Beatrix (Queen of the Netherlands)-Wikipedia
For homonymous articles, see Béatrix.
Beatrix (in Dutch, Beatrix of the Netherlands , francized in Beatrix , or more rarely in Bliss ), born Au Palais de Soestdijk (Baarn), Est Reine des Pays-Bas du At .
The eldest daughter of Queen Juliana and Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands, Beatrix was born Princess of the Netherlands, Orange-Nassau and Lippe-Biesterfeld. Become queen by the abdication of her mother the , she in turn abdicated the , After 33 Years de reign, in favor of his eldest son, Willem-Alexander, Prince of Orange. She then resumed the title of princess.
Princess Beatrix is born the At the Palais de Soestdijk in Baarn, the Netherlands. She is the eldest of the granddaughters of Queen Wilhelmine, being the eldest daughter of the heiress Princess Juliana and Prince Bernhard Zur Lippe-Biesterfeld. From birth, she was second in the order of succession, after her mother.
Indeed, Princess Juliana and Prince Bernhard will still have three daughters: Irene, born in 1939, Marguerite ( Daisy ), born in exile in Canada in 1943, and Christine ( Christina ), born in 1947. Princess Beatrix received two sponsors-King Leopold III of Belgium and Duke Adolphe-Frédéric de Mecklembourg-and three Marraines: Princess Alice, the countess of Athlone, Princess Elisabeth of Waldeck-Pyrmont and The Comtesse Allene de Kotzebue.
Second World War [ modifier | Modifier and code ]
When the Netherlands are invaded in , the Dutch royal family takes refuge in London. Queen Wilhelmine becomes the soul of resistance to the occupier. A month later, the Blitz pushed Princess Juliana to take refuge in Ottawa, Canada, with her two daughters. A third girl was born in 1943. The family returned to the Netherlands the .
Studies [ modifier | Modifier and code ]
Béatrix is educated in progressive primary school Workplace in Bilthoven. His third sister Christina was born in 1947. The , his mother Juliana succeeds his grandmother Wilhelmine and Béatrix then became the presumptive heiress to the throne of the Netherlands at the age of ten.
In , Princess Beatrix enters the Incrementum, part of the Baarnsch Lyceum, where, in 1956, she took her exams and received a diploma in the art and ancient literature. THE , Princess Beatrix celebrates her eighteenth birthday. On this date, in accordance with the constitution of the Netherlands, it has the right to assume the royal prerogative. She then joined the Council of State. The same year, she started studying at the University of Leiden. During her first years at university, she studied sociology, case law, economics, parliamentary history and constitutional law. During her studies, she also took courses on the cultures of Suriname and the Dutch West Indies, the Charter of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, International Affairs, International Laws, History and European Laws. The princess also visits various European and international organizations in Geneva, Strasbourg, Paris and Brussels. It is also an active member of the VVSL (Union Female des Emnées de Leiden). In the summer of 1959, she passed her preliminary exams by law which she obtained the diploma in .
Marriage [ modifier | Modifier and code ]
Its appearance on the political scene is almost immediately marked by the controversy. In 1962, the princess met a member of the German little nobility Claus-Georg von Amsberg, diplomat working for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Federal Republic of Germany. The following year, he moved with her to Lage Vuursche, in the town of Baarn, at the Château de Drakensteyn, which she bought four years before [ first ] . They lived there until 1981. A photographer secretly took a photograph of the couple in 1965 and had the photo in the press published. Princess Beatrix publicly announces her intention to marry the young man. Barely twenty years after the war and the occupation, the choice is unpopular. Prince Claus served in the Hitlerian youth and the Wehrmacht and is associated by part of the Dutch population with Nazism. While the street is agitated, heated debates take place in the Estates General before a historian demonstrates that the young man did not actively participate in the Nazi abuses.
However, marriage is the subject of many protests during the Westerkerk wedding day in Amsterdam . Among the protests are written by slogans such as ‘ Claus out! » (“Claus releases!”) And ‘ My bike back! » (“Give me my bike!”), A reference to the German soldiers confiscating the Dutch bicycles during the country’s occupation. A smoke bomb is thrown on the royal carriage by a group of provos, which causes violent clashes with the police. Over time, however, Prince Claus becomes one of the most popular members of the Dutch monarchy and his death, in 2002, is widely cried throughout the country.
