Abbey Saint-Léonard de Corbigny-Wikipedia

L’ Saint-Léonard de Corbigny abbey is a monastery of Benedictine religious from the former province of Nivernais, on the finage of Corbigny in Nièvre, in Burgundy. It depends on the former diocese of Autun (1180-1789) and the current diocese of Nevers (1801-2010). It is built on a mound at 195 meters above sea level, in the Anguison valley north of the city, at the junction of the Nevers roads in Dijon and Clamecy in Luzy ^{[ first ]} .

All buildings (since 1950) with confirmation for more recent buildings of XX ^{It is} century, as well as all the plots AD 164 to 170, 173, 174, has been the subject of a classification as a historic monuments since the June 13, 2001 ^{[ 2 ]} .

Foundation [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Saint Léonard was a monk who died the October 15, 570 . He was buried in the abbey of Vandeuvre in the town of Saint-Léonard-des-Bois which he had founded in the Sarthe. His relics were transferred to Tournus and, three centuries later, his body was transported to Corbigny to the diocese of Autun in 882. The abbey took its name as well as the city of Corbigny Saint-Léonard, which was built around.

At the end of WE ^{It is} Century, the place was only a villa whose owner, Corbon, left all his lands to his death, in the nineteenth -eight in number, to his only Varé or Vitrade son, who was later proclaimed blessed. He entered the orders and became abbot of the Saint-Pierre abbey of Flavigny-sur-Ozerain and the Saint-Andoche de Saulieu collegiate church.

By Testament spent in Semur-en-auxois on the 6th of the Ides of February 706, he bequeathed his property to the Abbey Saint-Prix de Flavigny and Saint-Andoche de Saulieu, Sainte-Reine d’Alise and Saint-Ferréol.

The land of Anthouin being part of the lot returning to the abbey of Flavigny, Father Manassès-le-Grand decided in 776 to build a priory. He asked for permission from Charlemagne who hastened to grant him and joined a silver shrine with relics of the Holy Spulcher and Saint Jacques. Unknown events delayed this achievement which was only carried out in the following century.

One of the successors of Mannassès, Saint Egilon, who will be Archbishop of Sens, presided at the foundation of the establishment. This abbot, after having taken the advice of the chorevêque of Autun and several lords of the surroundings who witnessed the translation of the relics of Saint Reine to Alise, in her abbey of Flavigny at Easter of the year 854, left from The next day raise an oratory in Corbigny thanks to the financial aid of Louis II of France, known as Louis-le-Bègue, and his second wife, Adélis, on the site of the Villa de Corbon. Saint Peter was the boss and, in honor of this holy apostle, he placed in the places twelve monks of his abbey.

Saint Egile gave them the land of Anthouin, its circumstances and its dependencies for their maintenance provided that they would hold it in a perpetual dependence of Flavigny. He pronounced an anathema in front of his religious if they were missing from this rule.

King Charles-le-Chauve gave the abbey of Flavigny and the priory of Corbigny to Adalgaire, bishop of Autun, by a charter of February 23, 877 which was confirmed the same year by the Council of Ravenne which presided over Pope Jean VIII. In 882, the monks brought from Tournus, where they had been transferred, the relics of Saint Léonard and Saint Veteran, or veteria. The Abbey took the name of Saint-Léonard, the city will follow because of the great popularity of this saint to whom many miracles were attributed. Saint Léonard “healed” the blind, he is invoked for the ears and eyes and fever, as well as for the liberation of prisoners. A plenary indulgence, in the form of a jubilee, attached to the pilgrimage of the premises by decisions of the Pontifes sovereigns. The anniversary of Easter Monday Translation, each year a solemn procession took place, the pilgrims took advantage of the Pardons Day in honor of Sainte-Madeleine in Vézelay which was held on Sunday of the Easter Octave.

Ignoring their promise, the monks, in 998, proclaimed themselves free and independent. They proclaimed Robert, brother of Landry de Nevers, count of Nevers, cunning and ambitious monk who had just been chased from Flavigny as their dean, fulfilling the functions of a claustral prior. These disturbances of all kinds earned him the nickname of Robert-le-Diable. The goods of this abbey were dilapidated.

