Angelo Mosso – Wikipedia

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Angelo Rosa (Turin, 30 May 1846 – Turin, 24 November 1910) was an Italian doctor and physiologist and archaeologist.

Childhood and youth [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ]

Angelo Mosso was born in Turin on May 30, 1846. His was a worker family of Chieri, a city in which he was brought a few days after birth. He passed to Chieri childhood and youth, and as a boy he helped his father in blacksmith’s work, which made him acquire a significant manual skill and the passion for the construction of mechanical tools, which will be useful in the future in exercising the profession of doctor. Throughout the period of childhood and youth he had to live with poverty and material deprivation, and this strengthened his soul and infused in him the idea of ​​a life made of struggle and sacrifices [first] .

In Chieri he attended gymnasium, even if he was not a model student, in fact he was expelled from the class and subsequently readmitted only thanks to the imploring solicitations of the mother [2] In November 1864, after having failed in a competition for a place at the College of Provinces [3] , enrolled in the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Turin thanks to the economic efforts of the father. During his university studies, he attracted the attention of professors Filippo De Filippi and Giuseppe Giacinto Moris, with the help of which he was in charge of the teaching of natural sciences in the high school of Chieri [4] . When he attended the fifth year of university he received the order to leave as a soldier. He started from despair for the abandonment of studies, but his distance lasted little as the decree was revoked [5] .

Experimental research [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ]

He graduated in Medicine in Turin in 1870 obtaining maximum votes after having presented a thesis on the growth of the bone tissue, which was highly appreciated and judged worthy of printing [4] . He carried out the medical profession, as medical officer, in Florence, Naples, Salerno and Messina.

In 1871 the research activity began at the Florence Fisiology Laboratory directed by Moritz Schiff: here he performed his first experimental research, among which we remember in particular those on the movements of the esophagus. In 1873, won the improvement prize abroad, he went to Leipzig where he was a pupil of the physiologist Carl Ludwig, therefore learning the technique of the graphic method for the dynamic study of the physiological phenomena that allowed him three years later, the development first blood pressure meter properly said. In the rough German city he earned a lot of esteem that he was offered the place of assistant by two institutes of physiology, but he refused in both cases [6] . Before returning to Italy he stayed for a few months in Paris and continued his studies with Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke, Emil du Bois-Reymond, Claude Bernard and above all Étienne-Jules Marey of whom he became a fraternal friend [7] .

Back home, he assiduously attended the Institute of Physiology of Turin. In 1875 he was appointed professor of Pharmacology and in 1879, at the age of 33, he succeeded Jacob Moleschott at the chair of physiology, of which he was director for 25 years. In that same year, the National Academy of Lincei decreed the Royal Award for the work On the circulation of blood in the brain of man and three years later the move was appointed national partner of the same [8] . During the period in which he directed the Institute of Physiology of Turin, there was a period of great splendor for Italian biology and physiology, in fact, around the move they gathered the best researchers from all Italian regions [9] . He continued his research and published many of his most important works over the course of these years, including Fear (1884), Fatigue (1891) and The man on the Alps (1897). [ten]

The last few years and archeology [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ]

The tomb in which Angelo moved in the monumental cemetery of Turin is buried.

He was appointed Senator in 1904, the same year in which he was hit by a serious spinal disease that marked the last years of life. The doctors advise to move away from the workshops and libraries (in which most of the time passed, immersed in reading) and to rest to delay the possible progress of the disease. He adapted the advice in his own way, that is, by changing work, given that for him the idleness was worse than the disease: between 1904 and 1907 he then dedicated himself to archeology. He performed archaeological research in Crete also trying to quantify the anthropometric data of the finds [11] . He also participated in numerous excavation campaigns in southern Italy: in Sicily, in Calabria, Tarquinia and Puglia. Here, on August 6, 1909 he discovered with Francesco Samarelli and Michele Gervasio the Dolmen of Chianca. He died on November 24, 1910, after a few days earlier he had been caught by a malaise that later became the dorsal tabe, stopping firmly the atrocious suffering, as he had done for a lifetime.

