Annunciades convent – Wikipedia

The old Annunciades convent , one of the only cloisters of the Renaissance still kept in Aquitaine is located 54 rue Magendie in Bordeaux. It was founded in 1520 ^{[ first ]} By Jacquette Andron de Lansac, according to the rule set by Jeanne de France (1464-1505), for nuns of the Albi convent.

The convent chapel was classified as historic monuments the October 15, 1974 ; the entrance portal and the cloister are also registered the October 15, 1974 and various walls were registered on May 31, 2001 ^{[ first ]} .

From 1995, the services of the Regional Directorate of Cultural Affairs (D.R.A.C.) of Aquitaine settled in the building, 54 rue Magendie, Bordeaux.

• The Sisters of the Annunciad ( Order of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary ) form a Catholic religious congregation of contemplatives founded in Bourges (Cher) in 1501 by Sainte Jeanne de Valois, daughter of Louis XI and Charlotte de Savoie, married to Louis XII. The second house of order was founded in Albi.
• In 1519 the third house of the Order was founded in Bordeaux by Jacquette de Lansac ^{[ Note 1 ]} . For this purpose, she brought seven nuns from the Advertisement of the Annunciade of the City of Albi in Languedoc, accompanied by a businessman, Marc-Antoine de Serris, thus making the connection between the nuns and the Exterior, merchant with masons and carpenters when building the convent.

The founder had to give major funds to diligen the site. She was helped by a donation ^{[ 4 ]} by Pierre Eyquem de Montaigne, father of Michel de Montaigne.

The November 26, 1519 it establishes a contract ^{[ 5 ]} With the master-key mathurin Galoppin ^{[ Note 2 ]} for the construction of the chapel. The contract with the carpenter for the coverage of the chapel dates from the November 19, 1520 .

The blessing took place on July 30, 1521 ^{[ 6 ]} .

Having become a widow in 1522, Madame de Lansac remarried with Jacques de Pons ^{[ Note 3 ]} , Lord of Mirambeau, and had the chapel built at his expense. She manifests in her will her desire to be buried there and asks her heirs to complete the construction of the building.

• The second work campaign begins with the contract ^{[ 7 ]} of February 8, 1525 Or the master-mason Guillaume Médion promised to vote the apse, the two chapels, to establish altars and to equip the mullion windows.
• After the death of Jacquette in 1532, her husband and the prior of the convent pass a contract with Mathurin Galoppin to: cut nine stone badges in Tailleborg to form a funeral liter outside the chapel; Build a tomb and whiten and coat the walls of the chapel. Unfortunately, the wars of religion disturb the implementation of this contract and the life of the convent.

Several sisters have converted to Protestantism and leave the convent; Jacques de Pons and two of his sons also converted. The heirs of Jacquette de Lansac do not pay the annuities due to the nuns of the convent that Jacquette undertook to do in 1520. After several appeals to the Parliament of Bordeaux in 1546, 1547 and 1549 The problem was resolved in 1559. So, he It is not certain that neither the liter, nor that the tomb were finished in 1559. The tomb of Jacquette de Lansac was never installed in the chapel.

• In 1575, the nuns of the Order of the Poor Ladies (the Clarisses), exiled to the Saint-André hospital since the demolition of their monastery, joined the Annunciades, because it is the only convent of women in the city of Bordeaux .
• In 1604, after a notorious relaxation of the rule and various scandals, the closing of the Annunciade convent was imposed by Cardinal de Sourdis. It was definitively deleted in 1792.
• In 1792, following the Revolution, the Annunciades were driven out of their convent and ecclesiastical goods were made available to the nation. Buildings will be used as salpêtrière.
• In 1808 the building was bought by the community of Mercy, founded by Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte de Lamourous (1754-1836) and became the Mercy Maison , which welcomed the “repentant sinks” that is to say former prostitutes or “mothers-mothers”. We host up to more than four hundred residents.
• Sold in 1971, buildings are used by the Ministry of Justice, either as archive deposit, or to house the headquarters of various jurisdictions.
• Since 1974, the chapel, the cloister and the surrounding wall of the old convent have been protected as a historic monuments.
• In 1995 the services of the Regional Directorate of Cultural Affairs of Aquitaine settled there.

The Annunciad convent has been built and decorated in the style of the Renaissance, it presents a unit that contemporary restorations have preserved.

We access the building, 54 rue Magendie, by a monumental portal of half-moon plan, which dates from 1774. This portal is crowned with a curved pediment in which a niche sheltering a virgin and child, sculpted by Aymon Estensan.