In 1034, the year of the death of Brother Robert, Helmuin, bishop of Autun, brought together a synod at the request of Amadée, abbot of Flavigny. It was decided to abolish the title of Abbey in Saint-Léonard and to replace this monastery under the dependence of Flavigny. The monks refused to comply, elected a new abbot and the divisions continued until 1053, where Bishop Aganon asked the two abbots to accompany him to Rome to request the arbitration of the Pope. Lambert, dean of Saint-Léonard, went there but without the abbot of Flavigny. The pope gave reason to those of Corbigny without putting an end to the debates. Around 1150, the large number of pilgrims informed that they arrived in these places of the Poplicans, a sort of Manicheans who made proselytes and provoked troubles. The Archbishop of Sens moved. Tetric, their leader who was hiding in a cave, was fired and was burned in the public square in 1166. There were other fanatics around 1198. Corbigny became a large and rich town.

In 1173, Seguin de la Tournelle, lord-abbot of the Abbaye and Corbigny, obtained from the Count of Nevers, who had custody of the abbey, the authorization to fortify the town and the abbey provided that the one and the other would be recovered in his hands and those of his successors. In 1180, a fire destroyed the town and the abbey of which nothing remained. Philippe-Auguste, after having renounced his wishes for a crusade pronounced in Vézelay in 1190, would have come to venerate the relics of Saint Léonard in Corbigny. In 1200, at the request of the abbot, Pope Innocent III confirmed to this house his independence, all his property and the churches of his dependence, tithes and other rights and granted him new privileges. The reconstruction of the abbey and the buildings that caused major expenses and important debts, the Abbé Gauthier, to delete his monastery, used in 1228 to an act of emancipation by proposing to his subjects to redeem their servitude. They freed themselves by paying 500 pounds currency of Provins and an annual rent of 10 sous per hotel, and arranged in commune. The monastery was rebuilt on the other bank of the eel. Only the old abbey remains an elevation of an outdoor altar which was the chapel of Saar.

In 1432, the bailiff of Auxerre, a prisoner in Beauvais, devoted himself to Saint-Léonard and promised him a pilgrimage on foot in Corbigny.

Modern era [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

In 1754, after the reform of Saint-Maur, the buildings were rebuilt according to the plans of the architect Michel Caristie. The structures of the old abbey remain visible at the level of the basement.

After the revolution [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

In 1789, the monastery had an administrator who made a very active religious under the title of simple priority, Dom Landel, who presided over the restoration of buildings, when the French Revolution came out which drove out the last eight monks who lived in this abbey.

Since that date, it was successively: district hotel in 1790, the seat of a stud farm in 1807, then a small diocesan seminar in 1834 and branch of the house of the brothers of the Christian doctrine of Nancy. In 1858, the normal school of teachers took possession of the premises and, in 1888, a higher primary school and an elementary course, before a complementary course in 1889, with boarding school in the 1950s ^{[ 3 ]} Then, in 1894, a practical agriculture school which became a military hospital during the First World War. From 1962 to 1963, it was again a complementary course and general education college ^{[ 4 ]} , and it is today a tourist office since 2005, housing the cultures of the country Nivernais-Morvan ^{[ 5 ]} .

In 2009, with the approval of Historic Monuments and the Drac of Burgundy, the municipality ordered from a mural to the American conceptual artist Lawrence Weiner.

The cloister [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

In the reconstruction of 1754, the east and southern wings which prolong the church in the north consist of large galleries forming cloister.

The main church [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The high altar in Italian marble from the old abbey church was transported to the parish church of Saint-Seine. Drawings of details of sculpted fragments are kept at the Charenton-le-Pont heritage media library ^{[ 6 ]} .

Treasure and relics [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Father Jacques de Baudreil had the inventory of the Treasury of relics carried out in 1537, after that of 1407, which includes:

• A transparent vase containing what is given for “Saint Virgin milk”;
• A supposed tooth of Saint John the Baptist, and another just as supposed to be Saint Peter, embedded in two pieces of vermeil;
• the two arms attributed to Saint Léonard in a silver shrine;
• the head of Saint-Vétérien;
• An ex-voto in metal chains.

