Bonnal (Doubs) — Wikipédia

Bonnal is a French commune located in the Doubs department, in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. Covering an area of ​​169 hectares including 54 of forests, its altitude varies between 251 and 292 meters.

Good classroom (1336), Respect (1394), Bonalle (1401 and 1544), Bonaule (1448), Bonnaule (1547), Bonnalle (1584), Bonnale (1629), Bonnal since XVIII ^{It is} century ^{[ first ]} .

Neighboring municipalities [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Typology [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Bonnal is a rural commune, because it is one of the municipalities that are not very or very little dense, in the sense of the municipal gate of density of INSEE ^{[ Note 1 ] , [ 2 ] , [ 3 ] , [ 4 ]} .

In addition, the town is part of the Vesoul attraction area, of which it is a town of the Crown ^{[ Note 2 ]} . This area, which brings together 158 municipalities, is categorized in the areas of 50,000 to less than 200,000 inhabitants ^{[ 5 ] , [ 6 ]} .

Land use [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Map of infrastructure and land use of the municipality in 2018 (CLC).

The occupation of the soils of the municipality, as it emerges from the European Database for Biophysics of Corine Land Cover (CLC), is marked by the importance of agricultural territories (70% in 2018), a proportion significantly equivalent to that of 1990 (70.9%). The detailed distribution in 2018 is as follows:
Prairies (39.8%), heterogeneous agricultural areas (30.2%), forests (29.9%), industrial or commercial areas and communication networks (0.1%) ^{[ 7 ]} .

The IGN also provides an online tool to compare the evolution over time of the soil occupation of the municipality (or territories to different scales). Several eras are accessible in the form of aerial cards or photos: the Cassini card ( XVIII ^{It is} century), the staff map (1820-1866) and the current period (1950 to today) ^{[ 8 ]} .

Under the Old Regime, Bonnal was part of the subdelegation of Vesoul and depended on the mastery of the waters and forests of the Baume bailiwick. On the legal level Bonnal depended on the presidial of Vesoul, the provost of Montbozon and the stately justice of Rougemont.
It was on the right bank of the river and upstream of Bonnal that at least two agglomerations once raised. The least distant in time, Saint-Maurice , located north of the Forges, is still reported on the Cassini map and in the parish registers at the start of XVIII ^{It is} century ; This village has completely disappeared, including the memory of the population, entirely renewed, it is true ^{[ 9 ]} .

The history of the village and that of the forge will become intimately linked, with increases and drops and direct repercussions on demography. And when the war is added to an off stove, or is the cause, there is no one in the village, 3 inhabitants in 1657, 10 in 1688. The XVIII ^{It is} century will see a recovery in the local industry, forges and mills, by the family of Moustier and the constitution of an autonomous lordship which she will have until the Revolution and beyond.

The French Revolution by choosing the river as a departmental limit cut the territory of Bonnal in two by putting Bonnal in the new department of Doubs and its forge in that of Haute-Saône. All the land on the right bank has since come up, from the commune of Chassey-lès-Montbozon.

The village of Tressandans and, in short periods, that of Pont-sur-l’Ognon gave some consistency to this parish.

