[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/bristee-campaign-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/bristee-campaign-wikipedia\/","headline":"Bristee Campaign \u2014 Wikipedia","name":"Bristee Campaign \u2014 Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 The Bristoe campaign is a series of military maneuvers and minor fights which take place in Virginia, on the","datePublished":"2020-08-27","dateModified":"2020-08-27","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1f\/Bristoe_Campaign.png\/400px-Bristoe_Campaign.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1f\/Bristoe_Campaign.png\/400px-Bristoe_Campaign.png","height":"371","width":"400"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/bristee-campaign-wikipedia\/","wordCount":2784,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4The Bristoe campaign is a series of military maneuvers and minor fights which take place in Virginia, on the Oriental theater of the Civil War between October and November 1863. The Northern Major-General George G. Meade, Commander of the Potomac army tries, without success, to undo the army of Northern Virginia, commanded by Robert Lee. The rotating movement opposed to him by the southerners leads Meade to withdraw to downtown. Lee attacks Meade in Bristoe Station the October 14 , but the losses suffered by two of his brigades forced him to withdraw. Meade pursues him south, until the Union forces go up to the defensive bridgehead of the Confederates November 7th , to Rappahannock Station and repel them on the other side of the Rapidan river. Apart from the infantry fighting, the cavalry of the two armies compete in Auburn (the first time the October 13 , a second time the October 14 ) and in Buckland Mills the October 19 .        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Lee and his generals are disappointed with the results of the campaign, which did not allow them to undo the Union forces and did not have the Northerners to offset the Western theater to seek reinforcement.           (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Map of Bristoe campaign operations. Table of ContentsThe geographical context [ modifier | Modifier and code ] The military context [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Northern forces [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Southern forces [ modifier | Modifier and code ] First and second Battle of Auburn (October 13-14) [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Battle of Bristoe Station (October 14) [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Battle of Buckland Mills (Buckland Races) (October 19) [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Second battle of Rappahannock Station (November 7) [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Related articles [ modifier | Modifier and code ] external links [ modifier | Modifier and code ] The geographical context [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Operations take place on the territory of Virginia, between the mountain range of Blue Ridge Mountains , to the west and the Potomac river, to the east. This area is of northeast\/south-west orientation and is cut by several rivers flowing towards the potomac. A railway line, making it possible to link Washington, northern capital, in Richmond, southern capital, crosses this area. The military context [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Following the battle of Gettysburg, the southern army returned to the Potomac, fell back to the south and settled on the right bank of the Rapidan river to reorganize. The northern forces followed this movement but, out of many skirmishes, did not look for a new confrontation. They also have to reorganize.        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4General Meade, commander of the Potomac army, criticized for his apparent lack of combativeness, will prepare a new offensive against the southern army. It will be Bristoe’s campaign. He is encouraged to take action when he learns that, in early September, two rebel divisions belonging to the army corps of Lieutenant-General James Longstreet were detached from the Northern Virginia army to join the forces that fight, On the Western theater, in the Tennessee valley. He advances his troops to the Rappahannock river and, the September 3 , launches its columns along the Rapidan to meet Lee. After the Battle of Culpeper Court House, the Blues occupy Culpeper. Meade thinks of using its numerical superiority to operate a vast rotating movement like the one imagined by Hooker, in the previous spring, in Chancellorsville. But the September 24 , its workforce is amputated by XI It is And XII It is Body that also join Tennessee and Chattanooga. Although the southern army has lost a third of its workforce, Robert Lee only thinks of resuming the offensive. At the beginning of October, learning the departure of the two bodies of the Union, he sends his forces bypass Cedar Mountain to attack the right side of Mead. The latter, although having higher number in number, does not wish to fight combat on a location which he did not choose and prefers to fold the army of the potomac along the railway line of Orange and Alexandria Railroad . It is during this withdrawal that the first battle of Auburn will take place ( October 13 ), the second battle of Auburn ( October 14 ) and the battle of Bristoe Station ( October 14, 1863 also). The Northerners will thus go back by almost 70 kilometers. Then, essentially for logistical problems, Lee will in turn have to retreat, prosecuted by the forces of Mead. It is during the southern withdrawal that the battle of Buckland Mills will take place ( October 19 ) and the second battle of Rappahannock Station ( November 7th ). The end of the campaign will see the two armies almost find their starting positions. Northern forces [ modifier | Modifier and code ] It is the Potomac army, the one that fought in Gettysburg. It consists of five army corps: I is , II It is (Major General Governor K. Warren), III It is , IN