[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/armistice-of-vignale-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/armistice-of-vignale-wikipedia\/","headline":"Armistice of Vignale – Wikipedia","name":"Armistice of Vignale – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 L’ Armistice of Vignale He was signed at the locality of the same name on March 24, 1849, between","datePublished":"2021-11-26","dateModified":"2021-11-26","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6e\/Radetzky-von-radetz.jpg\/220px-Radetzky-von-radetz.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6e\/Radetzky-von-radetz.jpg\/220px-Radetzky-von-radetz.jpg","height":"296","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/armistice-of-vignale-wikipedia\/","wordCount":2731,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4L’ Armistice of Vignale He was signed at the locality of the same name on March 24, 1849, between the king of Sardinia Vittorio Emanuele II and the Austrian marshal Josef Radetzky.        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4The armistice was signed the day after the battle of Novara (or battle of the Bicocca), which marked the end of the first Italian war of independence and entailed the abdication of the king of Sardinia Carlo Alberto in favor of his son. The armistice imposed the withdrawal of the Sardinian fleet from the Adriatic and the temporary Austrian occupation of the square of Alessandria and the strategic quadrilateral between Lomellina and Monferrato. [first] The Austrian occupation ceased by virtue of the subsequent peace of Milan, of 6 August 1849, which however imposed on Piedmont conditions such as to induce the Chamber to refuse to ratify it. The king then loosened it and stood up new elections, appealing directly to the electorate with the proclamation of Moncalieri (November 20, 1849), so that a majority favorable to peace appears.        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Josef Radetzky On the evening of 23 March Carlo Alberto received from his emissary the list of harsh conditions set by Radetzky for a peace agreement, which included the occupation of a part of the Piedmontese territory (Alessandria and the area between Ticino and Sesia) . In addition, the Austrian marshal made it clear that he did not trust the Word of the King and therefore he would have claimed to take his son Vittorio Emanuele as hostage, at the Duke time of Savoy, and granted a respite to six -hour fighting. Carlo Alberto, judging that he could not negotiate better conditions, and after his generals had declared the impossibility of a folding of the army in Alexandria, he decided to abdicate believing that the Austrian marshal would have reduced the requests by treating with his son Vittorio Emanuele II II : The change of reigning removed from the “dispute the poisonous character lent them from the events of the events of Carlo Alberto and the Cabinet of Vienna, facilitated the way of coming to an agreement.” [2] . Vittorio Emanuele II, first he contacted the Austrian General, deployed in front of him, informing him that he did not approve his father’s decision to move war, but who however still had 50,000 men to take in battle, thus causing the temporary stiffening of Radetzky who nevertheless accepted Meet Vittorio Emanuele at half past four in the morning, about an hour before the expiry of the truce. Vittorio Emanuele, mounted on horseback, went to the Austrian quarter, placed in a farmhouse in Vignale where the negotiations took place directly between the king and the marshal, both standing in the presence of the Austrian general Hess [3] .        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4The armistice, signed on the evening of March 24, was indefinitely and provided for its breakdown an eight -day notice. The peace conditions discussed in the interviews if on the one hand involved the amnesty for the Lombard-Veneti emigrants on the other they imposed the Austrian employment of the fortress of Alexandria, the maintenance of the troops for the garrison and 200 million as the allowance to the Kingdom of Sardinia. of war. Massimo D’Azeglio Vittorio Emanuele tried to oppose by warning the Austrians of the negative repercussions on the internal order of his kingdom caused by these clauses. In fact, the sovereign had to clash with the Democratic Party of Parliament who refused to ratify the