Ausonio (Phisica) – Wikipedia
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Ausonio (chemical symbol To the ) was the name assigned to the element with atomic number 93, now known as Nettunio. It takes its name from a Greek name of Italy, Ausonia and is the name that Enrico Fermi and his team of the Institute of via Panisperna gave to the element they had generated through the bombing of a champion of uranium with neutrons.
In 1934, following the announcement of Irène Jaliot-Curie and Frédéric Jaliot of the discovery of new radioisotopes obtained by bombing nuclids of light elements with α rays, Fermi sensed that the neutrons could have been even more efficient bullets, as they have no charge not they would have been rejected by the electrical field of the targeted nucleus. Over a few months Fermi and his working group systematically radiated about sixty elements, starting from the lightest, discovering at least forty radionuclides.
At the end of spring, the heaviest elements came to radiate, including uranium, which being already naturally radioactive made the identification of the radionucludes generated by the bombing difficult. Having observed β radiation emission and having excluded that it came from nuclids of the elements of atomic number between 86 and 92 they advanced the hypothesis of having discovered the elements of atomic number 93 and 94 to which they gave the names respectively of Ausonio and expert (respectively from Ausonia and Esperia, ancient names of Italy [first] ).
Until then, the nuclear transmutation reactions had given rise to products that did not differ more than one or two units of atomic number from the bombarded starting nuclids. The hypothesis that could be generated through neutronic bombing of Uranium isotopi of elements with a significantly less than 92 atomic number, advanced during that year by Ida Noddack, [2] She was welcomed with extreme skepticism and shelved.
The hypothesis of the discovery of Ausonio and the Esperio was announced on June 4, 1934 by Senator Orso Mario Corbino in an official conference of the Academy of Lincei, in the following days the fascist press gave considerable prominence to the hypothetical discovery, which attracted the ‘Attention of world communication means and not only the purely scientific ones. Fermi was annoyed by the premature announcement and fears that his reputation was affected.
In the following years the research on the neutronic bombing of Uranium were carried out in several European workshops, in addition to the group of Fermi, the most active were Irene Jaliot-Curie and Paul Savitch in Paris and above all Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner and Fritz Stressmann al Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Berlin. At the end of 1938, these recognized in the products of the Radionuclidi bombing of Barium, Strike, Kripton and Rubidio. Subsequent experiments, carried out all over the world, confirmed that the neutronic bombing of uranium atoms can give rise to nuclear fission.
Although most likely in the original experiment of Fermi, traces of nuclids of the elements 93 and 94 had actually produced, almost all of induced radioactivity was due to the fragments of the fission products. Those elements were prepared and identified unequivocally only in 1940 in the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory of the University of California, exploiting a cycle tray. They were called Nettunio and Plutonio.
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