[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/anammox-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/anammox-wikipedia\/","headline":"Anammox \u2014 Wikip\u00e9dia","name":"Anammox \u2014 Wikip\u00e9dia","description":"before-content-x4 A wikipedia article, free l’encyclop\u00e9i. after-content-x4 Anaerobic oxidation of ammonium after-content-x4 Bioreactor containing anammox bacteria Stuttgartiensis (Radboud University Nijmegen)","datePublished":"2017-11-28","dateModified":"2017-11-28","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/7f\/Anammox_sbr.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/7f\/Anammox_sbr.jpg","height":"279","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/anammox-wikipedia\/","wordCount":4099,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4A wikipedia article, free l’encyclop\u00e9i.        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Anaerobic oxidation of ammonium         (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Bioreactor containing anammox bacteria Stuttgartiensis (Radboud University Nijmegen)  Lipids C17-C20 of the anammox bacteria type containing three crushed cyclobutane rings with a cyclohexane cycle or five consecutive cyclobutans. The corresponding fatty acids are esterified with methanol or on a glycerol skeleton while ladderanic alcohols are linked via an ether function with glycerol, all in different combinations.  Nitrogen biological cycle (DNRA: dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium ) L\u2019 anaerobic oxidation of ammonium or the ” Anammox [ note 1 ] “Is an important metabolic microbial route of the nitrogen cycle during which the chemical energy of the nitrate no 3 –  et de l\u2019ammonium NH4+ est utilis\u00e9e par certaines bact\u00e9ries pour fixer le dioxyde de carbone. Ces bact\u00e9ries qui r\u00e9alisent ce processus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9es en 1999 et ont constitu\u00e9 \u00e0 l’\u00e9poque une surprise pour la communaut\u00e9 scientifique. Ce type de r\u00e9actions se d\u00e9roule dans de nombreux milieux naturels. Une m\u00e9thode d’\u00e9limination de l’ammonium d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par l’universit\u00e9 de technologie de Delft est \u00e9galement commercialis\u00e9e sous le nom d’anammox.         (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4In the biological process, the NH ammonium cation 4 +  est oxyd\u00e9 par l’anion nitrite NO2\u2212 pour donner du diazote N2. Ce processus contribue \u00e0 hauteur de 50\u00a0% de l’azote produit dans les oc\u00e9ans. C’est donc un important puits d’azote qui limite ainsi la production primaire des oc\u00e9ans. La r\u00e9action globale s’\u00e9crit\u00a0:NH 4 +  + NO2\u2212 \u2192 N2 + 2 H2O.The bacteria that perform the anammox process belong to the bacterial phylum of the planctomycetes, whose best known genres are Planctomyces And Pirenlula . Currently, five kinds of anammox bacteria have been (temporarily) defined: Brocadia , Enjoy , Anammoxoglobus And Jettenia concerning the species of fresh water, as well as Scalindua Regarding marine species. Anammox bacteria are characterized by several remarkable properties. The anammox process was initially observed at temperatures between 20 \u00b0C And 43 \u00b0C [ 4 ] , but it has been observed more recently in hot sources at temperatures between 36 \u00b0C And 52 \u00b0C [ 5 ] and in hydrothermal sources located along the medio-Atlantic ridge at temperatures between 60 \u00b0C And 85 \u00b0C [ 6 ] . The process Anammox Intervenes in the elimination of ammonium in wastewater treatment and consists of two separate processes. The first step is the partial nitrification (nitrosation) of half of the nitrite ammonium by bacteria such as Nitrosomonas : 4 NH 4 +  + 3 O2 \u2192 2 NH4+ + 2 NO2\u2212 + 4 H+ + 2 H2O.Anammox bacteria can then convert NH ammonium 4 +  et le nitrite NO2\u2212 en diazote N2 et environ 15\u00a0% de nitrate NO3\u2212\u00a0:NH 4 +  + NO2\u2212 \u2192 N2 + 2 H2O.The two processes can take place in a single reactor where the two bacteria guilds form compact granules [ 7 ] . The anammox process represents a promising alternative to conventional nitrogen elimination techniques used in treatment plants. It is for this reason that several patents using the properties of the anammox process have already been filed. Unlike the microbial flora present in the steps of biological treatment of a STEP, the bacteria of the genus Brocadia anammoxidans are able to dispense with oxygen and even consume carbon dioxide (greenhouse gas). The costly