Alois Hitler – Wikipedia

Alis haitler , nato Aloys Schicklgruber (Strones, June 7, 1837 – Linz, January 3, 1903), was an Austrian customs officer and father of Adolf Hitler.

Alois Hitler was born in the small village of Strones in Waldviertel, a hilly and wooded region in the low north-western Austria, just north of Vienna, by an unmarried peasant of 42 years, Maria Anna Schicklgruber. ^[first] The day of birth, after it was baptized in the nearby village of Döllersheim, the priest on the certificate left the space reserved for the paternal surname and noted white illegitimate . The mother raised her son to Strones in the house of the elderly father Johannes Schicklgruber.

Some time later, Johann Georg Hiedler moved to the Schicklgruber and married Maria when the boy was 5 years old. At the age of 10, at the death of both the mother and grandfather Alois was sent to live with Hiedler’s brother, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler, owner of a farm in the nearby Spital village. Here he attended elementary school and learned the profession of cobbler. When at the age of 13 he left Spital’s farm, he moved to Vienna, where he worked as an apprentice cobbler for the following five years. In response to an Austrian government’s recruitment campaign, aimed at hiring staff for civil service, Hitler enlisted in the border guards of the customs service of the Ministry of Finance in 1855, at the age of 18.

Alois Hitler had a constant career in the semi-military profession of customs guard. The work provided for frequent reorganizations and Hitler served in numerous localities of Austria. In 1860, after five years of service, he reached the degree of Financial guard Oberlesherer (a lower officer) based in the city of Wels. In 1864, after a specific training and exams, he had a grade advance and moved to Linz. In 1875 he was customs inspector in Braunau.

While his professional role provided for great attention and an iron application of a set of rules, his private life seemed to ignore the norms of society. At the end of the 1860s, he had an illegitimate son with a woman named Thelka (or perhaps Thekla ), which he did not marry, whose surname is ignored. ^{[ without source ]} Hitler was 36 when he got married for the first time in 1873. Anna Glassl was a wealthy fifty year old, daughter of an officer, who at the time of the wedding was sick and disabled (or perhaps he became a little later).

Until the summer of 1876 Alois had used his maternal surname, Schicklgruber, but, at 39 years old and with a consolidated career, he asked for authorization to change him in that of his stepfather. He introduced himself to the parish of Döllersheim claiming that his biological father was the stepfather Johann Georg Hiedler and that he had now decided to recognize him officially (note that Johann Georg Hiedler had died almost twenty years earlier). He made himself accompanied by three relatives as witnesses, one of whom was the son -in -law of Johann Nepomuk Hiedler (Alois’s adoptive uncle). The priest agreed to the modification of the certificate, the civil authorities automatically assumed the decision of the Church, and Alois had a new surname. The official modification, recorded at the Misterbach government office on January 6, 1877 transformed “Aloys Schicklgruber” into “Alois Hitler”. It is not known the reason why the handwriting was taken Hitler instead of Hiedler .

Historians took into consideration three candidates:

• Johann Georg Hiedler (28 February 1792 – 9 February 1857), who was the stepfather and later declared the biological father.
• Johann Nepomuk Hiedler (March 19, 1807 – 17 September 1888), brother of Georg, who raised Hitler during adolescence and who ordered to leave him a considerable part of his heritage.
• Leopold Frankenberger , indicated by Hans Frank as a possible father of Alois Hitler in the period in which Maria worked as a maid at their family in Graz.

Johann Georg Hiedler [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ]

Son of Martin Hiedler (November 17, 1762 – 10 January 1829) and Anna Maria Göschl (2 December 1767 – 7 December 1854), he worked as an street vendor. He married for the first time in 1824, but his wife died in childbirth five months later. In 1842, he married Maria Anna Schicklgruber and became the stepfather of her son, Alois. In 1876, almost twenty years after his death, Alois was legally declared the son of Johann Georg. Numerous historians hypothesize that the real father was Johann Georg Hiedler. An explanation of Alois’s deployment as a child could be the state of poverty in which Georg and Maria paid, or the precarious state of health of the mother (who died when Alois was 10 years old). It is not clear why Georg and Maria had not recognized the child after their marriage, and Georg hadn’t even done it before he died.

