[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/alternative-food-network-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/alternative-food-network-wikipedia\/","headline":"Alternative Food Network – Wikipedia","name":"Alternative Food Network – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 And Alternative Food Network ( AFN ) is a network of food manufacturers not linked to large retailers; AFNS","datePublished":"2019-12-28","dateModified":"2019-12-28","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":100,"height":100},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/alternative-food-network-wikipedia\/","wordCount":3546,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4And Alternative Food Network ( AFN ) is a network of food manufacturers not linked to large retailers; AFNS are connected to a variety of practices born to respond to the increasingly marked separation between places, times, ways of production and consumption and the needs of agro -industrial production and large organized production [first] .        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4In the international debate concerning food studies ( food studies ), are indicated as alternative food networks, agri -food networks alternative to the conventional food supply chain, organized on the basis of the needs of agro -industrial production and organized large -scale distribution. The purpose of these networks is to guarantee the physical and organizational proximity between those who produce and those who consume. [2] The AFN is based on the guarantee of product quality and a mutual relationship of trust between producers and consumers, including an exchange of what is local. [3] The turning point of quality in this case takes place thanks to the change of perspective of consumers, who decide to move away from the industrial food system to support local food systems that bind directly to the knowledge of the culinary culture and the inhabitants of the region. [4]        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4These alternative networks propose a fresh, ethical product and complete transparency on content and cultivation. The free market but also anonymous with local production therefore becomes an active construction of networks. [5] The item “Alternative Food Network” emerges for the first time in the nineties and refers to the alternative practices created to combat an industrial food system, judged little ethical and aimed only at large retailers. The growing phenomenon of globalization meant that products little linked to the territory were consumed, the seasonality of what was consumed was also considered. [6] The AFNS aim to promote a more direct and immediate relationship between the producer and the consumer. The quality guarantee, in this sense, lies in the trust that is established between the parties. The products that derive from alternative food networks are therefore considered fresh, organic, quality. [7] One of the first Italian experiences of AFN is to be found in 1986, when in Bra, Piedmont, the Slow Food movement was created [8] . Food was considered as an identifier of a tradition, a lifestyle that could put the territory and its well -being first. Next experience is that of the Locavores movement which, born in 2005 in San Francisco, proposed to consume only foods deriving from the fruit of direct cultivation for a month or at the maximum that they had been produced in the surrounding 100 miles. [9]        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Alternative Food Network in America [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] The alternative food networks spread to North America between the late sixties and the beginning of the seventies and are distinguished to propose a more radical, emancipatory and urban model of the production and consumption of food. [ten] The AFNS then develop in the rest of America, supported by environmental movements, activism networks for civil rights and activism networks against war. They then become increasingly influential by criticizing industrial agriculture and agrobusiness to promote a return to the earth. [11] The result is the birth of a link between rural farmers and urban consumers through local markets that then evolved into urban cooperatives and food shops and collective restaurants. [twelfth] Alternative Food Network in Europa [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] The European vision of alternative food networks refers to a return to what is an authentic panorama. The AFNS spread to Europe following the agricultural reform desired by the European Union Common Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) to give importance not only to centralized producers but also to decentralized ones, and in conjunction with the spread of forms of biological consumption, attentive to the Naturality, authenticity, freshness, and transparency of food products. Due to concerns concerning health and food safety, European consumers began to request and desire better guarantees of quality control and knowledge of how they were produced and what foods contained. [13] European alternative food networks have as their objective the revaluation and protection of local agriculture from what are the threats of global trade and standardization. [14] Among the alternative Food Networks, it is possible to include the Slow Food movement, born in 1986 as protest against the arrival of the McDonalds “restaurant chain in Rome. [4] Alternative Food Network in Italia [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] Alternative Food Networks are characterized by great fluidity and heterogeneity that make their clear categorization and classification difficult. In Italy a definition is even more difficult since there is no census of the different national realities. This is due to the fact that some of these realities have in the character of informality and were born to escape the regulatory classifications of the system. [15] There is also a great variability of the Afns linked to the territory which in Italy is significantly accentuated by Inter and intra-regional differences. However, it is possible to identify three categories of alternative food networks in the national territory: Farmer markets or peasant markets: they are self-organized places where producers sell their products directly regularly (weekly or monthly). Here you can find both local and “itinerant” manufacturers, that is, from different territories. It speaks in particular of agricultural products, crops and breeding [16] Purchasing groups or schemes box: they are groups of people who join in a collective reality and acquire together from a network of local producers. A relationship of trust is established between