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Among the numerous research by Angelo Mosso, there are mainly those on fear [twelfth] , at work and muscle effort [13] on the altitude [14] . Studies on cerebral blood circulation in humans should not be forgotten [15] , thanks to which he won the Reale of Lincei prize in 1879. Analyzed the different pulsatory, positive or negative oscillations, dependent on the contraction of the heart [16] . The research on the genesis and metamorphosis of the corpuscles of the blood was less happy, in which he supported ideas that were not then confirmed by the subsequent investigations, but were still useful to give birth to a revision movement of the doctrines of the hemopoiesis [17] .

He studied breathing and in the volume Physiology of man in the Alps He collected his research on the benefits of mountain air for the human body after the experience gained thanks to the ascension to Monte Rosa [18] . During his trips abroad, he learned of the need to make known to foreigners what was done in Italy for biological research, and therefore the publication of the Italian biology archives For many years, a good means of making Italian biological production known abroad. Thanks to his idea, which he presented to the 5th International Congress of Physiologists (held in Turin in 1901), were built on the Col d’Olen at 3000 meters high, i Scientific workshops Angelo Mosso , solemnly inaugurated in 1907. Angelo Mosso is also considered a pioneer in the context of neuroscience. In the eighties of the nineteenth century he invented the first functional neuroimaging technique of history, known as the ‘Libra of human circulation’. [19] This tool was able to measure blood redistribution during emotional and intellectual activity in a non -invasive way. [20] The manuscript that describes the first expressions made with the ‘Libra of human circulation’ was rediscovered by Stefano Sandrone and colleagues in 2013. [20]

The reform of physical education [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ]

The success of his publications pushed the move to a new goal, to instill the will to improve physically in the Italians. In his writings Physical education of youth It is Gymnastics Reform It lashes out against the systems in which you think of nothing but the brain [21] . According to Mosso, the man must form whole whole, physically, morally and intellectually, and to do this the ideal would have been a return to the Greek-Roman tradition of Pentathlon and the open air gymnastic games, capable of strengthening youth having fun. His ideas rewritten many consensus and as many skepticisms, but after having fought with perseverance for this purpose, involving government men and scientists, he obtained a reform that provided for the introduction of physical education in schools [22] .

He was president of the Turin Gymnastics Society from 1896 to death. [23]

Work tools [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ]

The ergographer built and used by Mosso for his studies, now preserved in the Academy of Medicine of Turin.

Angelo Mosso, with the help of his assistants, invented and built the tools used in his research by himself. Among these we remember the loser, to detect blood pressure, the bridge, which allowed him to draw the curve with which the nervous effort is growing according to the effort, the ergographer, with whom he obtained the graphic representation of the course of the fatigue of the muscles Flexors of the hand, the myotonometer to detect variations of muscle tonicity, the hydrosphigmographer and the pletestographer [24] . By replacing the cylinder with the right shape, which in the pletestographer welcomes the forearm, obtained appliances for the study of the vasal movements of the hand, leg and foot [24] .

Thanks to the discovery in the archives of the royal academy of the Lincei of unpublished manuscripts in which it moved, it describes its experiments on the relationship between blood circulation and brain activity through a particular tilting table, has led the scientific community to consider this tool a precursor of modern functional neuroimaging technologies. [25]

Volumes [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ]

  • Angelo moved, Fear , Milano, Treves, 1884.
  • Angelo moved, Fatigue , Milano, Treves, 1891.
  • Angelo moved, Physical education of youth , Milano, Treves, 1893.
  • Angelo moved, Intellectual and physical fatigue , Paris, Alcan, 1894.
  • Angelo moved, The temperature in the brain , Milano, Treves, 1894.
  • Angelo moved, Physiology of man in the Alps , Milano, Treves, 1894.
  • Angelo moved, Life of Men on the High Alps , London, Fisher Unwin, 1898.
  • Angelo moved, The resemblance of mountain pain with carbon oxide poisoning , Milano, Treves, 1900.
  • Angelo moved, A sound mind in a sound body , Milano, Treves, 1903.
  • Angelo moved, Modern life of Italians , Milano, Treves, 1905.
  • Angelo moved, Excursions in the Mediterranean and the excavations of Crete , Milano, Treves, 1907.
  • Angelo moved, Fatigue , Florence, Giunti, 2001.

