Rains — Wikipedia
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Jānis Plieksans Dit Rainis
Jānis Plieksans (1880)
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Rainis , pseudonym of Jānis Plieksan ( – ) – is a Latvian writer and poet, nicknamed the “Latvian Goethe” due to the extent of his work [ first ] .
From a bourgeois family, he turns to revolutionary ideas. He is the author of many works (poems, novels and plays) and translations (notably Goethe), of which Fire and night (1905) and End and start (1912) are part of the Latvian cultural cannon [ 2 ] . A lawyer by training, he was also a leading political figure, militant until his death alongside the Latvian Democratic Social Party.
Jānis Plieksans Est Né Le On the “Varslavāni” domain in the Dunavas canton in Latvia. His parents Krišjānis (around 1828–1891) and Dārta (around 1828–1899) rented a small plot of land in Tadenava, before moving to the Daugavpils region. In the family, there were three children: Jānis, Līze (1854-1897) and Dora (1870-1950) [ 3 ] .
Jānis Pliekšāns begins his studies at the Vilkumieta pension at O.Svenson. Then, he continued at the German school in Grīva (Daugavpils) from 1875 to 1879. In January 1880, he entered the Riga gymnasium, in the classic section. At that time, he learned Latin and Greek, he studied foreign classical literature and began to take an interest in Latvian folklore. It was during this period that he wrote his first poems [ 4 ] .
Jānis Pliekšāns continues his studies at the Faculty of Law of Saint Petersburg where he has friends with Pēteris Stučka. From 1888 to 1889, he worked in the Vilnius court, then he moved to a lawyer in Jelgava. From 1891 to 1895 he was editor of the newspaper Progressist “Daily Page” .
In 1896, he spent a short period in Berlin, then worked as a notary in Panevėžys, where he was arrested in May 1897.
Accused of being the animator of the intellectual movement with revolutionary ideas, the New current (Latvian: New current ), Rainis is imprisoned in prison in Liepāja and then in Riga. He was subsequently sentenced to five years of exile to Pskov, then, to Slobodskoï (1897—1903), where, in 1897, he married Aspazija (pseudonym of Elza Pliekšāne, née Rozenberga), writer too.
Rainis is one of the intellectual animators of the Latvian Revolution of 1905 which ended in failure.
Fearing new persecution, Aspazija and leave for Switzerland the . The couple settled in Castagnola, a village located near Lugano. Of this period date his pieces Cheval d’or (“Golden Horse” 1909), Indulis et (“Indulis and Arya” 1912), I play, I dance! (“I play, dance” 1915) et la tragédie Joseph and his brothers (“Joseph and his brothers” 1906-1914). EN 1916, Dans Son Poème Daugava Rainis one of the first intellectuals to bring the idea of independent Latvia.
His exile will last from 1906 to 1921. After independence, he became Minister of Education from December 1926 to January 1928, but he will never obtain the functions of President of the Republic to which he was aspired.
He died of a heart disease . When he died, a national tribute is paid to him. He is buried in the new cemetery of Riga which, the same year, was renamed in his name Cemetery Rainis. In 1935, a monument was inaugurated in its effigy at the entrance to the cemetery [ 5 ] . His statue was also erected on the Riga esplanade.
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Soviet stamp – 100 years from the birth of Rainis (1965)
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Monument d’Aspazija et Rainis à Jurmala
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Jasmuiža – Musée de Rainis à Aizkalne (2001)
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Soviet stamp with the effigy of Rainis (1990)
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Plaque Commémorative Rainis et Aspazija, USTERistrasse 14, Zurich
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falling from the father of Rainis to the Lutheran cemetery of Daugavpils
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