treaty that affected national sentiment and Piedmontese love. Despite the intervention of Queen Maria Adelaide of Habsburg-Lorena who wrote the emperor Francesco Giuseppe to the cousin asking for a more indulgent attitude, Austria proceeded to the occupation of Alexandria. Vittorio Emanuele then interrupted the negotiations, asked for the diplomatic support of France and England and at the same time appointed President of the Council Massimo D’Azeglio (7 May 1849), known for his national and patriotic feelings. Austria to avoid negative international repercussions ceded: I will clear Alexandria and resumed the talks for peace, reducing the war allowances to 75 million (Treaty of Milan of 6 August) and amnestying the Lombard-Venetian emigrants (proclaims Radetzky on 12 August) . On August 20, King signed the treaty without the approval of the rooms. The Chamber of Deputies that had remained in the majority democratic then began a policy of obstructionism against the approval of the treaty. Massimo D’Azeglio after months of parliamentary struggle tried to avoid an act of strength and to remain within the constitutional system “believing that a coup d’\u00e9tat would have been fatal to the monarchy and the country and would have opened the emergence to the flu or to the intervention of Austria. ” On the other hand, the opposition continued in its obstructionist action “but by voting the laws strictly necessary for the government action […] removed any pretext for a coup. The king did not hide his resentment towards the party, which, after dragging his father to Novara and brought the country on the edge of the abyss, tended to perpetuate an agitation that the true generality of the country tried again; But the Azeglio advised him to be patient ” [4] As long as they decided to risk: he melted the room again by the king who with the second proclamation of Moncalieri on 20 November turned to the voters of the Kingdom of Sardinia to bring a majority in favor of the ratification of the Treaty to Parliament. The elections sent to the Chamber a majority of moderate deputies who approved the Treaty with Austria on January 5, 1850. A victory for the king who saved the constitutional regime and the possibility of being driving the Italian national mission. “So V. E. has since become, in front of the Italians, the” king Galantuomo “: it was Massimo D’Azeglio who invented the term, to cure its diffusion in letters, conversations, in speeches … the idea of \u200b\u200bthe” king Galantuomo “It had to be the basis of the great mission, which the story pointed to the house of Savoy … [5] [6] \u00bb After the defeat of Custoza and the abdication of Carlo Alberto, the version that Vittorio Emanuele II in the talks held to negotiate the armistice, animated by patriotic feelings and for the defense of constitutional freedoms, would have opposed the requests of Radetzky to abolish The Albertine Statute. This detention attitude earned him the title of “King Galantuomo”. Vittorio Emanuele II in a portrait of F. Perrini of 1851 According to a different historiography that belongs to Denis Mack Smith, a critic towards the Savoy house [7] and in particular towards Vittorio Emanuele II [8] , the Austrian General mitigated the clauses of the Treaty in order not to put the young king in difficulty and, mainly maintaining the statute in life, indeed give him the possibility of opposing the radical requests of the Democrats still present in the subalpine parliament, that is, those who had wanted and obtained by Carlo Alberto the resumption of the war after the defeat of the first battle of Custoza. In this way Vittorio Emanuele could have conducted a moderate and conservative policy in the form of formal respect of the statute. \u00abHis first act of sovereign was to negotiate the armistice with Marshal Radetzsky … When the Austrian archives were examined much later, some relationships were discovered then by Radetzky then [9] , from Baron von Metzburg and Baron d’Astre, who will provide a very different picture from what Vittorio Emanuele had tried to credit … According to the version then welcomed the firmness of the new king in the negotiations for the armistice of Vignale To save the Piedmontese Statute that Radetzky had hoped to abbuer him. But this version now proves to be a falsification of the facts: the Austrians had themselves a constitutional government and Radeztky did not try