[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/88-cm-pak-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/88-cm-pak-wikipedia\/","headline":"8,8 cm Pak – Wikipedia","name":"8,8 cm Pak – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 8.8 cm Then 8.8 cm Pak 43\/41 at the Borden Museum (Canada) Type Cannon Use Users Germany Production Manufacturer","datePublished":"2017-04-01","dateModified":"2017-04-01","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e8\/PaK43-41_base_borden_military_museum_5.jpg\/260px-PaK43-41_base_borden_military_museum_5.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e8\/PaK43-41_base_borden_military_museum_5.jpg\/260px-PaK43-41_base_borden_military_museum_5.jpg","height":"195","width":"260"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/88-cm-pak-wikipedia\/","wordCount":2384,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x48.8 cm Then 8.8 cm Pak 43\/41 at the Borden Museum (Canada) Type Cannon Use Users  Germany Production Manufacturer Krupp Entry into service 1943 Withdrawal from the service 1945 Description Peso Travel structure: 5000 In battery: 3700 kg Length 9,15 m Length 6,2 m Caliber 88 mm Munition type Explosive grenades or bullets with core on toilet Bullet weight 9,24 kg Speed \u200b\u200bon the sprint 968 m\/s (explosive grenade) 1200 m\/s (PzGr 40) Maximum range 21000 m Elevation -8\/+40 \u00b0 Shooting angle 360 \u00b0, limited to 60 \u00b0 when on the revolved Voices of artillery weapons on Wikipedia         (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4The cannons 8.8 cm Then ( Panzerabwehrkanone – Controcarri cannon) were designed and built in the last years of the Second World War in Germany to allow the 88 mm contrast cross -fairs to operate in the countercarri role, in which they had already shown their validity, using tapes more consions to particular needs. Some of these fires were adapted for use on tanks or fighters. Since the war of Spain, the 88 mm gaps (8.8 cm Flak 18) had been used in the ruling role with very satisfactory results. The results obtained in Spain pushed the inspectorate for the armaments ( Weapons office ) German to develop a projecting as a project with anti-tank functions (PZGR 39 8.8 cm) for these fire mouths since 1939. In the Second World War the first use of these cannons in the countercarri role took place in Arras by the 7th Panzer- Division against British wagons MK II Matilda, with more than satisfactory results. The use of 8,8\u00a0cm FlaK 18 It is FlaK 36 As a cannon countercarri had a very large use in North Africa, where they represented the greatest bogeyman for British armored forces. However, the affusing used for the contracts of the aircrafts was not the most suitable for the use of countercarri, as the pedestal (necessary to give the cannons I would contrast the rail up to 85 \u00b0) had two negative effects for a countercarri cannon:        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4the global height (and therefore visibility) of the piece increased (2.4 m, excluding the shield) the overturning moment contrasted by the basic cruise at the time of the shot increased On the basis of these needs, Krupp modified the cannon 8,8\u00a0cm FlaK 37 Thus making the first of the 88 mm cannons intended exclusively for the countercarrow use. The new Krupp cannon was always on a cruise businessman ( cross lafette ), but with a reduced elevation shooting capacity, from -8 to 40 \u00b0. In this way, once the wheels were removed and lowered the affusing, the cannon had a shooting capacity for 360 \u00b0, however, unlike the similar contrast cannons, the Pak 43 could shoot from the sharpener holding it on the wheels (what which significantly reduced the time for battery of the piece), limiting the shooting field to 30 \u00b0 from both sides of the axis of the main beam of the cruise. Initially the wheels were equipped with tires, but later, due to the scarce of rubber, these were replaced by full tires. The reduction of the height of the pedestal, and, in general, of the whole structure made it possible that the piece in driving order was only 2 m high, while in the battery (with the body without wheels) it dropped 1.5 m. The limits of this cannon were the weight of 5 t (which, however, was clearly lower than that of other cannons of similar caliber [first] )and the length in travel order of 9.15 m which made it difficult for its battery. However, considering that the piece could engage the enemy armored forces even from 3000 m the best use that could make it was to swear it behind the lines in fixed or semi -prowled positions. Once placed in the battery the piece could be stabilized with four thorns passed through the ends of the beams of the cruise and set in the ground. The shutter mechanism was horizontally as a horizontal scroll like that of the 88 flaks and the ignition mechanism was electrical, to be able to insert safety checks on the fire (limiting the elevation with which it could be shot in certain directions), to prevent the During the recoil, shutter would hit the beams of the deepest cruise. At the end of the mouth, a two -output brake was adapted, the model generally used on German cannons.        