Articles in magazines [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ]

  • Moved, a, Brain irritation for anemia , in The experimental , vol. 30, 1872, pp. 358-368.
  • Moved, a, Introduction to a series of experiences on brain movements in man , in Medical Science Archive , vol. 13, 1876, pp. 245-278.
  • Moved, a, On the local variations of the wrist in the antibacium of man , in Real acca ski turin , vol. 13, 1877, pp. 34-78.
  • Moved, a, On the circulation of blood in the brain of man , in Mem Real Accu Lincei , vol. 5, 1880, pp. 237-358.
  • Moved, a, Application of scales to the study of blood circulation in humans , in Real Acc Sci orino , vol. 17, 1883, pp. 534-535.
  • Moved, a, Luxury breathing periodic breathing , in Real Acca Lincei , vol. 4, 1884, pp. 457-519.
  • Moved, a, Man breathing on the upper mountains , in Real acca ski turin , vol. 4, 1884, pp. 1-10.
  • Moved, a, The laws of fatigue studied in the muscles of man , in Arch Ital Biol , vol. 13, 1889, pp. 123-86.
  • Moved, a, Carl Ludwig , in New anthology of science , vol. 56, 1895, pp. 667-677.
  • Moved, a, Description of a mytonometer to study the tone of the muscles in humans , in Real acca ski turin , vol. 120, 1896, pp. 1805-1806.
  • Moved, a, Description of a myotonometer to ètudel the tone of the muscles in humans , in Italian biology archiv , vol. 25, 1896, pp. 349-384.
  • Moved, a, The Acapnia produced in humans with a decreased barometric pressure , in Real Acca Lincei , vol. 1, 1903, pp. 453-459.
  • Moved, a, Muscle tone theory based on the double innervation of the striated muscles , in Real Acca Lincei , vol. 13, 1905, pp. 174-180.
  • Moved, a, Carbon dioxide as a mountain pain remedy , in Real Acca Lincei , vol. 14, 1905, pp. 308-316.
  • Moved, a, Periodic breathing , in Real acca ski turin , vol. 55, 1905, pp. 27-68.

He was a partner of numerous academies in Italy and abroad, including:

  1. ^ Various authors, Angelo Mosso, his life and his works. In memory, Treves, Milan 1912, pp.38-39
  2. ^ ibi, p.76
  3. ^ ibi, p.39
  4. ^ a b ibi, p.77
  5. ^ ibi, p.41
  6. ^ IBI, P42
  7. ^ ibi, p.81
  8. ^ ibi, p.44
  9. ^ ibi, p.85
  10. ^ ibi, p.86
  11. ^ Excursions in the Mediterranean and the excavations of Crete , 1907
  12. ^ Fear , 1883
  13. ^ Fatigue , 1891
  14. ^ Physiology of man in the Alps , 1897
  15. ^ Various authors, Angelo Mosso, his life and his works. In memory, Treves, Milan 1912, p.18
  16. ^ ibi, p.18
  17. ^ live, pp.18-19
  18. ^ Ibi, p.19
  19. ^ Sandrone, Angelo Rosa , in Journal of Neurology , vol. 259, 2012, pp. 2513–2514, two: 10.1007/s00415-012-6632-1 , PMID  23010944 .
  20. ^ a b Sandrone, Weighing brain activity with the balance: Angelo Mosso’s original manuscripts come to light , in Brain , vol. 137, 2014, pp. 621–633, two: 10.1093/brain/awt091 , PMID  23687118 .
  21. ^ ibi, p.52
  22. ^ ibi, p.53
  23. ^ Angelo Rosa . are Realeginnastica.it . URL consulted on March 2, 2017 (archived by URL Original on March 3, 2017) .
  24. ^ a b ibi, p.62
  25. ^ ( IN ) Stefano Sandrone, Marco Bacigaluppi and Marco R. Galloni, Weighing brain activity with the balance: Angelo Mosso’s original manuscripts come to light , in Brain , vol. 137, n. 2, 1 February 2014, pp. 621–633, doi: 10.1093/brain/awt091 . URL consulted on March 5, 2016 .
  • Angelo moved, Fear . are ISSUU.com , Milano, Treves, 1884. URL consulted on January 25, 2018 . Online full reproduction of the Mosso monograph by the website of the Academy of Medicine of Turin.
  • Angelo moved, Fatigue . are ISSUU.com , Milano, Treves, 1891. URL consulted on January 25, 2018 . Online full reproduction of the Mosso monograph by the website of the Academy of Medicine of Turin.
  • Angelo Rosa , in magazine of the Italian Alpine Club, vol. XXX n. 3, March 1911, p. 80-82.

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