Gilles Franchet, a judge-pre-premises of Corbigny, was called the May 7, 1552 to make an inventory of the abbey reliquaries and silver vases; It turned out that their weight went up to eighty Marcs. In 1562, gold and silver detached from the reliquaries consisted of two ingots of twenty two marcs and in various silver leaves of thirty-three marcs. The whole fell into the hands of the Huguenots in 1563.

Monastic buildings [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

With buildings divided into “U” form around a central courtyard, decorated with a circular column well and closed by a grid, the north wing is occupied by the abbey church which prolonged to the east and in the south cloister. The interior of the buildings keep ironwork and original frames as well as paving.

There is inside a staircase with a wrought iron ramp with a vegetable pattern ^{[ 7 ]} . A porch is marked: “national gendarmerie” ^{[ 8 ]} .

The cartulary of the abbey founded around 864 has completely disappeared. Two bubbles of the Pascal II and Adrien IV popes have only escaped destruction and are reproduced in Gaul Christian . Three chronicles, including one without date, the other of 1656 and the third of 1710, form with the article of Gallia chritiana The only source from which historians drew. To remedy this lack of information, Anatole de Charmasse will publish, in 1889, twenty-seven charters who were copied by Dom Guillaume Aubrée, Bénédictin religious of Saint-Bénigne de Dijon. The said charters being kept in the volume CVIII, from folio 13 to folio 52 of the Collection twenty volumes known as Burgundy , acquired by the king in 1748, and now kept in Paris at the National Library of France. They are followed by seven others that he did not believe that he should publish them of less interest.

• Right of justice recognized by Louis, count of Nevers in October 1331, he prescribed the destruction of a gibbet raised by his provost of Monceaux-le-Comte at a place called CROS In the justice of the religious who complained of the sight of the trepassed for the pilgrims and the merchants.

• 876: Terre d’Anthouin ( Anthonius or Anthien ) ; Mhère ;
• 880: Tirol;
• 1147: Domaine de Montreuillon in franc alleu bequeathed by the reddish redhead for the crusade;
• 1152: Church of Ruges, donation of Hugues de Burgundy, bishop of Autun, for the remission of his sins and to have his birthday celebrated;
• 1158: Domaine and Longchamp vines, acquisition made by Valon and Hugues first ^is ;
• 1164: Land of Sardy ( Cerdiaco ), house and vines given by Pierre Chapelain de Bremen, for a rent of four pounds, currency of Nevers and Auxerre, and a pork of five sous at the feast of Saint Léonard;
• 1180: Chereau forest, to have both lively and dead wood and paculate their pork. Don of Raynaud de Bar-sur-Seine, who becomes a religious, provided that he pays twenty francs to Robert his eldest son on the day of the octave of Saint-Léonard and to sing a perpetuity of a requiem mass for the remedy of the soul of his parents;
• 1192: Mincey vine, Don de Mathieu Chapelain, for the foundation of his obit and feast that day the religious of Saint-Léonard;
• 1199: Thibault Count of Champagne, bequeathed a rent of ten pounds on the income of his bar fairs at the monastery in order to have religious;
• 1257: The Château de Monceaux, legacy of Mahaut de Bourbon, countess of Nevers for the rest of his soul and that of his predecessors, and a rent of a hundred sous;
• 1270: The land of nude, consisting of men, women, lands, wood, cens, justice except the children of Moret and their property provided that the one who would have the house of Tresnay would pay every year to all Saints ‘abbey. Don of Dreux de Mello and his wife Eustochia;
• The land of Marcilly, at the end of Cervon, was part of the abbey ^{[ 9 ]} ;
• in his dependence, various priories;
• The abbot had several troubles, notably in 1315 and 1350, with the religious of the Abbey Saint-Eptade de Cervon for the courts of the Hameau de Viry at the end of Cervon ^{[ ten ]} .

Dependent priory [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Priory Saint-Donat d’Abon, à Maux ^{[ 11 ]} , Asnan, Chevannes-Gazeau, Frasnay, Héry, Maison-Dieu, Ruages, Sainte-Camille, Saint-Franchy-lès-Frasnay, Saint-Georges d’Anlezy, Saint-Germain near Lormes, Saint-Germain, near Monceaux, de Saint-Privé, de Sardy.