Johann Nepomuk Hiedler [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ]

The historian Werner Maser hypothesizes that the real father could be Georg’s brother Johann Nepomuk, a married farmer. He assumes that Nepomuk had had a relationship with Mary and subsequently combined the marriage of his brother celibate with the intent of being able to raise the child without giving rise to suspicions by his wife. This assumes that Nepomuk would have liked to marry Maria, however the biographer of Adolf Hitler, Joachim Fest, considers this hypothesis not very probable.

Leopold Frankenberger [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ]

Shortly after the start of Adolf Hitler’s political activity in the 1920s, voices spread that he had Jewish ancestry. His opponents discovered that the father was not originally called Hitler and nobody seemed to know with certainty who the grandfather was. What ADELF really thought of these illications is not known. Heinrich Himmler ordered an investigation by the Gestapo in 1942, but did not lead to any conclusion. Hans Frank, in a confession to a priest waiting for the execution, claims that, after he was commissioned by Adolf Hitler to investigate the matter, he discovered that Hitler’s grandmother, Maria, had worked as a servant in Graz in the house of a wealthy house Jew named Leopold Frankenberger.

Frank said that Maria was pregnant and returned to the native village to give birth. Frank’s testimony was widely considered in the 1950s, however, in the nineties he was questioned by numerous historians. ^{[ without source ]} Ian Kershaw rejected the question as a “gossip” by Hitler’s opponents, noting that the Jews were expelled from Graz in the fifteenth century and they were not allowed to return until the sixties of the nineteenth century. Furthermore, there is no historical evidence of the fact that Maria Schicklgruber has ever lived in Graz. It was also argued that a nephew of Alois Hitler, William Patrick Hitler, after leaving Germany in the 1930s, threatened to blackmail Adolf by referring to the press That Alois’s father was Leopold Frankenberger. ^[2]

In 2019 Leonard Sax published a study on Hitler’s paternal grandfather in which Austrian sources are brought to light showing that a Jewish community was in fact present in Graz before 1856, and that the source to which Kershaw, Hamann and Others were the same, or the Austrian historian Nikolaus von Preradovich who was a fervent admirer of Adolf Hitler. ^[3]

Since the end of the 90s, a long study has been carried out by the historian Marc Vermeeren and published in collaboration with Jean-Paul Mulders, the duo has analyzed the DNA of 39 living relatives by Adolf Hitler who revealed the E1B1B aplogroup as dominant. This aplogruppo belongs to 18-20% of Ashkenazi Jews, 8-30% of sefardi Jews, and is common among the Berbers of North Africa. It follows that Adolf Hitler could also have had Jewish ancestors. ^{[4] [5]}

In 1876, three years after the wedding with Anna, Alois had taken Klara Pölzl as a maid. She was the sixteen -year -old grandson of Uncle Nepomuk Hiedler.
Not long after the wedding with Anna, Alois Hitler began a relationship with nineteen year old Franziska “Franni” Matzelberger, one of the young waiters who worked at the Locanda di Braunau, where he had rented the upper floor as an apartment. Smith claims that Alois had numerous extra-dark relationships in the seventies of the nineteenth century, which resulted in a legal action promoted by his wife Anna; On November 7, 1880 Alois and Anna, after seven years of marriage, separated consensually. Franni Matzelberger then became the fiancée of forty -three -year -old Hitler, however they could not marry because, for the canonical law of the Catholic Church, divorce was not allowed. Matzelberger obtained that the young maid Klara Pölzl was removed.

In January 1882, Matzelberger gave birth to Hitler’s illegitimate son, also called Alois, but, due to the fact that they were not legally married, the child’s surname was Matzelberger. Hitler took Franziska in his wife when he became widower of his first wife Anna, more than a year after the birth of the child. At this point he recognized his son, who assumed the name of Alois Hitler.

Alois Hitler had no strong career ambitions. Alan Bullock described him as a “hard, unpleasant and collector” man. For unknown reasons, Matzelberger went to Vienna to give birth to her daughter Angela Hitler. Matzelberger, then twenty -three years old, began to the lungs and was transferred to Ranshofen, a small village near Braunau. Remained alone in the care of his wife and children, Hitler attracted Klara Pölzl. ^{[ without source ]} Matzelberger died in Ranshofen on August 10, 1884 at the age of 23.