It is And WE It is . At the start of the campaign, she also includes the XI It is And XII It is Body, but they will be sent to strengthen the Tennessee army and will not play any role in the countryside. In total, the northern army aligns around 76,000 men. Southern forces [ modifier | Modifier and code ] It is the army of Northern Virginia, the one that fought in Gettysburg. It includes two army corps, those of the lieutenants general Richard S. Ewell and A. P. Hill. Each aligns 15 infantry brigades, in 3 divisions, and has 5 artillery battalions. The army also has a cavalry body, under the orders of J. E. B. Stuart, 5 brigades in 2 divisions and with 1 artillery battalion. In total, it aligns 55,221 men. First and second Battle of Auburn (October 13-14) [ modifier | Modifier and code ] The October 13 , Major-General J.E.B. Stuart, engaged in one of his famous cavalry raids in search of enemy vans to capture, between megarde in contact with the rear guard of the III It is Union army corps near Warrenton. The body of Lieutenant-General Richard S. Ewell is dispatched to the rescue, but Stuart and his men hide in a wooded ravine while the northerners make movement, and the assistance which was sent to him is superfluous [ first ] . While the Union troops withdrew to Manassas Junction, Meade is particularly attentive to protect its western flank of the kind of operation whose Pope’s forces and those Hooker had been previously victims in the same region. The October 14 , near Auburn, the brigades belonging to II It is Corps commanded by Major-General Governor K. Warren fond of a rearguard fight against the Stuart cavalry and the brigadier-general infantry division Harry Hays. The Stuart riders are narrowly escaped the men of Warren and the disaster. THE II It is Body pushes to Catlett Station on the line of Orange & Alexandria Railroad [ 2 ] . Battle of Bristoe Station (October 14) [ modifier | Modifier and code ] The Confederate Body of Lieutenant-General A.P. Hill, by chance, by chance two bodies of the Retired Union army at Bristoe Station, attacks them without having proceeded to recognize. THE October 14 , soldiers of II It is Corps of the Union, entrenched behind the slope of the line of the line Orange & Alexandria Railroad Deciment two brigades from the division of Major-General Henry Heth and capture an artillery battery. Hill strengthens his line but fails to take the advantage over extremely determined defenders. After this victory, Meade continues his retirement to Centerville and Lee’s offensive in Bristoe endlessly prematurely, Meade having firmly entrenched and Lee having exhausted his provisions. After a few skirmishes near Manassas and Centerville, the Confederates slowly withdraw from the Rappahannock, destroying the line of Orange & Alexandria Railroad in their retirement. General-in-chief Henry W. Halleck insists that Meade launched himself in pursuit of Lee, but the restart of the railway line, after the Confederate sabotage, will take a full month [ 3 ] . Battle of Buckland Mills (Buckland Races) (October 19) [ modifier | Modifier and code ] After the defeat suffered at Bristoe Station and an aborted advance in Centerville, the Stuart cavalry is screening while Lee’s army withdrew from Manassas Junction. The Union cavalry under Brigadier-General Judson Kilpatrick continues that of Stuart along the road to Warrenton ( Warrenton Turnpike ), but they fall into an ambush near Chestnut Hill and are routed. Federal troops are dispersed and driven over 8 km in an episode that remained in history under the name of ‘ Buckland Races \u00bb (Buckland races) [ 4 ] . Second battle of Rappahannock Station (November 7) [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Lee returns to his former cantonly behind the Rappahannock, but he leaves a fortified bridgehead on the north shore, to monitor the road passing through Kelly’s Ford. THE November 7th , Meade is forced to pass on the Rappahannock in two places. At nightfall, a surprise attack, led by the WE It is Corps of Major-General John Sedgwick, allows the Northerners to make masters of the bridgehead to Rappahannock Station and to take prisoners more than 1,600 Confederate soldiers composing two brigades attached to the division of Major-General Jubal A. Early . The fights of Kelly’s Ford are less harsh, but the Confederates are retreating, allowing the soldiers of the Union to cross en masse [ 5 ] . Although this campaign has had no significant result on the course of the conflict, it illustrates the military engineering of Robert Lee who, with an army much lower in number, succeeds in taking the initiative, in retreating her 70 km opponent , and destroy the railway line on which the northern refueling line was lean that it will take a month to repair [ 6 ] . The last operations of this year 1863 will take place around Mine Run, before the two armies took their winter quarters. (in) This article is partially or entirely from the Wikipedia article in English entitled ‘ Bristoe Campaign \u00bb ( See the list of authors ) . (in) James McPherson, The atlas of the civil war , Courage Books, 2005, (ISBN\u00a0 978-0-7624-2356-9 ) , pages 138-139. (in) Edwin C. Fishel, The secret war for the Union , Mariner Books, 1996, (ISBN\u00a0 0-395-90136-7 ) , pages 542-543. (in) Mark M. Boatner III, The Civil War Dictionary , Vintage Books, 1959, reissue 1987, (ISBN\u00a0 0-679-73392-2 ) , pages 87\u201388. (in) David G. Eicher, The longest night, a military history of the Civil War , Simon & Schuster, 2001, (ISBN\u00a0 0-684-84944-5 ) , pages 596-598. (in) Shelby Foote, The Civil War, a narrative , tome 2, Vintage Books, 1963, (ISBN\u00a0 0-394-74621-X ) , pages 792-794. (in) Michael A. Palmer, Lee Moves North: Robert E. Lee on the Offensive . Chapter 3. 1998, Wiley, (ISBN\u00a0 978-0471164012 ) . Related articles [ modifier | Modifier and code ] external links [ modifier | Modifier and code ]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/bristee-campaign-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Bristee Campaign \u2014 Wikipedia"}}]}]