The chapel [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Once the surrounding wall has been crossed, access to the chapel was done through a door to the west which opened like a triumphal arch in the part of the chapel built in 1613; It was walled in 1673 by the master mason Jacques Roumillac, who opens, more to the east, a new door with a highly high triangular pediment.

The construction of the chapel, undertaken in 1520, ends with the apse; The structural work was surely finished when Jeanne de Lansac died in 1532. The nun choir was enlarged to the west in 1613, then to the east in 1680.

• The side chapels open with left -handed arcs. The carved consoles supporting the ribs represent the symbols of the evangelists (tetramorph).
• In 1547 wooden bars closed these chapels as well as the choir of the nuns.
• In the chapel there are vault keys bearing the coat of arms of the Lansac family, Gelais and Pons. In 1532, Jacques de Pons, second husband of Jacquette de Lansac, commands Mathurin Galoppin to Mathurin Galloppin, five of which are visible on the outside of the chapel, to form a funeral liter ^{[ 3 ]} .
• The former altar of La Chapelle has been found since 1867 in the church of Saint-Rémy de Saint-Rémy-sur-Lidoire in Dordogne.

The apse of the chapel [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

At the bedside, the berries occupy the largest surface of the walls released by the warheads. Sober slopes constitute the foothills that rise to the top of the windows. A teeter spreads the rainwater from the bottom of the windows and on the buttresses.

Three large windows light the apse with three sides. Current stained glass develops XIX ^{It is} century. They evoke the parable of the good pastor, a view of Jerusalem and the figure of Jeanne de France in religious clothes.

The Choir of Nuns [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

By the Haute du Cloître gallery or by a screw staircase located north of the nave, we reach the choir of the nuns, built on a vault, which was originally covered by a steep roof of slates.

The jam of Christ [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Today in Bordeaux, there are only three sculptures representing the jam of Christ:

• At the Aquitaine Museum, coming from the Saint-Éloi church.
• At the Saint-Michel church, above the altar of the chapel of the sepulcher, but which is rather a deploration of the dead Christ, the corpse placed on the knees of the Virgin will be removed by Joseph d’Arimathe and Nicodeme . The sculpture dates from 1493 and was commanded by the Lord Ferron, Sire de Carbonnieux.
• The grave of the Annunciades convent dates from 1526-1530 and was given, most likely, by the founder of the convent. It is a classic representation with seven characters.

We can make a connection with the sculpture of the convent and that which was formerly at the Château de Biron in Dordogne and which is currently at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Biron’s sculpture was ordered by Pons de Gontaut, lord of Biron, around 1515. Except for the position of Saint-Jean, the composition is identical in the two stakes; Some characters’ gestures are reproduced without change. There were family relations between the Gontaud and the Bordeaux, which may explain that Pons de Gontaud had the tomb executed by a Bordeaux sculptor, who, a few years later, sculpted the same theme for the convent of Announced.

Les Ass-de-lamp, consoles and keystones [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Cherubs and angels

The cul-de-lamp of the apse are all decorated, either with cherubs or angels, or a plant decor.

The tetramorphic

The consoles which support the arcs of the two side chapels are decorated with the symbols of the tetramorph: the lion of Saint Marc and the bull of Saint Luke in the north and, to the south, the eagle of Saint John and the man of Saint Mathieu.

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  The lion (St Marc)

• 

  The Taurus (St Luc)

• 

  The eagle (St Jean)

• 

  Man (St Mathieu)

Vault keys

The oldest keystone dates from 1520 and is in the choir of nuns. She wears a coat of arms that mixes the coat of arms of the Lansac family and the Saint Gelais family. The keystone which is in the apse dates from 1526 and carries a coat of arms which mixes the coat of arms of the Lansac family and the family of Pons ^{[ 3 ]} .

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  1520 key

• 

  1525 key

High galleries [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

From the outset, these four galleries were attached to stages buildings dating from the time of the first works. This architectural ensemble has therefore been partitioned in the last four centuries. To the north and east, windows covered with arches in basket handle light up the high galleries. To the south and west, the galleries were undoubtedly reworked at the XIX ^{It is} Century, the size stone walls replacing wooden sections. The roofs were redone to give the high parties of the whole a unit that they had probably never known.

The cloister [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The cloister is a rectangle whose long sides have eight arcades, while the small sides have only six.

The opening of each of these arcades is made up of a square surmounted by a semicircle. With the exception of those of the corner pillars, the thirty-two capitals of the cloister are decorated on their four faces. Unfortunately the stones are quite eroded, but we can always distinguish original representations. The sculptors were inspired by the Romanesque style of the churches of the Bordeaux region, notably the interwarmer, but they are pale copies.