The abbot also had the patronage of cures of the same name, he called to the two parishes of Corbigny, to those of Brain, Diroles, Mhère, Maison-Dieu and his annexes, Monceau-lès-Vézelay, Saint-Léger-du- Bois, Saint-Martin-du-Puy, Saizy, Sauzay and Vauclaix.

Regular abbots [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

• 998: Robert de Monceaux (? -1034) son of Bodon and brother of Landy Comte de Nevers;
• 1053: Lamubbert, Doingen;
• 1147 : yes, Ololo, Abb,bé;
• ? : Valon, or Wallon, received from Henri Bishop of Autun in legacy the church of Rages ^{[ twelfth ]} ;
• Hugues I (Pope Adrien IV confirms in 1458 by a bubble the acquisitions of the Domaine de Longchamp);
• 1154: Hugues II (use Pope Adrien IV to observe the Saint-Benoît rule, in his monastery)
• 1173: Seguin de la Tournelle, Lord-Abbé, Raynaud de Bar-sur-Seine, religious;
• 1195: Guy Saveter, Abbre (? -1195);
• 1195 : Guillaume I ^is ;
• 1228: Gauthier, abbot (an act of emancipation of his subjects);
• 1230: Girard, abbot renounces the mainmort and certain tax rights which he had on the inhabitants (seems to be Gauthier);
• 1248 : Simon I ^is ;
• 1252: Guillaume II de Viviers;
• 1271 : Guy I ^is (1271-1286), Philippe Maréchaut, prior;
• 1290: Etienne I ^is ;
• ? : Bertrand, successor to Etienne I ^is ;
• 1311: Réginald, or Regnauld, abbot;
• 1315 : Jean I ^is , abbot;
• 1350 : Alexandre I ^is de Digoine, undertakes by act given in chapter on Holy Thursday, to give every day to each religious two pints of pure wine for their diet in exchange for a loan of four hundred tournament pounds intended for the payment of the debts contracted by his predecessor ^{[ 13 ]} ;
• ? : Alexandre II of Digoine, nephew of the previous, dean and the Burgundian party;
• 1407: Hugues III de Maison-Comte, Lord-Abbé ^{[ 14 ]} ;
• 1435: Alexander III of Digoine, abbot (1435-1453);
• 1453: Guillaume des Ruaux, Saint (1453-1477);
• 1477 : Berndton IIe is Texle (1477-7 November 22, 1494 , from the nobility of the surroundings, already abbot of the abbey of Saint-Martin de Nevers, whose Jean Bongars competed for him for thirteen years;
• 1494: Jean des Gentiles, abbot until September 12, 1500 ;
• 1500: Claude de Senneterre, advisor and chaplain of the dowager Queen;
• 1505: Paul de la Platière (1505- February 3, 1525 ;
• 1525: Philibert de Chastel Religieux, asks the bishop of Autun and Jean Lombard dean of Saulieu his vicar general on behalf and as the agent of his colleagues to be able to proceed to the election of their abbot whose siege is vacant at the Following the death of Paul de la Platière. Guy de Baudreuil, licensed in law, advisor to the house of Longueville, he resigned in 1530 for the benefit of his nephew;
• 1531: Guy de Baudreuil, abbot commendatory of the abbey of Saint-Martin-aux-Bois since 1492, has exchanged his profit for François de Cleves in 1531 in order to get closer to the Nièvre from which he comes from, and more particularly Pierre-le-Moûtier. He left the Oise in 1531 with his brothers and nephews to the rank of which Jacques who succeeded him in Saint-Léonard;
• 1530: Jacques Baudreuil, nephew of the previous one, religious of Saint-Augustin who had to leave his order;
• ? : Jean Grandrye, dean of Saint-Léonard, parish priest of Moulins-Engilbert between 1554 and 1570 ^{[ 15 ]} ;
• 1563: Charles de Senneterre, abbot, the queen’s chaplain;
• 1601: Nicolas de Choiseul-Praslin, who made a profession for the reformed religion, he resigned two years later in favor of Martin Couvet;
• 1603: Martin Couvet, advisor and chaplain of the king, last regular abbot of Corbigny, permuta with Herard de Rochefort. This abbey was the last of France to be delivered to the commende.