Embroidery workshop [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

• In 1834, the merchant and fabric manufacturer, an officer of the National Guard, Damascus Lepelletier founded a new industry and a considerable establishment in crochet mousseline for curtains in Bonnal ^{[ ten ]} . This founder is even a candidate in the legislative elections of May 13, 1849.
• In 1841, by judgment of the Correctional Chamber of the Royal Court of Besançon, Damascus Lepelletier and his partner Théophile Papin were convinced and declared guilty of having participated in acts of contraband having for the object the introduction of Switzerland in France Mousselines embroidered, which acts, consumed in the period from May 26, 1836 to March 26, 1838, were by Pierre-Joseph Pichon, owner in Saulnot, using individuals gathered in number greater than 6 feet. Were each sentenced to 6 months’ imprisonment and jointly and severally with Pichon, at the expense and at 12,892 francs fine towards the customs administration, the duration to the constraint by body fixed at 3 years ^{[ 11 ]} .
• In 1860, Damascus Lepelletier Father and Charles-Aimé Lepelletier son, both traders form and constituted a collective business company between them until December 31, 1860 and which was from January 1, 1861 in collective name de LEPELLETIER FIL, the only responsible partner, and only commandes it with regard to Mr. Lepelletier Father. ^{[ twelfth ]} The purpose of this company is to trade in embroidery for furnishings, curtains and others, by operating more particularly the business that Mr. Lepelletier Père has in Paris, rue Saint-Fiacre (Paris), n ° 5, and the factory he established in the Forges de Bonnal, commune of Chassey-lès-Montbozon, as well as various deposits; 2 ° to make the manufacture, purchase and sale of all materials and products relating to the trade in question, both in France and abroad; 3 ° To finally do all the accessory operations of those mainly set out. The company will expire on December 31, 1867. Mr. Lepelletier father brought to the company a sum of 84,000 francs, represented by the business of manufacturing and sale of embroidery operated both in Paris and in Bonnal and in various deposits, by The goods garnishing said funds, equipment, horses, cars, garnishing the trade homes and the Paris fund.

Administrative and electoral attaches [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The municipality is part of the Besançon district of the Doubs department, in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. For the election of deputies, it depends on the third district of Doubs.

She has been part since 1793 of the canton of Rougemont ^{[ 13 ]} . As part of the 2014 cantonal redistribution in France, the municipality is now a member of the canton of Baume-les-Dames.

Intercommunality [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The municipality joined in 2001 to the community of communes of the Pays de Villersexel, mainly located in Haute-Saône.

List of mayors [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

In the 1654 census, Bonnales is uninhabited. In 1657, only one household made up of 3 people repented the premises, it is a question of François Jeannenot .

The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known through the population censuses made in the municipality since 1793. From 2006, the legal populations of the municipalities are published annually by INSEE. The census is now based on an annual information collection, successively concerning all the municipal territories during a period of five years. For municipalities with less than 10,000 inhabitants, a census survey relating to the entire population is carried out every five years, the legal populations of the intermediate years being estimated by interpolation or extrapolation ^{[ 16 ]} . For the municipality, the first exhaustive census falling within the framework of the new system was carried out in 2004 ^{[ 17 ]} .

In 2020, the town had 20 inhabitants ^{[ Note 3 ]} , in decrease of 33.33%compared to 2014 (Doubs: +1.96%, France excluding Mayotte: +1.9%).

Histogram of demographic evolution

Lake [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Lac de Bonnal is mainly in the town and for a small part in the town of Esprels in Haute-Saône.

Forge [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The forges are cited several times during the XVI ^{It is} century. In 1545 ^{[ 19 ]} , François de Gevigney sells to Jean de Civria his possessions of Rougemont and his rights on the mills and forges of Bonnal. In 1564, the master of forges Nicolas Vatelet was sentenced to fines for offenses to the edicts on iron. These factories then included a stove to melt the ore and several light fires. After a long silence at XVII ^{It is} A century, it was the recovery shortly before 1700.

A large hamlet is quickly created around forges. A blast furnace, five forges fires, a cylinder machine, a fourteen coil wire shooting. The iron ore came from various open -air mines prospected in the surrounding villages. The mill, also anterior at 1545, was installed on the left bank of the Ognon and never knew unemployment. It had two wheels and a ribe for hemp.

• In 1842, on June 26, by private deed was made up a company in collective name under the reason Duchon et cie Between sieurs Jean Baptiste Duchon, Nicolas Truchot, Félix Auguste Tanchard and MM. JACQUARD ET CIE, whose object is the exploitation of Mountainyy and BONNAL factories. Note that Jacquard is Duchon’s brother-in-law, while the other two partners are the spouses of the Cousins ​​of said Duchon. The duration of the company was fixed at 7 years, Sieur Duchon being the manager, with a capital of 300,000 francs.
• In 1846, the feverish factory was described as having a high furnace, two forges fires, two cylinders and accessories, a mill below the spillway; An annual rush of 20 hectares; About 75 hectares of meadows and 20 hectares of fields ^{[ 20 ]} .

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References [ modifier | Modifier and code ]