Monuments representing Otto von Bismarck – Wikipedia

THE Monuments representing Otto von Bismarck , main actor in German unification, Prussian chancellor and first ^is Chancellor of the German Empire, are particularly numerous in the Germanic world. This ranges from simple commemorative plates to monuments comprising several statues, such as the national bismarck monument in Berlin. This type of monuments is very widespread, only the monuments in honor of the so-called unification wars: War of the Duchies of 1864, Austro-Prussian War and the Franco-German war of 1870 and those representing the Emperor William I ^is are more numerous. The monuments in honor of Bismarck are visible signs of the true cult that surrounded the chancellor during the period of the German Empire.

Statue of Bismarck in Hamburg from 1906, it is 14.8 high m and 34.3 m with its base

Monuments built before 1871 [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

First « Tour Bismarck » Erected in 1869 in Ober-Johnsdorf (today Janówek)

Monuments in honor of the Chancellor were erected before the training of the German Empire. The first is an obelisk of 12 m From high to Gross-Peterwitz in Silesia in 1868. A year later, a tower at Ober-Johnsdorf, still in the same region. These monuments are the fruit of private initiatives.

Monuments built between 1871 and 1890 [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Shortly after the unification of Germany in 1871, began to flower the monuments of Bismarck. It is generally not alone, the other protagonists of the wars of 1866, 1870 and the unification that are Guillaume I ^is , Prince Frédéric, Helmuth Karl Bernhard von Moltke and Albrecht von Roon are often associated with him.

The Chancellor’s first representations appeared from 1877, with the Canossa column in Bad Harzburg and the first statue in Bad Kissingen. We realize at the time busts and statues of bronze of the chancellor in cuirassier uniform, placed on massive stone bases symbolizing its superiority. An example is in Cologne with a statue dating from 1879. These statues are most often found in the main square of cities. In addition, more than thirty fountains in honor of Bismarck are built. Monuments in this way are built on all continents: especially in the German colonies, but also in countries with high German immigration such as the United States or Brazil.

Monuments built between 1890 and 1898 [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

After the removal of Bismarck from his functions of Chancellor in 1890 were formed local committees in order to build other monuments in his honor. Their number is constantly increasing and new forms of monuments appear. Some, rare, represents him in civilian clothes, such as the Leipzig monument, where he is in hunter outfit with his dog Tyras.

Medieval style towers are also erected on heights outside cities.

Monuments built after 1898 [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

So -called ‘ Goddom »

Staircase cage of a type bismarck tour type ‘ Goddom » to (hildesheim)

After his death in 1898, the popularity of Bismarck experienced a new revival and with her the constructions of monuments. The forms of expression changes however and Bismarck is sometimes represented equipped with a medieval armor in place of its usual uniforms. In addition, the monuments go much further in architecture.

The architect Wilhelm Kreis carried out in 1899 for the competition of the Association of German students (of) sketches for the construction of Goddom . These kinds of giant torch allow him to win the competition. A burning can be switched on at the top of the tower for the chancellor’s commemoration days. The 47 laps of this type built until 1911 thus form a network in Germany making the event particularly remarkable. Add to these Goddom Other bismarck towers also equipped with burning with the total to 167 illuminated laps. However, approval is not general and some cities refuse to build such a tower. Another problem comes from the fact that the day of commemoration does not consensus, the first ^is April, date of birth of the Chancellor, being during the holidays. All these laps are mainly funded by private initiatives. The construction materials used are always local, sandstone or granite for example. In total, 240 bismarck rpm is erected.

A top must be reached with the construction of the national bismarck monument on the hill Elisenhöhe de Bingerbrück. His planning began in 1907, the call for tenders took place in 1910 and it was finally to be inaugurated the first ^is April 1915 ^{[ first ]} . However, the way in which the tender procedure was carried out is debated and the trigger of the war puts an end to the project ^{[ 2 ]} .

Many monuments were destroyed during the Second World War or during the regime changes that followed. Certain statues have been melted for armaments, others destroyed during bombing and finally others withdrawn after 1945. Many catering operations then took place and are often carried out by local heritage defense associations.