Commendatory abbots [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

• 1626: Herard of Rochefort, abbot of Vézelay and Cernon, dean of Autun, first abbot commendatory of Corbigny, resigned for the benefit of his nephews Léonard and Charles and Herard II another nephew, for a reserve of two thousand pounds;
• 1633: Léonard de Rochefort, nephew of the previous one, then to Charles de Rochefort who died without having taken possession;
• 1637: Hérard II de Rochefort, another of his nephews who died three months after taking possession;
• 1637: Henri Sponde, bishop of Pamiers, appointed by the king, then who gave it six months later to Jean Sponde his nephew;
• 1638: Jean Sponde, nephew of the previous one;
• 1642: Herard of Rochefort, known as the old one, on condition of paying a pension of eight hundred pounds to Étienne Danse (1642-1644), son of the Queen’s apothecary;
• 1644: Armand de Bourbon, prince of Conti, given by the king. It was he who introduced the reform of Saint-Maur it September 14, 1647 and who gave it to marry in 1651;
• 1651: Melchar’s Harod the Senvas, Baron’s Saint-Romain (1651-1694);
• 1694: René Pucelle ^{[ 16 ]} , Sub-Diacre, Clerk Advisor of Grand’Chambre in the Paris Parliament ^{[ 17 ]} , (given by the king), Jansenist. (1694-1745) exiled in his abbey ^{[ 18 ]} ;
• 1745: Jean-OMLION, Adenoll you vote the Orlezon;
• 1783: Sixte Louis Constant Ruffo de Bonneval, vicar general of Mâcon, last holder of Saint-Léonard, he was appointed bishop of Senez, deputy of the clergy at the Estates General, counter-revolutionary, and therefore considered as “refractory priest” refusing to take an oath to the civil constitution of the clergy, he emigrated and died in Austria in Vienna in the first ^is mars 1820 ^{[ 19 ]} .

The Abbey’s court of honor welcomes more than 3,000 music lovers each year for “Corbigny musical festivals”.

Bibliography [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

• Ms latin 12678 Monasticon Benédictum BNF; Chronicle of Corbigny , f.162-93.
• Acta: aass; October 15 , p. 45-47 .Bhl 4858 500 and 4859 Life Leonard Conf. Corbiniacensis
• Peter Roverius History of Réomaüs
• Dom floor, History of Bourgognet , t.  I, p. 100 and 110
• Claude Courtépée, History of Bourgognet , t.  I, p. 106
• Anatole de Charmasse, Corbigny Abbey Charters , Autun, printing house dejussieu father and son, 1889
• Jacques-François Baudiau, Morvan or geographic essay , vol. 3, t. II, Paris, Guénégaud bookstore, 1965 , p. 98-126
• Jacques-François Baudiau, History of Mhère from its creation until 1867
• Le Corvaisier, History of the bishops of Le Mans , p. 152
• Bulteau, History of the Order of Saint-Benoît , t.  I, p. 272
• Alban Butler, Abbé Jean-François Godescard, Life of fathers, martyrs and other main saints , vol. 7, Paris, IMPR. the deduction, 1836 , p. 605
• Born from La Rochelle, Memoirs , Ritual of Autun, p. 282 to 285
• Jacques de Voragine, Golden legend , Paris, Gallimard – Pléiade, 2004 , p. 850-855
• P. Marillier, Corbigny , Paris, the book of History-Lorisse, 2001 , 478 p.
• G. Jugnot, The pilgrimage and criminal law according to the letters of remission granted by the King of France , coll. “The pilgrimage, Fanjeaux notebooks / first “, 1979 , 198 p.
• R. de Lespinasse, Through the Nivernais remission letters at XIV ^{It is} And XV ^{It is} centuries , t. IX to XIX, coll. “Bulletin of the Nivernaise Society of Letters, Sciences and Arts / 1”, 1902 , p. 113
• A. de Charmasse, Corbigny Abbey Charters , t.  XVII, coll. “Memoirs of educational society / 1”, 1889 , p. 38
• Jean de la Garde, The fortunes and adverse with the late noble Jehan Régnier, escuyer in his lifetime, lord of Garchy and bailiff of Auxerre , Paris, 1526 , p. 145

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