at all to force the Piedmontese to renounce the statute. [The Austrians were generous in the conditions of peace] In order not to throw Vittorio Emanuele in the arms of France or revolutionaries … they had above all need to support the king against the radicals in Parliament … far from defending the statute Vittorio Emanuele assured Privately his former enemy that he was determined to crush the liberal current of the Turin Parliament. [ten] \u00bb On the same interpretative line, Indro Montanelli writes: \u00abAlso of this meeting [11] The Risorgimento legend became impatronate, and this time at the entirely expensive truth. It was said that Marshal even offered a piece of Lombardy to the young sovereign as long as he abolished the tricolor constitution and flag and that Vittorio Emanuele refused disdainfully. Hence the myth of the “king Galantuomo” began. But the facts took place in a completely different way. The king embraced and kissed the marshal who had come to meet him. ‘He was agitated, he had a long beard and a little royal demeanor,’ noted an Austrian officer present at the scene … the king said he was well determined to liquidate the government and the democratic party … but he needed a little Time and a little understanding by Austria … of constitution and flag had therefore not been talked about and the conditions were mitigated without any counterpart, not so much perhaps for generosity of the marshal as for political calculation. [3] [4] \u00bb ^  \u00abThe armistice of Vignale sorry as in Vienna as to Piedmont. Prince Felice Schwarzenberg exclaimed: “Our old marshal knows how to beat the enemy, but he does not know how to negotiate with him”, and the advice of the Austrian ministers tried again the work of Radetzky. In Turin a conflict between the crown and the Parliament was looming. (In Encyclopedia Treccani under the item “Vittorio Emanuele II” by Walter Maturi (1937))  ^  Alexandre Le Masson, History of the Novara campaign in 1849 , Publisher Giuseppe Cassone, Turin, 1850, pp. 114,115  ^  a b  I. Montanelli, The Italy of the Risorgimento , Rizzoli Universal Library, 1998, p. 250  ^  a b  W. Maturi, On. Cit.  ^  W. Maturi, On. Cit.  ^  See also: Massimo D ‘Azeglio, Giuseppe Torelli, Cesare Paoli Paolo, Letters by Massimo D’Azeglio to Giuseppe Torelli , Carrara Editore, Milan 1870, pp. 80,287,290  ^  The Savoy Kings of Italy , 1990  ^  Vittorio Emanuele II , 1994  ^  ‘ The king had the other yesterday a personal interview with me to the outposts, in which he openly declared his firm will to want to dominate the revolutionary Democratic Party for his part, to which his father had left loose bridle, so that he had threatened himself and his throne; And that for this reason he needed only a little more time, and especially not to be discredited at the beginning of his kingdom […] these reasons are so true that I could not question them, therefore yielded and I think I have Well done, because without the trust of the new king and the protection of his dignity, no situation in Piedmont can offer us any guarantee of the country for the next future. \u00bb (D. Mack Smith, Vittorio Emanuele II , Laterza, Bari, 1973 in A. Desideri, History and historiography , and. G. D’Anna, Messina-Florence, 1990, p. 638  ^  D. Mack Smith, Vittorio Emanuel Laterza, Bari 1973 in A. Desideri, History and historiography , and. G. D’Anna, Messina-Florence, 1990, pp. 638-639  ^  ‘ However, when an hour was missing at the expiry of the Radetzsky truce decided to meet with him and set the appointment for the four and a half in Vignale . \u00bb\u00bb (In I. Montanelli, The Italy of the Risorgimento , Rizzoli Universal Library, 1998, p. 249  Filippo Santi, King Galantuomo Vittorio Emanuele II , Ed. F. Pagnoni, Denis Mack Smith, Victor Emanuel, Cavour and the Risorgimento Denis Mack Smith, Vittorio Emanuele II , Milan, Mondadori, 1994. Denis Mack Smith, The Savoy Kings of Italy , Milan, Rizzoli, 1990. Denis Mack Smith, Manipulated history , Bari, Laterza, 1998. Indro Montanelli, The Italy of the Risorgimento , Rizzoli Universal Library, 1998 W. matures in Encyclopedia Treccani under “Vittorio Emanuele II” Alexandre Le Masson, History of the Novara campaign in 1849 , Publisher Giuseppe Cassone, Turin, 1850      (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/armistice-of-vignale-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Armistice of Vignale – Wikipedia"}}]}]