then, in Julius in Julius, and the city of Julius came, and the city of Cuminus, the burning of the fire. The next month of August Helfovish Emperor died, the day of August in the ends of Bresiana. Antonius, Brescian Bishop, took his body and put him in the tomb in the church of the holy Mary, where the body of the holy filastric rest. Answered the Archbishop of Mandans with him by the archdeacon, to pay the body; He did not want. Then the command Gargomensis Bishop and Bishop of Bishop with his priests and all the clergy to come as the archbishop. Bishops, however, they did so, and there, they went; Pulling him from the earth, and the fifth day after the passing into Pharetro, with all honor, hymns of the singing in Milan. Truth in Christ, I have been there and a part, and when I walked away from the river, which is called oil to the flood. In fact, in the city with a great honor and weeping, in the church of Blessed Ambrose and buried on his sequel. He commanded the years 32, that is, the age of 12 after the death of the age of 20. \u00bb \u2191 a b c d e and f (it) Margherita Giuliana Bertolini, Biographical Dictionary of Italians: Andrea da Bergamo , vol. 3, Rome, Institute of the Italian Encyclopedia, 1961 ( read online ) .  \u2191 a et b Sylive Albou-Tabart, The kings of France , Paris, Hachette Collections, 2005 , 240 p. , p. 43 .  \u2191 ‘ E-codices-Virtual Library of Manuscripts in Switzerland \u00bb , on www.e-codices.unifr  (consulted the February 26, 2023 )  \u2191 Hermann Hilgemann et Werner Kinder, Historical Atlas: from the origins of humanity to the present day , Stock editions, 2000 , 670 p. , p. 114-115 .  \u2191 Paul Diacre, The history of Lombards .  \u2191 Acentcel out that ncrisa very eight. Observations on the vocabulary of Paul Diacre \u00bb, Medieval civilization notebooks , n O 34, April-June 1966 , p. 260 ( read online , consulted the August 3, 2017 ) .  \u2191 Sylive Albou-Tabart, on. Cit. , p. 37-38 .  \u2191 Pierre Milza, History of Italy from origins to the present day , Arth\u00e8me\/Fayard Pluriel bookstore, two thousand and thirteen , 1098 p. , p. 165-171 .  \u2191 a et b Andr\u00e9 de Bergame, Chronicle on Institute for Middle Ages Research .  \u2191 a et b L\u00e9o Dubal, \u2026 Our time is counted  (www.archeometry.org\/timetale.htm) .  \u2191 Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Vincent, ‘ The origin of the nation of Lombards \u00bb , on The Encyclopedia of Medieval Scandinavia  (consulted the August 3, 2017 ) .  Publications [ modifier | Modifier and code ] (the) Andrea da Bergamo, Andreas Bergomatis Chronicle , [first] (the) Andr\u00e9 de Bergame, Chronicle on Institute for Middle Ages Research  [2] . Bibliography [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Oscar Cullmann, Ministries at the origins of the Church. Birth of the triple hierarchy: bishops, presbyters, deacons . In: Practical school of high studies, section of religious sciences. Directory 1970-1971. Volume 78. 1969. p. 383-384 ; two: 10.3406\/EPHE.1969.20565 ( Read on Perseus Yves-Marie Verhoeve, The Lombard kingdom and duchies: forms and means of progressive integration (The Kingdom of Lombardy and the Duchies: Forms and Methods of A Progressive Integration) , p. 21-36 ( Read )  "},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/andre-de-bergame-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Andr\u00e9 de Bergame – Wikipedia"}}]}]