We find :

• Vegetable decorations,
• Fantastic Beasts such as Dragons and Bi-Corpored Lions,
• Devils Tentators.

In the center of the cloister of the cloister we see a hexagonal base, found during the excavations in 1991, which corresponds to the support of a cross, now disappeared, placed in the center of the cloister in 1522.

The courtyard also houses a work that was produced in 1995 by the British sculptor Julian Opie. It consists of five small limestone stone buildings inspired by the collective architecture of the suburbs of a large city in the sixties, also recalling, by their shape, the sepulcres and tombs found in the Middle Ages inside cloisters.

The Annunciad Convent was bought in 1808 by the Institute of Mercy, founded by Marie-Thérèse de Lamourous ^{[ ten ] , [ 11 ]} , who devotes his fortune to it and his life. Emperor Napoleon I ^is , passing through Bordeaux, is requested by M ^lle de Lamourous and the R.P. Chaminade to help the convent development. He accepts and the project starts.

This house in mercy is intended to welcome and serve as refuge for repentant women, also called repentant sinks. The Maison de la Miséricorde receives for free all the prostitutes and young repentable women who return to virtue, and hosts there at XIX ^{It is} century up to more than three hundred boarders. These voluntarily enter the establishment and they can all leave it freely.

The community is established at the convent with eighty girls. They are divided into eight divisions in separate workshops, where from morning to evening, they take care of different works: seam, laundering, ironing … These works are only interrupted by a few exercises of piety, songs , meals and by short moments of recreation. Penitents, if their repentance is sincere, they must submit to the house regime, which is softened by the maternal goodness of the nuns. The administration is exercised by the managing ladies and all the service is carried out by the penitents. The resources of the house come from the product of the work of residents and the donations of charity.

The House of Mercy continues this welcome until 1965. The nuns left the convent and the boarders were supported by the appropriate social services. Since then, some nuns in mercy have installed a reception center at Pian-Médoc (in Gironde), the hermitage, in an old property in Lamourous, and others continue their mission in a prison environment. The buildings were then closed and, from 1971, used as a deposit of the judicial archives

During the 1970s, the Ministry of Cultural Affairs, seeking to bring together all of its regional services in Bordeaux, estimates that the former advertising convent, located in the city center and offering 3,000 m ² of offices, could perfectly suit this use.

Before the transformation of the former advertisement of the Annunciade into headquarters of the Regional Directorate of Cultural Affairs of Aquitaine, an archaeological excavation of rescue, funded by the City of Bordeaux, is organized in May and June 1991 , managed by Marie-Agnès Gaidon-Bunuel, municipal archaeologist ^{[ twelfth ]} .

This intervention focused on three spaces: the cloister (trenches), the land located south of the cloister (excavation in an open area) and the chapel (polls).

In the two trenches the elements of roofs collected testify to three construction campaigns, slates around 1520, hooks tiles a century later and channel tiles around 1673.

In the southern field, some vestiges of the kitchens, the refectory and amenities were found, which we only knew by the archives. Traces of cupboards make it possible to identify an area used to storage food; To the south were a large fireplace and a low sink, whose waters were evacuated by a stone channel along the outside southern wall.

The pits-depot tracts searched in the cloister garden provided a rich dishes (pottery, earthenware and porcelain).

From 1989 to 1995 the renovation and transformation of the old convent as well as contemporary architectural creation were due to the Bordeaux firm Broochet-Lajus-Pueyo.

The new constructions have metal, glass and wood materials that harmonize with old materials. The old chapel was transformed into a conference room. From the outside, only the contemporary roof emerges.

• Procession in the use of the Religious Ladies of the Annunciade in Bordeaux , Bordeaux, 1740 ( read online )
• Patrick Faucher, ” The Bordeaux Annunciades Convent: from the Children’s Tribunal to the Regional Directorate of Cultural Affairs », Feast , vol. 16, 1995 , p. 74-79 (ISSN  1143-676X ) .
• Marie-Hélène Maffre and Claude Laroche, The Annunciage Convent in Bordeaux , Feast, coll. “Heritage routes”, 2005 , 16 p. (ISBN  978-2915262070 ) .
• M. Berries, The Bordeaux Viographer: Historical Review of Monuments de Bordeaux , Bordeaux, Gazay, 1844 , 400 p. ( read online ) (pages 330-336).
• Paul Roudié, The artistic activity in Bordeaux, in Bordeaux and Bazadais from 1453 to 1550 , vol. I and II, Bordeaux, Presses Universitaires de Bordeaux, 1975 , flight. And 608 p. He wants you. II 128 (ISBN  978-2867811128 ) .

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