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4The cannon could use Heat bullets (high explosive), using the piece as a field artillery in support of the infantry, with the projecting Projet Ha had a maximum range of 21,000 m and a shift speed of the projectto with a mouth of 968 m\/s. The alternative to the grenade he could use the PZGR 40 ( Panzergranate 40 – countercarring bullet), which was technically a hard -hazelnous perforating bullet, that is, in which the bullet nucleus was tungsten carbide (toilet) within a block of sweet steel. In this way the drilling of the target took place through the kinetic energy of the core (given the high density of the tungsten), but the charge could be kept within reasonable limits (a bullet completely in the tungsten alloy of the volume of the one used in this cannon He would have had an excessive weight and would have requested a launch charge such as to explode the rod of the piece), the speed of these bullets to the mouth was 1200 m\/s. A heat (charging quarry) project for this cannon remained in a project state until 1945 and was never made. Cannon 8.8 cm PAK 43\/41 with a mk VIII Cromwell wagon in the background, 8 August 1944 (Totalise operation) The characteristics of the Pak 43 were devastating for all western wagons and for the Soviet T-34, but the heavy Soviet wagons, and in particular the new JS series, required that the countercarro pieces were brought to a lower engagement distance. The solution to be able to operate at shorter distances from the enemy wagons was to modify the affaus so that the battery -up and restoration times of the road order were reduced. For this reason, a cannon was developed which, abandoned the cruciform affaus, adopted for the 88 the affusing with the expedable legs of the 10.5 cm Lefh 18\/40. The new piece had only two wheels (with full tire) and the two legs with two vomers destined to reduce the recoil of the piece. The result was an extremely massive piece, weighing 4380 kg in combat order. Soon the cannon, due to the large servant’s protection shield, was nicknamed Barn (door of stable). The most heavy cartoccios reached 23 kg in weight and the smoke clouds generated at the time of the shot, very dense, clearly indicated the position of the piece to the enemy and obscured the optic myrins when the piece was branded to engage a different target. The penetration of the blows, however, was clearly higher than that of any cannon of equal caliber. From the report of an unidentified German officer: “A T-34 was hit posteriorly at a distance of 400 m and the engine block was thrown 5 meters away and the top of the turret at 15 meters” ( John Norris, on. Cit. , p. 34 ) This cannon was derived directly from 8.8 cm Flak 36 to be installed on the Panzer VI Tiger I. The length of the barrel was always 56 calibers, however, to make the piece compatible with the restricted use within the turret of a tank , the filling mechanism had been redesigned in the likeness of that of the 7.5 cm KWK 40 (the Panzer IV Ausf. F2 and g cannon) and the balancing mechanisms and cushioning of the recoil had been significantly modified. The external appearance had changed considerably due to the presence, now necessary, of a brake of mouth. The only reinforced vehicle with this cannon was the Tiger I. When a more powerful cannon of the KWK 36 was requested, the Inspectorate for weapons decided to develop a version for vehicles of the Pak 43, then a cannon for wagons with the 71 -caliber cane was studied that would shoot the same Flak 41 bullets, given That the 23 kg of the projector for Pak 43\/41 could not be handled in the restricted space of a vehicle. The filling mechanism was simplified with respect to that of KWK 36, instead preserving the same balance and cushioning mechanisms of the predecessor. This cannon was the most powerful piece mounted on operating German tanks during the Second World War. The only tank to use this cannon was the Panzer VI Tiger II, however most of these pieces were used for an armed huntcarri with 88 mm cannon, and precisely: the Ferdinand, the Nashorn and the Jagdpanzer V Jagdpanther. The Ferdinand , then modified and renamed Elephant , used the tiger hull designed by Ferdinand Porsche who, despite having been built in about 90 specimens, had not won the competition against the Henschel hull: on the hulls already built, a prismatic Casamatta armed with Kwk 43 was mounted. In his Baptism of the fire in Kursk on Ferdinand He did not gave the desired results, especially due to the lack of an armament that would protect him from infantry. Withdrawn from the eastern front, it was used on the Italian front and in the defense of Budapest. The rhino (rhinoceros) was a hunting hunting on the hummel hull, that is, on a panzer IV hull modified with open structure above and with light front and side light armor. The rhino It operated starting from 1943 both on the eastern front and on the western front, until the end of the war. Last vehicle to use this cannon was it Hunting panther (Pantera Cacciatrice), a vehicle on the Panzer V Panther hull with the cannon in Casamatta. The protection, studied with extreme care, was based more on the inclination of the armored plates than on their thickness. The validity of this solution is well highlighted by the fact that the inclination of the frontal plates of Leopard 1, built in West Germany in the 70s of the twentieth century, was the same as that already adopted on Hunting panther . It Hunting panther It was one of the best successful vehicles of the whole war, but due to the chronic problems of supply of materials it was built in a limited number of specimens, assigned only to already expert crews: until the last days of the war with the Panzer hunter departments (Cacciacarri battalions) 559 \u00b0 It is 654 \u00b0 . ^  The weight of 3.7 in MK I (94 mm) British was 9.3 t – See J. Norris on. Cit. , pag. 24  John Norris. 88\u00a0mm FlaK 18\/36\/37\/41 & PaK 43\u00a01936-45 . Osprey Publishing Ltd (2002) Nico Scarlato. Tigre . Delta Editrice (snc) (2005)       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/88-cm-pak-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"8,8 cm Pak – Wikipedia"}}]}]