Abri Bɛlirin — Akikipedia

THE sailor shelter are places of accommodation created by Jacques de Thézac at the start of XX ^{It is} A century in ports in Brittany, mainly in Cornwall, for the benefit of sailors in stopover, too often forced to pass all this time in the Taverns of the Port.

By learning about the life of sailors and in particular their alcoholism problems, Jacques de Thézac creates the Sailor shelter . Its purpose is to build reception establishments for fishermen. The first shelter was built in Guilvinec in 1900, the last in Saint-Guénolé in 1952.

Jacques de Thézac decides to offer fishermen healthy premises, heated, comfortably arranged, meeting and education rooms: the “sailor’s shelters”, inspired by sailor’s homes British. These are houses, located on the port, still painted in pink, the shelters had to be model cabarets.
From 1900 to 1933, eleven “sailor’s shelters” were established in ports of Finistère and one in Morbihan. Some others were then built. Fifteen shelters in all were built between 1900 and 1952.

The list of “sailor shelters”, with their opening date, is as follows:

Sailor	Commune	Address	Contact details	Protection	Opening	Photo
Former shelter of the breast sailor	Island	35, Quai des Paimpolais	48 ° 02 ′ 17 ″ North, 4 ° 50 ′ 58 ″ west	Registered MH (2007) ( ‘ Notice » , notice n O  PA29000059	December 1899
Guilvinec sailor’s shelter	Guilvinec				February 1900
Larriec passing sailor’s shelter	Concarneau Lanriec				January 1901
Audierne sailor’s shelter	Audierne				November 1901
Savarneau sailor’s shelter	Concarneau	Quai de la Croix	47 ° 52 ′ 09 ″ North, 3 ° 55 ′ 04 ″ west		November 1901
Palace sailor shelter [ first ]	The palace				December 1901
Camaret-sur-Mer sailor’s shelter	Camaret-sur-Mer				1903
Sainte-Marine sailor’s shelter	Combrit Saint-marine	13, Quai Jacques-de-Thézac	47 ° 52 ′ 28 ″ North, 4 ° 07 ′ 15 ″ west	Registered MH (2007) ( ‘ Notice » , notice n O  PA29000060	first is November 1904
New shelter from the breast sailor	Island	34, Quai des Paimpolais	48 ° 02 ′ 16 ″ North, 4 ° 50 ′ 59 ″ west	Registered MH (2007) ( ‘ Notice » , notice n O  PA29000062	1906
Ile-tudy sailor’s shelter	Île-Tudy	50, main street	47 ° 50 ′ 33 ″ North, 4 ° 10 ′ 07 ″ west		1908
Roscoff’s sailor’s shelter	Roskoff				1909
SABER DU CONQUET shelter	The Conquet				After 1910
Douarnenez sailor’s shelter	Douarnenez	51, rue Henri-Barbusse	48 ° 05 ′ 49 ″ North, 4 ° 19 ′ 30 ″ west	Registered MH (2007) ( ‘ Notice » , notice n O PA29000061	1912
Savage of the Saint-Guénolé sailor	Penmarch Saint-Guénolé				1952
Poulgoazec sailor’s shelter	Plouhinec Poulgoazec
Houat sailor’s shelter	Houat
Port-Maria sailor’s shelter	Quiberon Port-Maria

Guy de la Rochefoucauld thus describes the “Sailor’s shelters” In 1914:

“Each shelter is of an almost uniform model. It has the appearance of a large Breton style house, but which gives the impression of ease and cleanliness. It consists of two rooms: one is properly devoted to fishermen’s meetings. We cause it, we play there games whose pecuniary interest is banned according to the prescriptions, rigorous in this regard, of the regulations. A reading room follows, endowed with a library which contains the varied elements of professional instruction and intellectual recreation manuals. (…). On the first floor, dormitories. Under the adjacent courtyard, all mounted gymnastics apparatus, while in the courtyard of skittles, balls, etc. In the reading room, you find the mailbox and office supplies at discretion, made available for free sailors. A tank, finally, allows fishermen to fill their barrels with healthy fresh water ^{[ 2 ]} . »

In addition to a press room where conferences, navigation development lessons or projection sessions were given, the “sailor’s shelters” included a library, a dispensary, rooms for passing sailors, workshops and an equipped courtyard gymnastics. On the outskirts were organized swimming competitions, boats, bundles or song models.

Charles Le Goffic also described in 1907 these “Sailor’s shelters” in his book On the coast ; This description is available on a website ^{[ 3 ]} .

Jacques de Thézac also experiences in Sainte-Marine “Marin’s housing”: this work “sketched at Sainte-Marine, puts at a few families, at low prices, a healthy and cheerful house of four pieces, oriented towards light, With large windows instead of the miserable skylight which leaves the inside of old cottages in the shade, the closed shadow favorable to the development of microbes. We add a small field which still helps to divert the fisherman from the cabaret, by attracting him at his time of leisure, when time is not handy, when the sardine does not give, the profitable culture of the earth. These houses are not yet numerous, money is lacking, but they serve as a model; They suggest to all the idea and desire for a cleaner and happier life ^{[ 4 ]} ».

The attendance of “sailor shelters” [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Sailors attending a conference at the shelter of the Douarnenez sailor in 1919

The West-Léclair newspaper gives details for the year 1919 on their attendance:

“The” sailor’s shelters “found their normal life: the 1919 entries increased by more than one hundred thousand in the previous year. These establishments recorded 335,670 marine admissions, including 60,134 entries to the reading rooms. These entries are distributed as follows: shelter of the naval of the Île-de-Sein: 11 188, Guilvinec 52 874, passage-Larriec 33 230, Concarneau 23 164, Audierne 30 596, [Le] Palais 14 509, Camaret 12 872 , Sainte-Marine 7 457, island-tudy 10 076, Roscoff 15 219, Douarnenez 129 085. ”

“Propaganda against alcoholism, tuberculosis, prejudices and antihygienic errors, have been methodically continued: conferences have attracted many very attentive listeners. Electricity and T.S.F. courses, however, were a revelation. (…) The “Société des Abris-du-Marin” happily notes on the one hand, the undeniable decline of alcoholism on the Breton coast by the decrease in consumption of distilled drinks, at the same time the wonderful activity that Breton fishing ports are constantly giving the consoling show ^{[ 5 ]} . »

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  Concarneau: old sea wolves making a part of cow sheltered from the sailor (around 1910)

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  A shelter room of the Audierne sailor in winter around 1914.

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  The bedroom of the Audierne sailor’s shelter around 1914.

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  Sainte-Marine: sailor’s shelter, foams making lace to try to make a living during the sardine crisis at the beginning of XX ^{It is} century.

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  Sainte-Marine: one of the walls in the main room.

Women were only allowed to enter the sailor’s shelters when conferences relating to hygiene, health or family were organized, but Jacques de Thézac encourages organizations where young girls and women make lace ( from Picot Bigouden) to provide for their family during the sardine crisis at the start of XX ^{It is} century ^{[ 6 ]} .

Jean Raffenel succeeds Jacques de Thézac after the latter’s death in 1936; He notably creates household teaching lessons for young girls. With the improvement of fishermen’s living conditions, many “sailor’s shelters” disappear after the 1950s.

Bibliography [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

• Frédéric Tanter, Breton fishermen & sailor shelters , SKED Éditions, 1995.
• Anne Forer, The coastal fishermen of Cornouaille, 1899-1936: care in the shelters-du-Marin and the Almanac of the Breton sailor. , Ed Coiffard, 2019 (ISBN  978-2-919339-63-1 )

external links [ modifier | Modifier and code ]