Histoire of niue — wipedia
Current research makes it possible to trace the Niue story From its colonization to the present day. The first inhabitants were Polynesians who arrived in two waves (one around 900 AD. J-C, the second in XV It is century). The British were the first external explorers of Niue. British protectorate at the end of the XIX It is A century, administered on behalf of the Empire by New Zealand from 1901, Niue became an independent country in 1974 by a referendum which established a relationship of free association between Niue and New Zealand.
The island was colonized by Polynesians from Tonga around 900 AD. J-C. Other settlers arrived from the Samoa around 1440 [ first ] . It seems that until XVIII It is A century, there was neither national government, nor unifier character in Niue. Before that time, the to (tribe leaders) and the fathers of families exercised authority over a fragmented population.
Around 1700, the concept of royalty and its practice appeared, probably influenced by contacts with the Samoa or the Tonga. Therefore, a succession of These are these (Title in Niuéen for “King”) Direct the island, the first of them is punished. Comes an important interrelage. At the end of this one, an elective monarchy is set up: the king is chosen from the leaders of influential families.
Captain James Cook is the first European to see the island in 1774, but he was, three times, unable to dock because of the fierce opposition of the local population. By reaction, cook baptizes the wild island ( Savage Island ). According to Encyclopaedia Britannica From 1911, this opposition is explained by the fear by natives to contract external diseases. Another explanation for the name of the island indicates that the natives who “welcomed” were painted, with what seemed from blood, in Cook and its crew. However, the substance that colored them, as well as their mouth and their teeth was that of RESULTS , an native red banana. For the following two centuries, the island will be known as the wild island, until its niu original name, which results in “contemplating coconut”, becomes its name again.
In 1846, some notables from the London Missionary Society landed. After years of effort to install a European missionary in Niue, a Niouéen [ 2 ] Appointed Nukai Peniamina was taken to the Samoa Islands and followed training at the Pasteur Malua Theological College. Peniamina then returned as a missionary to Niue with the help of Toimata Fakafifonua. He was authorized to settle in the village of Uluvehi Mutalau, after several attempts in other villages failed. The chiefs of the village Mutalau enabled Peniamina to access the earth and affected more than 60 warriors to protect the day and night at Fort Fupiu.
Christianity was first taught to the people of Mutalau before they were extended to other villages in Niue. Originally, several important villages were opposed to the introduction of Christianity and sought to kill Peniamina. The inhabitants of the village of Hakupu were the last to ask to receive Christianity, which explains that their village was renamed “Ha Kupu Atua”, which means “any word of God”, or “Hakupu” abbreviated. Tui-toga, which reigned from 1875 to 1887, was the first Christian king of Niue [Insufficient source] [ 3 ] .
Walking towards the protectorate and the passage under New Zealand authority [ modifier | Modifier and code ]
In 1887, King Fata-A-Iki asked by written by Queen Victoria that Niue was placed under British protection, but this request remains a dead letter. This request is motivated by the fear that the island will be annexed by a less benevolent colonial power and by the links established by evangelization. The request for a protectorate was renewed in 1895 and also remains unanswered. It is under King Togi-Pulu-Toaki that the island becomes British protectorate, the . Niue goes under the authority of New Zealand the following year (reception of a local representative ). The distance from Niue, as well as cultural and linguistic differences between its Polynesian inhabitants and those of the Cook Islands, earned it to be administered separately. Marginal territory, the island remains underdeveloped and many Niouéens emigrate to New Zealand. The annexation situation of Niue by New Zealand lasts until 1974.
During the first world conflict, 150 men on the island (4% of the total population) serve under flags in the New Zealand armed forces engaged in Europe.
In 1936, the census indicated that 34 Niouéens resided in New Zealand [ 4 ] . This era marked the beginning of a migratory chain: in 1943, they were 200. In 1959 and 1960, violent cyclones struck Niue, which encouraged the inhabitants to leave. On the other hand, the Neozélandaise material aid following cyclones informed Western consumer goods to the islanders, which led to a change in mentalities and encouraged migration even more. Whole families left their village to settle in Auckland and its surroundings. Thus, in 1966, 5,200 Niouéens emigrated. This exodus was reinforced with the construction of an airport in 1971 [ 4 ] .
Autonomy, in the form of a free association, was granted the by the New Zealand Parliament following a referendum [ 5 ] , [ 6 ] . The written constitution of Niue was promulgated as the supreme law. Robert Rex, a native of the island but of European ethnic origin, was appointed first Prime Minister of the country, a position he held until his death, 18 years later. Rex became the first Niouéen to receive the title of knight in 1984.
In , the island is devastated by Cyclone Heta which kills two people and leaves 200 of 1,600 homeless inhabitants. It also causes significant damage to the whole island, especially in the south of the national capital, Alofi. A high number of buildings were destroyed, including his hospital. Government buildings have been moved from towards a less exposed place more inside the country.
As a certain number of residents chose not to rebuild their house, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of New Zealand, Phil Goff, spoke of the possibility of calling into question the status of free association if too many inhabitants left the ‘Island not to lose their access to basic services. In the process, the Prime Minister of Niue, Young Vivian, categorically rejected the possibility of modifying the existing relations with New Zealand.
Niue is an unattractive country and loses inhabitants (the country lost almost 35% of its population between 2003 and 2009, going from 2,145 to 1,398 inhabitants). This decrease is due to a very negative migratory balance. Indeed, there is a strong emigration to foreign countries (notably New Zealand).
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