Le Cural — Wikipedia

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Le curial (that is to say “the courtier”) is a text of French literature of XV It is century, moral treated in the form of a letter making the satire of court life, existing both in Latin ( The life of a curiale is to be detested as a full ) and in French medium. The opinion prevailing today (after discussions of the past) is that the original version, which is the Latin, is a work by Alain Chartier, composed around 1427, and that the translation into French, very little posterior, is anonymous.

The text presents itself as a letter to a recipient designated at the beginning by the apostrophe ” dearest brother («« my freed freet ), That the author strives to dissuade from coming to join him at the Court, where life is presented as a real slavery, incompatible with the practice of virtue, exposing to compromises and the vagaries of fortune, and n ‘Offering that illusory and false satisfaction. The recipient has been traditionally identified as Guillaume Chartier, a younger brother of Alain Chartier and future bishop of Paris; This idea is refuted by Pascale Bourgain-Hémerick, last editor of the text, for whom, in this literary epistle, it is rather an imaginary recipient. The author was inspired in particular from Juvenal [ first ] and Seneca.

The work was mainly known, at XV It is and at XVI It is century, in its French medium translation, so much so that it was at least twice retraced in Latin: by Robert Gaguin in 1473 [ 2 ] ; and by Jean de Pins (under the title De vita aulica ) [ 3 ] .

An alternative conception on the genesis of the text was formulated by Ferdinand Heuckenkamp, ​​who was an editor at the end of XIX It is century [ 4 ] : According to him, Alain Chartier would only have been the translator in French means of an original Latin who was not of him; It is based on the indication contained in an earlier edition of the Latin version (in the A large collection by Edmond Martène and Ursin Durand, Tome II, Paris, 1724, col. 1459 sqq.), Which used ms. 978 of the Tours library indicating as title Letter 76. Ambrose of Miliis [ 5 ] to the gontherum. Discourages him from the court . This position was refuted soon after by Arthur Piaget [ 6 ] , which establishes the one that has prevailed since during the specialists (in particular M me Bourgain-Hémerick) [ 7 ] .

The theme of the miseries of the life of Courtier is a common place of the literature of the XV It is century, which we find, among other things, in the The court of the letter d’Iroas ​​ZYVVUS PICCOLOMINI (1444) Et in the Roman en Mohan 6 Intitatullé Abuzé in short (middle of the century, long attributed to René d’Anjou).

  • Pascale Bourgain-Hémerick (ed.), Alain Chartier’s Latin works , Paris, CNRS editions, 1977.
  1. ↑ Cf. «  Don’t reassure these Juvenal Satira fourth  » (XVI, 19).
  2. ↑ Translation addressed on December 10, 1473 to his former Spanish fellow student François de Toledo (Francisco de Toledo), then in Italy.
  3. ↑ Posthumous edition by Jacques Colomiès, Toulouse, 1540, with a dedication to Georges d’Armagnac, bishop of Rodez.
  4. ↑ Le Curial, by Alain Chartier. French text of XV It is century with the Latin original, published after the manuscripts , Halle, Max Niemeyer, 1899.
  5. ↑ Ambrogio dei Migli (in Latin “Ambrosius de Miliis”) is a Milanese who arrived in Paris around 1390 and who arises at the society of French humanists from the time of Charles VI (Jean de Montreuil, Gontier Col, Nicolas de Clamanges). He made him obtain a post of secretary of Duke Louis of Orleans, then of his son Charles of Orleans.
  6. ↑ Arthur Piaget, «  The beautiful lady without mercy and his imitations, I “, Romania 30, 1901, p. 45-48.
  7. ↑ The poet Martin Le Franc, in his Is fortune and virtue (around 1447/48), presents Alain Chartier well as the author, and not the simple translator, of the text: ” Alain Chartier, poet François, newly to my pleasure descript has the misery of the short “Said Virtu.

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