ventilation of basins can therefore be reduced, thereby reducing treatment costs and CO emissions 2 up to 88%. The development of new processes is based on research work carried out in the 1990s, relating to microbiological activity during the nitrification\/denitrification processes, and in particular on the mechanisms that lead to the availability of nitrogen. The work carried out in Vienna (Nowak und Svardal, 1993; Nowak, 1996), Delft (Van Niel et al., 1993; Van Loosdrecht und Jetten, 1998) and Hanover (Abeling, 1994; Hippen, 1999) deserve to be here to be cited. These discoveries have found their application in Rotterdam since the beginning of 2006. In Germany, the anammox processes have been applied in 2000 in different treatment plants, which is still limited to the treatment of part of the effluents (for example sludge liquor) . Until now, various systems have been available on the market for this particular application. In the years to come, the multiplication of experiences in life-size facilities will demonstrate to what extent the technical and economic requirements for the operation of a STEP are served. The application of the anammox process to all pre-treated waters has only been the subject of a single application in Austria, within the rhinestone treatment plant (Val de Ziller). Interest here also lies in reducing oxygenation needs and avoidance of CO emissions 2 . The challenge to be met in this case is to bring together the ideal conditions for the growth of anammox bacteria (such as the temperatures of treated water, the age of sludge, etc.). Nitrification\/denitrification (steps transformation of ammonia into nitrites and then into nitrates then into atmospheric nitrogen through bacteriological activity in anoxic conditions) has long been considered the only source of liberation from the nitrogen of the air. The discovery of the oxidation of ammonium by anaerobic bacteria therefore has large consequences on the scientific understanding of the nitrogen cycle. The anammox process gives a new dimension to the nitrogen cycle in the oceans. \u2191 Abbreviation of an aerobic amm onium ox idation ” in English.  \u2191  (in)  Landa A. “John. Ret will for, Jaap Saint the Dam\u00e9, Jamel, Miker Pl.G. Jains it march , ‘ The anammoxosome: an intracytoplasmic compartment in anammox bacteria \u00bb , FEMS Microbiology Letters , vol. 233, n O 1, first is April 2004 , p. 7-13 ( read online )  DOI\u00a0 10.1016\/J.Femsle. 2004.01.044  \u2191  (in)  Jaap S. Sinninghe Damst\u00e9, Marc Strous, W. Irene C. Rijpstra, Ellen C. Hopmans, Jan A. J. Geenevasen, Adri C. T. van Duin, Laura A. van Niftrik et Mike S. M. Jetten , ‘ Linearly concatenated cyclobutane lipids form a dense bacterial membrane \u00bb , Nature , vol. 419, October 17, 2002 , p. 708-712 ( read online )  DOI\u00a0 10.1038\/nature01128  PMID 12384695  \u2191  (in)  Vincent Mascitti and E. J. Corey , ‘ Enantioselective Synthesis of Pentacycloanammoxic Acid \u00bb , Journal of the American Chemical Society , vol. 128, n O 10, 2006 , p. 3118-3119 ( read online )  DOI\u00a0 10.1021\/ja058370g  PMID 16522072  \u2191  (in)  Marc Strous, J. Gijs Kuenen et Mike S. M. Jetten , ‘ Key Physiology of Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation \u00bb , Applied and Environmental Microbiology , vol. 65, n O 7, July 1999 , p. 3248\u20133250 ( read online )  \u2191  (in)  A. Jaeschke, J. J. OP DEN CAMP, H. Harhangi, et al. , ‘ 16S rRNA gene and lipid biomarker evidence for anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (anammox) in California and Nevada hot springs \u00bb , FEMS Microbiology Ecology , vol. sixty seven, n O 3, mars 2009 , p. 343-350 ( read online )  \u2191  (in)  Nathal Jedilen, Marc DIFFARLY, Frankin Greeau, BRAAN CAREN, Mishelburg, called GiFroy, diversa Chiefia’s dice, Daniefia , ‘ Presence and activity of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria at deep-sea hydrothermal vents \u00bb , The ISME journal (Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology) , vol. 3, n O 1, January 2009 , p. 117-123 ( read online )  DOI\u00a0 10.1038\/ismej.2008.72  \u2191  (in)  B. Kartal, J. G. Kuenen et M. C. M. van Loosdrecht , ‘ Sewage Treatment with Anammox \u00bb , Science , vol. 328, n O 5979, May 7, 2010 , p. 702-703 ( read online )  DOI\u00a0 10.1126\/science.1185941  Related articles [ modifier | Modifier and code ] On other Wikimedia projects: Bibliography [ modifier | Modifier and code ]        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/anammox-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Anammox \u2014 Wikip\u00e9dia"}}]}]