Pokomo (people) — Wikipedia

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For homonymous articles, see Pokomo.

Participating in an intercultural week in traditional Pokomo outfit.

THE Pokomo are a population of East Africa living in Kenya on the banks of the Tana river. It is mainly farmers who cultivate plantain, cane sugar, rice and corn [ first ] .

Depending on the sources and the context, we observe different forms: Pfokomo, Pokomos, Wafokomo, Wapokomo [ 2 ] .

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Their language is the Pokomo, a Bantu language, whose number of speakers was estimated at 63,000 in 2007 [ 3 ] , but most also use Swahili.

Clashes – often qualified by the media as “tribal violence [ 4 ] – regularly oppose the Pokomo to their neighbors to the west, the Orma.

In his thesis supported in 2001 [ 5 ] , Martin Pilly explores the multiple origins of this conflict that appeared from the XVII It is A century between Pokomo cultivators and Orma nomadic breeders, mainly around demands related to land property and access to water in a semi-arid region threatened by drought. The members of each community, in their respective mythologies, consider themselves the first inhabitants of the Tana Valley.

The , for example, livestock belonging to Orma enters a field Pokomo on the edge of the Tana – which triggers a two -day confrontation between the two communities which ends in several wounded on both sides [ 6 ] . In 2001 there were a hundred victims. In 2012 Kenya experienced renewed tensions between Pokomo and Orma. In August about fifty people are massacred, sometimes at the machete [ 7 ] . New violence burst into , causing around forty victims during the attack on a village [ 8 ] .

  1. ↑ (in) James Stuart Olson, « Pokomo », in The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary , Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996, p. 485 (ISBN  9780313279188 )
  2. ↑ BnF [first]
  3. ↑ (in) Tongue [PKB] in the linguistic database Ethnologist .
  4. ↑ “Tribal violence in Kenya are 39 dead” , The world With AFP and Reuters, December 21, 2012; “The tribal attack in a village in southeast Kenya left 45 dead” , Romandie, December 22, 2012
  5. ↑ (in) Martin Pilly, Orma-Pokomo Conflict in Tana River. The Conflict and its Socio-Economic Impact in Garsen Division of Tana River District , Moi University (Kenya), October 2007, 157 p.
  6. ↑ « Questions by Private Notice » (24 novembre 1970), in Kenya National Assembly Official Record (Hansard) , vol. 21, p. 2210-2211
  7. ↑ “Ethnic clashes left 48 dead in Kenya” , The world With AFP, August 22, 2012
  8. ↑ “Kenya: at least 39 dead in new tribal violence in the Southeast”, The new observer , December 21, 2012 ‘ http://sciencesetavenir.nouvelobs.com/monde 20121221.Afp8474/kenya-au-moins-39-mords-dans-develles-violences-tribales-ed-sud-sud-est.html » ( Archive.org • Wikiwix • Archive.is • Google • What to do ?)

Bibliography [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

  • (in) Robert Louis Buning, Jr. Islamization among the upper Pokomo , Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, 1979, 128 p. (ISBN  9780915984558 )
  • (in) Thomas Geider, « Beekeeping and honeywine in Pokomo culture, history, and lexicography », in Elisabeth Linnebuhr (dir.), Transition and Continuity of Identity in East Africa and Beyond: In Memoriam David Miller , Bayreuth University, 1989, p. 111-152
  • (in) Derek Nurse, « History from Linguistics: The Case of the Tana River », in History in Africa , vol. 10, 1983, p. 207-238
  • (in) Martin Pilly, Orma-Pokomo Conflict in Tana River. The Conflict and its Socio-Economic Impact in Garsen Division of Tana River District , Moi University (Kenya), , 157 p.
  • (in) A.H.J. Prins, The Coastal Tribes of the North-Eastern Bantu (Pokomo, Nyika, Teita) , International African Institute, Londres, 1952, 138 p.
  • (in) Norman Townsend, « Age, descent and elders among the Pokomo », in Africa (Cambridge), vol. 47, n O 04, , p. 386-397
  • (in) A. Werner, « Some Notes on the Wapokomo of the Tana Valley », in Journal of the Royal African Society , vol. 12, n O 48, 1913, p. 359–384
  • (in) J. C. Winter, « The prehistory of Lower Pokomo social organisation as reconstructed from kinship nomenclature », in Elisabeth Linnebuhr (dir.), Transition and Continuity of Identity in East Africa and Beyond: In Memoriam David Miller , Bayreuth University, 1989, p. 473-490

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