Example [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Commemorative plaque in Itzehoe

• Statue Au Mont Aschberg (of) Re-introduce
• Baden-Baden-Sur La Town hall
• Bad Bentheim – On the Bismarckplatz (place Bismarck) ^{[ 3 ]}
• Bad Harzburg, Canossa column on the Mont du Château.
• Bad Kissingen, statue near the Saline.
• BAD KOWSES – AUHOUTULE RUBER – NORBERT PRETETS (of) In 1896, young Bismarck shows, studying the body Hannovera Göttingen with his dog Ariel. Restored in 2006.
• Bad Pyrmont – Portrait on the war memorial of the Franco -German war of 1870 by Friedrich Volke on the Kaiserplatz , inaugurated in 1897 ^{[ 4 ]}
• Bad Schwartau – Quartier de Big parin – Commemorative stone dating from 1895 next to the bismarck oak.
• Bad Urach – Bust near St. Amandus church
• Berlin :
• Bielefeld – Statue in front of the Chamber of Commerce ^{[ 5 ]}
• Bremen – Equestrian statue next to the Bremen cathedral of Adolf von Hildebrand, inaugurated in 1910
• Bühl – Pierre on the Sand .
• Darmstadt – Fontaine on the Ludwigsplatz .
• DETMOLD – On the previous place the Hermannekmmal ^{[ 6 ]}
• Deux-Ponts-Quartier d’Herzogvorstadt, statue opposite the Hôtel-de-Ville de Wilhelm Albermann inaugurated in 1894.
• Döbeln – On the Obermarkt , inaugurated the July 5, 1905
• Donaustauf – Bust in Walhalla, inaugurated the October 18, 1908
• Dortmund
• Dresden – Relief on the Building of the café on the Körnerplatz , data of 1894
• Duisburg – close to the town hall.
• Düren – On the Bismarckstrasse (rue Bismarck).
• Düsseldorf-statue in the city center since 1961, northwest of the Martin-Luther-Platz , inaugurated the May 10, 1899 on the Alleestraße , become since the Heinrich-Heine-Allee . She was drawn by August Bauer and Johannes Röttger. She measures 3 m high and is placed on a Bayreuth granite base of 4 m from above.
• Eberbach – Monument with portrait ^{[ 7 ]}
• Erfurt – Christian Paschold Statue (of) at the Bismarck house on Place Anger (of) .
• Eat :
  • in the southern district, at the level of Bismackplatz . Statue the 3 m high surmounting a base of 1.5 m . He is in military clothes with a cutting helmet.
  • in the Essen -ktwig district-south of the Martin-Luther-Platz associated with Guillaume I ^is and in Roon.
  • district the thrower – aufacture you Dückerpark , alongside the emperor Guillaume i ^is and Helmuth von Moltke.
• Feldberg in the Black Forest – Au Sommet you Seebuck
• Francfort-sur-Main
  • Höchst district – east of the industrial area
• Goslar – On the promenade Georgwall , produced by Willibald Böttcher, inaugurated in 1902
• Hamburg
• HANAU WILHHELMADBAY – a face you parc.
• Hann. Münden – Bust opposite the rampart, dating from 1895 ^{[ 9 ]}
• Heidelberg – South the Bismarckplatz .
• Heidenheim an der Brenz – Commemorative Pierre with a relief at the station.
• Heilbronn – Statue in the Bismarckpark .
• Hoof in the sealer – cheeen tomarck au parc Municism the Theresienstein .
• Husby – Monument with relief medallion.
• Jena – Relief of Adolf von Hildebrand on the Bismarckbrunnen (Bismarck fountain) on the market square.
• Itzehoe – column and commemorative plaque.
• Karlsruhe – at the level of Gymnasium Bismarck.
• Kiel – Statue in the Hiroshimapark (PARC HIROSHIMA).
• Krefeld – In the Bismarck district on the Bismarckplatz (Place Bismarck) is an empty base with an inscription recalling the presence of a statue which is being reconstituted.
• Langerwehe – Monument in the garden of Kammerbusch .
• Lienen – Pierre with portrait ^{[ ten ]} .
• Lindau (Bodensee) – in the Hoyren district, on the south side of Hoyerberg (Mont Hoyer), statue of an eagle of about 10 m high with a relief of bismarck on the base.
• Lübeck – Monument between the station and the Linden court (Place des Tilleuls) d’mil dogries (of) , inaugurated in 1903.
• Mannheim – Monument between the station and Schwetzinger suburb .
• Munich – Fritz Behn statue of 1931 at the Deutsches Museum on the Boschbrücke (pont Bosch).
• Munich – Relief on a secondary column next to the Angel of Peace of 1899 ^{[ 11 ]} .
• Norden (Ostfriesland) – on the market ^{[ twelfth ]} .
• Nuremberg – On the Prince regent bank (Rive du Prince Régent).
• Pforzheim – in the municipal park.
• SOHLAND AN DER SPREE – Monument on the Schluckenauer Strasse (Rue Schluckenauer).
• Teterow – Pierre with bronze relief, restored in 1990.
• Wiesbaden – district of Nerotal -Anlage: statue of 1898, moved later outside the city.
• Wuppertal – Barmen district: statue on the Geschwister-Scholl-Platz (of) .