The Pölzl was soon pregnant. Smith writes that, if it had been possible, Alois would have married her immediately but, due to the change of surname (and consequent recognition of authorship), he was legally the cousin of Klara Pölzl’s mother. He made an appeal to the Church for an exemption for humanitarian reasons, not mentioning the fact that Klara was already pregnant. When the permit was granted, on January 7, 1885 they married a rapid ceremony, after which Hitler went to work.

On May 17, 1885, five months after the wedding, his son Gustav was born. A year later, on September 25, 1886, Ida came to light. Another child, eight, was born in 1887, but died shortly after birth. In the same year, both Gustav and Ida died of diphtheria.

On April 20, 1889 another child was born, Adolf. He was a poor health of health and Klara always worried about it. Hitler had a marginal part in his son’s care, demanding him completely to Klara. When he was not at work he preferred to stay out of the house, at the tavern or engaged in his hobby: apiculture. In 1892, Hitler was transferred from Braunau to Passau. He was 55 years old, Klara 32, Alois Jr. 10, Angela 9 and Adolf 3. In 1894, Alois Hitler was transferred to Linz. Due to the recent birth of Edmund, he decided to temporarily leave his wife and children in Passau.

In February 1895, Hitler bought a house with 36,000 m² of land in Hafeld, near Lambach, about 50 kilometers from Linz. He moved the family to the farm and left the work on June 25, 1895, at the age of 58 after 40 years of service. It was soon evident that the farm was too extensive because he could lead him alone: ​​the land remained uncultivated and the value of the property began to go down. In the meantime, the family had grown further: on January 21, 1896 Paula was born.

Without more a workplace where to take refuge and with five children at home, Alois was increasingly annoyed. Smith claims that the children were constantly scolding and that he spent more and more time in the local tavern, drinking. It seems that he behaved like a tyrant in his own home; Robert G. L. Waite noticed that “even one of his intimate friends admitted that Alois was terribly rough with his wife Klara e rarely addressed the word to her ». He generally limited himself to screaming and scolding his children, but some sources claim that he beat the young Adolf. ^[6] After a violent quarrel with her older son Alois, the latter fled home, arousing the wrath of the parent. Edmund (the youngest of the males) died of Rosolia on February 2, 1900.

On the morning of January 3, 1903, Hitler went to Gasthaus Stiefler as always to drink the usual glass of wine but, while reading the newspaper, he had a collapse: he was transported to an adjacent room and a doctor was called. Alois died shortly after, probably pleural payment, at the age of 65; He was buried in the Leading cemetery.

• Vermeeren Marc. “The youth of Adolf Hitler 1889-1907 and his family and ancestors”. Soesterberg, 2007, 420 pages. Uitgeverij Aspekt. ISBN 978-90-5911-606-1
• Bullock, Alan Hitler: A Study in Tyranny 1953 ISBN 0-06-092020-3
• Fixed, Joachim C. Hitler Verlag Ullstein, 1973 ISBN 0-15-141650-8
• Kershaw, Ian Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris W W Norton, 1999 ISBN 0-393-04671-0
• Maser, Werner Hitler: Legend, Myth and Reality Penguin Books Ltd 1973 ISBN 0-06-012831-3
• Smith, Bradley F. Adolf Hitler: His Family, Childhood and Youth Hoover Instituted, 1967 ISBN 0-8179-1622-9
• Waite, Robert G. L. The Psychopathic God: Adolf Hitler Basic Books 1977 ISBN 0-465-06743-3
• Payne, Robert The Life and Death of Adolf Hitler Praeger Publishers 1973 LCCN 72-92891
• Koehler, Hansjurgen Inside the Gestapo. Hitler’s Shadows over the World Pallas Publ. Co., Ltd., London, 1940
• Langer, Walter C. The Mind of Adolf Hitler Basic Books Inc., New York, 1972 ISBN 0-465-04620-7 ASIN: B000CRPF1K
• Norman Mailer, The castle in the forest , Turin, Einaudi, 2008, ISBN 978-88-06-18534-3.