the two sides. In Italy, the most common purchasing groups are gases (solidarity purchasing groups) [17] . Direct sale: marketing method characterized by the direct relationship between consumers and producers. It is opposed to the “long supply chain” [16] While finding difficulties in defining the Afns in Italy, it is possible to notice through different sources of information such as relationships of trade associations and Coldiretti, online portals, consumer associations, texts on critical consumption such as, hand in hand with other countries , the phenomenon of Afns is growing. There is increasingly integration between different subjects, from farmers to cultural and environmental associations, which are combined with the promotion and activation of collective experiences of short supply chain such as “women on the field” (cia, Italian farmers’ confederation), ” Markets of the Earth “(Slowfood),” Campagna Amica “(Coldiretti) and beyond. [15] As for the form of direct sales in the company, alternative food networks have recorded significant growth. [18] It is also necessary to highlight a remarkable fracture between the Central-North of the Peninsula and the Center-South which is in fact absent from the statistics on the presence of Afns. In the face of this data, there seems to be a strong interdependence between the major urban centers and the Afns who is intensifying. [15] There are three main criticisms concerning AFN [2] : question of fusion of the AFN characteristics and between different types of Afn; issues of exclusivity, racism and elitism; Corrosive influence of the capitalist market on activists’ objectives. Other criticisms moved are [19] [20] [21] : ^  ( IN ) The city in the country: Growing alternative food networks in Metropolitan areas , in Journal of Rural Studies , vol. 24, n. 3, 1 July 2008, pp. 231\u2013244, doi: 10.1016\/j.jrurstud.2007.10.002 . URL consulted on May 14, 2021 .  ^  a b  ( IN ) Far Edwards, Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics , Springer Netherlands, 2016,  pp.\u00a01\u20137, DOI: 10,1007\/978-94-007-6167-4_513-1 , ISBN\u00a0978-94-007-6167-4. URL consulted on May 19, 2021 .  ^  ( IN ) Liz Grauerholz e Nicole Owens, International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences , Elsevier, 2015,  pp.\u00a0566\u2013572, DOI: 10.1016\/B978-08-097086-8.64133-8 , ISBN\u00a0978-0-08-097087-5. URL consulted on 12 May 2021 .  ^  a b  ( IN ) Far Edwards, Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics , Springer Netherlands, 2016,  pp.\u00a01\u20137, DOI: 10,1007\/978-94-007-6167-4_513-1 , ISBN\u00a0978-94-007-6167-4. URL consulted on May 6, 2021 .  ^  ( IN ) Michael Goodman, Alternative Food Networks . URL consulted on May 6, 2021 .  ^  ( IN ) Michael Goodman, Alternative Food Networks . URL consulted on May 18, 2021 .  ^  ( IN ) Michael Goodman, Alternative Food Networks . URL consulted on May 14, 2021 .  ^   Our story – Slow Food – good, clean and right. . are Slow Food . URL consulted on May 18, 2021 .  ^  ( IN ) Locavore . are Critical Sustainabilities , 14 July 2014. URL consulted on May 18, 2021 .  ^  ( IN ) Kevin Cody, The Internationalization of Alternative Food Networks: Farmers’ Markets, Community Gardens, and Agricultural Exchange , UC Santa Cruz, 2015. URL consulted on May 14, 2021 .  ^   AFNIA \u2013 Alternative Food Networks: an Interdisciplinary Assessment \u2013 Atlante del Cibo . are atlantedelcibo.it . URL consulted on May 19, 2021 .  ^  ( IN ) Far Edwards, Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics , Springer Netherlands, 2016,  pp.\u00a01\u20137, DOI: 10,1007\/978-94-007-6167-4_513-1 , ISBN\u00a0978-94-007-6167-4. URL consulted on May 14, 2021 .  ^   The short chain: an opportunity for farmers and consumers | Agriregionieuropa . are Agriregionieuropa.univpm.it . URL consulted on May 14, 2021 .  ^   The short chain: an opportunity for farmers and consumers | Agriregionieuropa . are Agriregionieuropa.univpm.it . URL consulted on May 20, 2021 .  ^  a b c   Feed the city. Limits and potential of alternative food networks in the redefinition of city-small relationships . are Iris.unito.it . URL consulted on May 20, 2021 .  ^  a b   Aspects of the debate on the “short chain” | Agriregionieuropa . are Agriregionieuropa.univpm.it . URL consulted on May 20, 2021 .  ^   The producers of alternative agro -food networks – Atlas of food . are atlantedelcibo.it . URL consulted on May 19, 2021 .  ^   Direct sale in Italy | Agriregionieuropa . are Agriregionieuropa.univpm.it . URL consulted on May 20, 2021 .  ^  Barnett, Clive Cloke, Paul Clarke, Nick Malpass, Alice, Consuming ethics: Articulating the subjects and spaces of ethical consumption , OCLC\u00a0 1019530792 . URL consulted on May 20, 2021 .  ^  ( IN ) Branden Born e Mark Purcell, Avoiding the Local Trap: Scale and Food Systems in Planning Research , in Journal of Planning Education and Research , vol. 26, n. 2, 2006-12, pp. 195\u2013207, doi: 10.1177\/0739456×06291389 . URL consulted on May 20, 2021 .  ^  ( IN ) Roberta Sonnino, Escaping the Local Trap: Insights on Re-localization from School Food Reform , in Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning , vol. 12, n. 1, 2010-03, pp. 23\u201340, doi: 10.1080\/15239080903220120 . URL consulted on May 20, 2021 .  Barbour, Karen N., Sustainable dance making: Dancers and choreographers in collaboration, Brolga, 2008 Barnett C, Clarke N, Cloke P, Malpass A., Consuming ethics: articulating the subjects and spaces of ethical consumption, 2004 Born, B., Purcell, M., Avoiding the Local Trap: Scale and Food Systems in Planning Research, Journal of Planning Education and Research, 2006 Motaressa C., Franco S. S. DI Street: Products, consumerce Collections, agrirgygioeuropia, 2008 Drser E., Putilli M., Food the city. Limits and potential of Alternative Food Network in the redefinition of Citt\u00e0-Campagna relationships, Mimesis, 2014 Goodman, D., DuPuis, M., & Goodman, M., Alternative food networks: Knowledge, practice and politics. Abingdon\/Oxon\/New York: Routledge, 2011 Grauerholz, Liz and Owens, Nicole, Alternative food movements, 2015 Renting, H., Marsden, T., & Banks, J., Understanding alternative food networks: Exploring the role of short food supply chains in rural development. Environment and Planning A, 2003 Sonnino, R., Escaping the Local Trap: Insights on Re-localization from School Food Reform, Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 2010 Tregear, A., Progressing knowledge in alternative and local food networks: Critical reflections and a research agenda. Journal of Rural Studies, 2011       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/alternative-food-network-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Alternative Food Network – Wikipedia"}}]}]