Hesse [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Mecklembourg-Poméranie-Western [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Rhine-of-Nord-Westphalia [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

• Altena – bronze statue inaugurated the first ^is September 1895 in the Lüdenscheider Strasse , funded by Gustav Selve, sculpted by Arnold Künne (of) . It is dismantled during the war.
• Dortmund – by Wilhelm Wandschneider, inaugurated in 1903, dismantled during the war and then sunk in the late 1950s.
• Eat
• Cologne – Monument of 1879 on the Augustinerplatz , stolen after 1945.
• Vlotho
• WOUDHERAL, SIRE PRICE THE ELBERFL field, Statue the 1898 The Ludwig Bruno (of) , dismantled and melted in 1942
• HERDECKE – Monument erected in 1902 on sketches of Professor Reusch de Königsberg and funded by a private initiative. The bust is recovered during the Second World War to make metal stocks. The statue base was removed in 1946 and the street where it was, then called Bismarckstrasse (rue Bismarck), is renowned Goethestrasse (rue Goethe).

Saxe [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Old monument in the Johannapark of Leipzig, with his dog Tyras II

Sax [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

• Wernigerode – life -size statue destroyed in 1953.

Schleswig-Holstein [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

• Flensburg – fountain on the Südermarkt (South market), inaugurated on first ^is April 1903 and dismantled in 1937.

Thuringing [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

• Arnstadt – Fontaine on the Marketplace , built in 1909 on plans by Georg WRBA. Damaged during the Second World War by air bombings. Restored by a private initiative in 2006. It was in 2010 at storage hall from the city.
• Eisenach – Monument in the municipal park, kidnapped after the Second World War.

Pologs [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

• (of) Reinhard Alings and B. Soul , Medium Monument: On the relationship between nation and state in the German Empire 1871-1918 , t. 4, Berlin /New York, contributions to the history of communication, 1996 , «Monument and Nation. The picture of the nation state »
• (of) Thomas Gräfe , The Bismarck myth in the political culture of the Wilhelmine Empire , Munich, 2002 , 642 p. (ISBN  978-3-11-014985-2 , read online )
• (of) Werner Greiling , The Bismarck Tower. Civic engagement and national monument culture , Hain, Weimar and Jena, 2003 , 132 p. (ISBN  3-89807-045-X )
• (of) Hans- Walter Hedinger , Ekkehard May and Stephan Waetzoldt , Art administration, building and monument policy in the Empire , Berlin, 1981 , “Bismarck monuments and Bismarck veneration” , p. 277-314
• (of) When Frizzy , Bismarckdenkmäler – a bizarre departure in modernity , Hamburg, 2002 , 217 p. (ISBN  3-935549-33-4 )
• (of) Andreas Leutzsch an andreas Leutzsch , Nomads, interdisciplinary hikes , Bielefeld, Transcript Verlag, 2003 (ISBN  978-3-89942-111-8 ) , «Bismarck? We have grain from that, and it’s good » , p. 64-88
• (of) Michael C.Q. McGuire , Bismarck in Walhalla. The cult of Bismarck and the politics of national identity in Imperial Germany 1890-1915 , Ann Arbor, 1993
• (of) Dirk Reinartz Christian Graf von Krockow , Bismarck: From the betrayal of the monuments , Gœttingue, Steidl-Verlag, 1998 , 54 p. (ISBN  3-88243-175-X )
• (of) Sieglinde Soul et günter Kloss , Bismarck tower and Bismarck pillars. An inventory , Petersberg, Michael Imhof Verlag, 1997 (ISBN  3-932526-10-4 )
• (of) Sieglinde Soul , Lexicon of the Bismarck monuments , Petersberg, Michael Imhof Verlag, 2005 , 480 p. (ISBN  3-86568-019-4 )

external links [ modifier | Modifier and code ]