The couple gives birth to three sons, titled princes with predicate of Royal Highness:
- Prince Willem-Alexander, prince of the Netherlands and Orange-Nassau, prince of Orange, squire of Amsberg (born in 1967), who married in 2002 Máxima Zorreguieta (born in 1971), hence three girls ; Crown prince (1980-2013) then King of the Netherlands (2013);
- Prince Friso Van Oranje-Nassau von Amsberg, count of Orange-Nassau, squire of Amsberg (1968-2013), who married in 2004 without the authorization of the Parliament-which makes him lose his rights to the throne-Mabel Wisse Smit (born in 1968), hence two girls;
- Prince Constantijn, prince of the Netherlands and Orange-Nassau, squire of Amsberg (born in 1969), who married in 2001 Laurentien Brinkhorst (born in 1966), hence a boy and two girls.
Reign [ modifier | Modifier and code ]
Queen Juliana abdicated on April 30, 1980 leaving the throne to Beatrix aged 42. On this occasion, riots even more violent than the day of her wedding occur during the induction ceremony. Some people, including socialist squatters, take the opportunity to protest against bad housing conditions in the Netherlands and against the monarchy in general. These events are today considered one of the worst episodes of riots that took place in peacetime in the history of the country [ 2 ] . The new queen works at the Noordeinde palace, in other words “the old court”, but resides at home ten bosch, near the Hague since 1981. In 1996, she received the International Charlemagne Prize in Aix-la-Chapelle for her efforts for the unification of Europe. She is an honorary member of the Rome Club Humanist Association [ 3 ] . The Dutch media noted during the 1990s that it came closer and closer to the people, hence their very strong popularity.
The queen lost her husband in 2002 and two parents in 2004. She was hospitalized the At the Haga hospital in The Hague to undergo an operation: installation of the left knee prosthesis. In 2005, she celebrated at the age of 67 years his money jubilee ( 25 years reign), national day in the Netherlands. The country is transformed for the occasion into a gigantic flea market. The jubilee is celebrated by the Queen and his family in Scheveningen, a seaside resort of the Hague, then by a tour in twelve provinces of the Netherlands and the Dutch overseas. THE , Prince Johan Friso, the Queen’s second son, is the victim of an avalanche while he skies in Austria in the company of a friend in Lech station. Immersed in a deep coma from which he never leaves, he is transferred the In a London hospital where his wife and children remain. He died there .
Abdication [ modifier | Modifier and code ]
The two previous queens of the Netherlands, Wilhelmine and Juliana, both abdicated after their respective long reigns. THE , during a radioteledized speech [ 4 ] , Queen Beatrix officially announces abdicate the (Queen’s party in the Netherlands and anniversary date of her accession to the throne in 1980), in favor of his eldest son, Prince Guillaume-Alexandre [ 5 ] , [ 6 ] . In 2009, the date of April 30 was already mentioned, but the abdication project was postponed sine the , due to the drama that occurred during the attack on the royal convoy during the festivities the same year [ 7 ] . The following year, in 2014, she re -moved to the Château de Drakensteyn in Lage Vuursche (Baarn), where she lived with Prince Claus and their sons between 1963 and 1981.
- – : His Royal Highness Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld;
- – : His Majesty The Queen of the Netherlands
- since : His Royal Highness Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld.
The royal house published a press release [ 8 ] On the consequences of the queen’s abdication: “His Royal Highness The Prince of Orange will become, from the moment of abdication, King Willem-Alexander. Her Royal Highness Princess Máxima of the Netherlands will become the Queen Máxima from this moment. Their treatment will be that of Majesty . Queen Beatrix, upon her abdication, will be called “her Royal Highness Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau, etc. ». From the accession to the throne of the Prince of Orange, his eldest daughter, his royal Highness Princess Catharina-Amalia of the Netherlands, will become first in the order of succession and, consequently, heiress princess. From this moment it will become Princess of Orange (art. 7 of the law of belonging to the royal house). The titles and denominations of other members of the royal family will remain unaltered after the abdication of Queen Beatrix. The changes will, however, relate to the composition of the royal house and the order of succession. From the moment the abdication will open the order of succession of His Majesty the King: his royal Highness the Princess of Orange, her Royal Highness Princess Alexia and her Royal Highness Princess Ariane. His Royal Highness Prince Constantijn and his children, as well as his Royal Highness Princess Margriet, remain potential successors. From the moment of the abdication, the children of her Royal Highness Princess Margriet and Professor Pieter Van Vollenhoven will not be successible to the throne. They will no longer be members of the royal family. »»
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